How to Benchmark Code Execution Times on Intel IA-32 and IA-64 ...

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<strong>How</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Benchmark</strong> <strong>Code</strong> <strong>Execution</strong> <strong>Times</strong> on Intel ® IA-32 and IA-64 Instruction Set Architectures Abstract This paper provides precise methods <strong>to</strong> measure the clock cycles spent when executing a certain C code on a Linux* environment with a generic Intel architecture processor (either 32 bits or 64 bits). 2
<strong>How</strong> <strong>to</strong> <strong>Benchmark</strong> <strong>Code</strong> <strong>Execution</strong> <strong>Times</strong> on Intel ® IA-32 and IA-64 Instruction Set Architectures Contents 1 0BIntroduction .................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Purpose/Scope ..................................................................................... 5 1.2 Assumptions......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Terminology ......................................................................................... 5 2 Problem Description ...................................................................................... 7 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 7 2.2 Problems with RDTSC Instruction in C Inline Assembly ............................... 7 3 Variance Introduced by CPUID and Improvements with RTDSCP Instruction11 3.1 Problems with the CPUID Instruction ...................................................... 11 3.1.1 <strong>Code</strong> Analysis ......................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Evaluation of the First <strong>Benchmark</strong>ing Method .............................. 12 3.2 Improvements Using RDTSCP Instruction ............................................... 15 3.2.1 The Improved <strong>Benchmark</strong>ing Method ......................................... 16 3.2.2 Evaluation of the Improved <strong>Benchmark</strong>ing Method ...................... 17 3.2.3 An Alternative Method for Architecture Not Supporting RDTSCP ..... 20 3.2.4 Evaluation of the Alternative Method ......................................... 22 3.3 Resolution of the <strong>Benchmark</strong>ing Methodologies ....................................... 24 3.3.1 Resolution with RDTSCP ........................................................... 24 3.3.2 Resolution with the Alternative Method ...................................... 27 4 5BSummary ..................................................................................................... 30 5 Appendix ..................................................................................................... 31 6 Reference List .............................................................................................. 35 Figures Figure 1. Minimum Value Behavior Graph 1 .................................................................. 14 Figure 2. Variance Behavior Graph 2 ............................................................................ 15 Figure 3. Minimum Value Behavior Graph 3 .................................................................. 19 Figure 4. Variance Behavior Graph 4 ............................................................................ 20 Figure 5. Minimum Value Behavior Graph 5 .................................................................. 23 Figure 6. Variance Behavior Graph 6 ............................................................................ 23 Figure 7. Minimum Value Behavior Graph 7 .................................................................. 26 Figure 8. Variance Behavior Graph 8 ............................................................................ 27 Figure 9. Variance Behavior Graph 9 ............................................................................ 28 3
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