Price of Freedom: Americans at War - National Museum of American ...

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Section IV: World War II Title: Battle of the Bulge—Americans Respond to a German Surprise Grade Level: High School Objectives: Describe strategic moments during the Battle of the Bulge. Understand how weather challenged the soldiers who fought on both sides during the battle. National History Standards: Standard 3: Historical Analysis and Interpretation; Era 8:3: The causes and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the U.S. role in world affairs. Time: 45 minutes LESSON 11 Background: On D day—June 6, 1944—the Allies launched a massive attack on Hitler’s “Fortress Europe,” battling their way onto the beaches of Normandy in northwest France. Allied troops and armored divisions under the overall command of U.S. general Dwight D. Eisenhower spread inland. In bitter fighting, they fought their way through fields and along country lanes, into villages and from door to door, while Allied bombing and strafing battered German defenses. In August, amphibious landings from the Mediterranean poured troops and supplies diverted from Italy into southern France. Meanwhile, Allied forces crossed the Seine River and liberated Paris. By mid- September, the Allies were in control of Belgium and stood ready to strike Germany. On December 16, 1944, massed Allied troops were poised on the border of Germany— along a 200-mile front—when the Nazis mounted a surprise offensive in the forests of Belgium. The Allied line bulged, but it did not break. Allies quickly mobilized, pouring troops and matériel into the breech. A month of bitter fighting in winter cold and deep snow cost the Allies nearly 100,000 casualties; 20,000 Americans died. The Battle of the Bulge further depleted Germany’s disappearing fighting forces; already, its army was deploying boys, many of them younger than sixteen. As German resolve hardened, the stage was set for a bloody battle for the Nazi homeland and capital of Berlin. 46 the price of freedom: americans at war battle of the bulge
“Both the enemy and the weather could kill you, and the two of them together was a pretty deadly combination.” —Bart Hagerman, private, Seventeenth Airborne M-4 Sherman tank covered in snow Courtesy of National Archives battle of the bulge the price of freedom: americans at war 47
Page 1: The Price of Freedom Americans at W
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents Section I: War of
Page 6 and 7: Section I: War of Independence LESS
Page 8 and 9: LESSON 1 Materials: Illustrated map
Page 12 and 13: Who’s in Camp Militiamen were cit
Page 16 and 17: LESSON 3 George Washington’s camp
Page 18 and 19: Section II: Wars of Expansion LESSO
Page 20 and 21: Materials: DVD—first-person accou
Page 22 and 23: Section II: Wars of Expansion LESSO
Page 24 and 25: LESSON 5 “Look at me and look at
Page 26 and 27: Section III: Civil War Title: John
Page 28 and 29: LESSON 6 Slave family, about 1862 C
Page 30 and 31: Section III: Civil War Title: Women
Page 32 and 33: Women’s Role Vivandières (pronou
Page 34 and 35: Section III: Civil War Title: Compa
Page 36 and 37: Fiddle carried by Solomon Conn of t
Page 38 and 39: Section IV: World War II Title: Mob
Page 40 and 41: Materials: DVD—World War II Carto
Page 42 and 43: Section IV: World War II Title: Cha
Page 44 and 45: Materials: DVD—World War II Overv
Page 48 and 49: Materials: DVD—European Theater d
Page 50 and 51: Section V: Cold War/Vietnam Title:
Page 52 and 53: Materials: Surveillance photographs
Page 56 and 57: Materials: New York Times articles:
Page 60 and 61: Materials: DVD first-person account
Page 62 and 63: Section VI: September 11 and Its Af
Page 64 and 65: Aftermath of the attack on the Pent
Page 66 and 67: Bibliography General Daso, Dik, ed.
Page 68: Department of Education and Public

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