Hypothalamus and Limbic System
Hypothalamus and Limbic System
Hypothalamus and Limbic System
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-Behavior <strong>and</strong> Motivation-<br />
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
Sinan Canan, PhD<br />
sinancanan@gmail.com
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong>
Midbrain (Diencephalon)<br />
• Homeostatic control centers<br />
• Thalamus – “relay station” <strong>and</strong> sensory<br />
integration<br />
• <strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
• Hunger/Satiety<br />
• Thirst: Body osmolarity<br />
• “Fight or flight” response<br />
• Rage – fear...<br />
• Control of biological rythms<br />
• Endocrine <strong>and</strong> ANS synchrony
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
Midbrain<br />
Pons<br />
Hypophysis
Hipotalamus<br />
Blood P; bladder<br />
contraction<br />
Oxytocin, water retention<br />
Hunger<br />
Blood P; mydriasis,<br />
shivering<br />
Neuroendocrine<br />
control<br />
ADH<br />
GIS uyarımı<br />
Satiety,<br />
Neuroendocrine<br />
control<br />
Feeding reflexes
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
Paraventricular nucleus:<br />
Oxytocin+ADH<br />
Medial preoptic area:<br />
Bladder contraction<br />
Heart rate <br />
Blood pressure#<br />
Supraoptic nucleus:<br />
ADH release<br />
Posterior preoptic <strong>and</strong> anterior<br />
hypothalamus:<br />
Body temperature<br />
Respiration<br />
Sweating
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
Lateral hypothalamus:<br />
Thirst <strong>and</strong> hunger; Rage!<br />
Arcuate nuclei:<br />
Dopamine, GHRH#<br />
Periventricular area:<br />
Neuroendocrine control<br />
Mamillary body:<br />
Recognition memory, feeding<br />
reflexes<br />
Ventromedial nucleus:<br />
Satiety center, NE control<br />
Perifornical area:<br />
Hunger, Blood pressure , anger
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
Dorsomedial neucleus:<br />
GIS Stimulation<br />
Posterior hypothalamus:<br />
Blood pressure<br />
Pupil dilatation<br />
Shivering<br />
Suprachiasmatic nucleus:<br />
Biological rhythms<br />
Control of the pineal gl<strong>and</strong>
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong>
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong>
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong>
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong> – Coronal Sections
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
• Lateral <strong>Hypothalamus</strong> & Medial Forebrain<br />
bundle<br />
• Hunger<br />
• Thirst<br />
• Emotional drive
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong> <strong>and</strong> Behavior<br />
• Lateral <strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
• Rage-Euphoria-Fight<br />
• Ventromedial nucleus<br />
• Satiety-calmness<br />
• Periventricular area<br />
• Punishment-fear<br />
• Anterior-posterior hypothalamus<br />
• Sexual instincts
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong> <strong>and</strong> Behavior<br />
• Punishment-Reward <strong>System</strong><br />
• Reward centers<br />
• Lateral hypothalamus<br />
• Ventromedial hypoth.<br />
• Secondary areas:<br />
• Septum<br />
• Amygdala<br />
• Thalamus<br />
• Basal ganglia – basal tegmentum
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong> <strong>and</strong> Behavior<br />
• Punishment-Reward <strong>System</strong><br />
• Punishment centers<br />
• Periventricular area*<br />
• Lateral hypothalamus*<br />
• Suppressing centers:<br />
• VM nucleus<br />
• Hippocampus<br />
• Anterior limbic cortex
<strong>Hypothalamus</strong> <strong>and</strong> Endocrine control
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong>
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
• Limbus: Border, circle<br />
• <strong>Limbic</strong> system<br />
• Cingulate gyrus –<br />
emotions <strong>and</strong><br />
behavior; decision…<br />
• Hippocampus –<br />
learning <strong>and</strong> memory;<br />
navigation<br />
• Amygdala –<br />
emotions <strong>and</strong> emotinal<br />
memory
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
• <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong><br />
• Cingulate gyrus<br />
• Hippocampus<br />
• Amygdala<br />
• <strong>Hypothalamus</strong><br />
• Mamillary body<br />
• Septum<br />
• Orbitofrontal cortex….
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong>
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong>
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> - Hippocampus<br />
• Hippocampal formation<br />
• Hippocampus proper<br />
• (Cornu ammonis-CA)<br />
• Gyrus dentatus<br />
• Subiculum<br />
• Enthorhinal cortex<br />
• Fornix
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> - Hippocampus<br />
• Hippocampal formation<br />
• Paleocortex<br />
• Laminated structure<br />
• Learning <strong>and</strong> memory<br />
• Short-term memory<br />
• LTP!
The <strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> - Hippocampus<br />
CA1<br />
CA2<br />
CA3
<strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> – Hippocampus – Papez Circuit
<strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> – Hippocampus – Papez Circuit
<strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> – Amygdala<br />
Amygdala<br />
Coronal section<br />
Amygdala
<strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> – Amygdala – Fear&Phobias
<strong>Limbic</strong> <strong>System</strong> – Amygdala
Feelings <strong>and</strong> motivation<br />
• Cooperative function of:<br />
• <strong>Hypothalamus</strong>, limbic system <strong>and</strong> cortex<br />
• Feelings: Pleasure, sexual arousal, anger <strong>and</strong><br />
fear; limited concious control – hard to block"<br />
• Motivation: driving power;<br />
increases arousal; goal-directed behavioral<br />
coordination
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome<br />
• Extensive damage in<br />
limbic structure<br />
• Feeding disturbances<br />
• Hypersexuality<br />
• Oral focusing<br />
• Loss of fear<br />
• Submission<br />
• Dementia/aphasia/amnesia<br />
• Visual agnosia
Learning <strong>and</strong> memory circuits<br />
Hippocampus<br />
Frontal<br />
cortex<br />
Cortical<br />
regions<br />
Thalamus
That’s all for now...<br />
"If the brain were simple<br />
enough for us to underst<strong>and</strong><br />
it, we would be too simple to<br />
underst<strong>and</strong> it."<br />
Ken Hill<br />
Questions
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