C++ Programming Language - Princess Sumaya University for ...

Object Oriented 

Programming Language 

Dr. Arafat Awajan 

Princess Sumaya University for Technology 

awajan@psut.edu.jo 

cpp@psut.edu.jo 

Amman - Jordan

Chapter One 

Introduction To OOP 

1. 1. Programming Concepts 

1. 2. Unstructured Programming 

1. 3. Structured (Procedural) Programming 

1. 4. Modular Programming 

1. 5. Object Oriented Programming 

1. 6. History of C++ 

1. 7. Programming in C++ 

1. 8. C++ features 

1. 9. Typical C++ Environment 

Dr. Arafat Awajan - PSUT - 2004 2

Chapter One 

Introduction To C++ 

1. 10. First Program 

1. 11. Basic elements of the language 

1. 12. Standard Types 

1. 13. Variables 

1. 14. Constants 

1. 15. Operators 

1. 16. Examples and Exercises 



a. Solving Problem: 

What is a problem: data + questions 

Solving the problem means finding the answers 

b. Steps of Solving Problems 

Analyzing the problem: input and output description 

Developing a solution: an algorithm 

Writing a program: Programming Language 

Environment 

Compiling: Errors AND warning 

Testing 

Maintaining 



c. Evolution of programming Techniques 

Unstructured programming: 1950s 

Structured Programming: 1970s 

Modular Programming 

Object Oriented Programming: 1990s 

d. Software requirements 

Time and money 

Performance and efficiency 

test, reuse, maintenance, 

OOP 


1. 2. Unstructured programming 

a. During the 1950s 

b. Now: the beginners 

c. Features 

The program contains only one bloc(Main) 

The main program directly operates on global data. 

Program 

Main + Global Data 


1. 3. Structured programming 

(Procedural) 

a. Research during the 1960s 

b. Basic idea 

Top Down Design divide and conquer 

c. Aims 

programs that are clearer, easier to develop,to test 

and to modify 

d. A program is a set of procedures/Functions 

called when needed 

e. Languages: 

Pascal (1970), C (1971), ADA (1980) 


Main Program 

Procedure 


1. 4. Modular programming 

a. Basic idea 

B. Example 

Functions / procedures with the same functionality are 

grouped into separate modules. 

Each Module can have its own data. 

Program 

Module 1 Module 2 

Data 

Data 

Procedure1 Procedure1 Procedure2 .. 


1. 5. Object Oriented programming 

( O O P ) 

a. Developed during 1980s 

b. Aims 

building software quickly, correctly, and economically, 

more understandable, better organized, easier to 

maintain, modify and debug 

c. Definition 

- Objects are Independent and Reusable software 

components 

- An object is a meaningful software unit that describes 

data and related functions 

- an object models things in the real worlds 



( O O P ) 

d. Focus on objects (things) 

treating data and the procedures that act upon the data 

as a single entity - object. (encapsulation) 

e. Fundamental Capabilities of OOP languages: 

Objects(data + functions) 

Classes (ADT) 

Inheritance 

Polymorphism (Poly == Many, Morph == Form) 

f. Languages 

Smalltalk, C++(1985), and JAVA(1995) 



( O O P ) 

g. Examples 

A car is a collection of attributes: type, engine, color, size, 

doors, year, and so forth. 

A car can be described as a collection of actions: move, 

speed up, stop, park, and so on. 

Car ----> class 

My_Car is an object of the class car. 

----> The Type of My_Car 

----> Move My_Car 

----> Stop My_Car 



( O O P ) 

h. Objects 

They are created from a class 

j. Classes: 

They contain functions to implement behaviors 

They contains data to implement attributes 

They are reusable 

A new class can be generated by an old one: 

Sport_Car From Car 



1967: Basic Combined programming Language 

BCPL developed by Martin Richards 

1970: The language B developed by Ken Thompson 

at Bell Labs. 

B is used to create the Operating System UNIX 

1972: C was evolved from B by Denis Ritchie at Bell 

Labs. 

C is B + types + Structured programming 

features. 



1985: C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at 

Bell labs. 

C++ is an extension of C: Better C + OOP 

1989: ANSI/ISO C 

1990s:VC++ developed by Microsoft 

( C++ plus Visual language features …) 

1999: ANSI/ISO C++ 

Now: C++ is the leading edge programming 

language 


C# 

VC++ 

C++ 

C 



a. Building C++ programs 

A C++ program built from pieces called classes and 

functions 

b. Using C++ standard library 

Rich collection of existing classes and functions 

c. Using Third-Party libraries 

Example: MFC 

Microsoft Foundation Classes 



d. Good program features: 

Clarity (Style, elegance, structure) 

Performance ( time efficiency, space efficiency) 

Correctness ( testing results) 

Finiteness 

Data descriptions( Input data and output results) 


1. 8. C++ Features 

a. Structured (procedural) language ( a better C) 

b. Object Oriented language 

c. Portable language (Hardware Independent) 

d. Rich language: Operators, libraries, ... 

e. Complex language 

f. Used for application programming and system 

programming 

g. Most popular OOPL 


1.8. C++ Features 

Enhancements and improvements C++ offers to C: 

a. Default function arguments 

b. Flexible placement of variable declarations 

c. The scope resolution operators 

global and local variables with the same name 

d. inline function 

e. Enumeration 

f. Function overloading 


1. 9. Typical Environment of C++ 

a. Developing C++ programs: 

Edit (text file with the extensions *.ccp) 

Preprocess 

Compile (object file) 

Link (executable file) 

Load 

Execute 

b. Examples of environment 

Borland Turbo C++ 

Visual C++ 

Unix 


1. 10. First Programs 

a. Example 1 

// this is my first program 

// It prints a line of text 

#include 

int main() 

{ 

} 

cout

1. 10. First Programs 

c. Example 2 

// there are multiple ways to print text 

#include 

int main() { 

cout


a. Characters 

b. Words 

Letters: a ... z, and A … Z 

Digits: 0 … 9 

Special characters 

What is a word 

Reserved words 

User Defined Words(Identifiers) 

Rules for building UDWs. 

c. statements 

Statement: set of C-tokens that instructs the computer 

to perform some task. 

A statement must be ended by ; 



d. Blocs of statements 

A set of statements (0, 1, 2, …) delimited by the two 

characters { and }. 

e. Functions 

Code that solves a subproblem 

A function consists of two parts: Header and Body 

The function main is an example. 

f. Classes 

Data and functions: description and relationships 

g. Programs 

classes and functions, one of them must be named main. 

h. Projects

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