Highlights on phostech's recent business development and

<strong>Highlights</strong> on Phostech's recent business
development and advanced Life Power® grade
Guoxian Liang, Ph.D.
R&D Director, Phostech Lithium, a Süd-Chemie Company

Süd-Chemie – Group Structure 2009
SÜD-CHEMIE GROUP
Sales 1) : 1,071.6; Employees 2) : 6,485 3)
Adsorbents and
Additives 4)
Performance
Packaging
Catalytic
Technologies
Energy and
Environment
Foundry Products
and Specialty Resins
Water
Treatment
1) business year 2009
2) employees of joint ventures (50/50) allocated by quota
3) including 429 employees in Central Functions
Phostech integrated in Energy & Environment BU

Süd-Chemie – 150 years of innovation !
Süd-Chemie: developing future-oriented products for more than 150 years
1857 1890 1930 1970 2010
–
–
–
–

Life Power® C-LiFePO4 Technology
Pyrolytic carbon deposit ! Submicron-sized particles !
Ravet et Al. invented in 1998
the use of a conductive
pyrolytic carbon nano-deposit
on LiFePO4 (US 6,855,273, US
6,962,666 & US 7,344,659)
LiFePO4
Carbon
deposit
20 nm
2 nm
C-LiFePO4 build on strong innovation

Pyrolytic Carbon Deposit (PCD)
Pyrolytic Carbon Deposit (PCD) symbiose with LiFePO4 is
the key to material power, optimal energy and cyclability
Pyrolysis of most organic
materials during or after
LiFePO4 synthesis leaves a
conductive C deposit
200 nm 100 nm
Organic precursor can be
solid, liquid or gas
Carbon deposit is bonded on
elementary particles or on
agglomerates = C-LiFePO4
PCD controls sintering and
helps preserve Fe precursor
or LiFePO4 size & shape, e.g.
50 nm to 15 µ
LiFePO4
2 μ agglomerate

Life Power® Production Processes
Process Solid-State Wet-Process
Grade Energy Power
Status Commercial P1 Semi-commercial P2
(300 t/y)
Several Life Power® synthesis processes to fulfill
needs of present & future customers and markets

Life Power® Commercial Products
P2 - Power Grade
P1 - Energy Grade
Nanosized
Micro-Aggregates
+ Products are under development to fulfill customer’s needs
Strong R&D investment to continuously improved products

Life Power® P1

Life Power® P1 Quality Control
Phase purity (%)
100
99
98
97
96
95
700
0 10 20 30 40 50
Batch
Frequency
18
15
12
9
6
3
0
11 11,4 11,8 12,2 12,6 13 13,4
BET (m 2 /g)
24
Water (ppm)
525
350
175
0
0 13 25 38 50
Batch
Frequency
20
16
12
8
4
0
130 134 138 142 146 150
Capacity (mAh/g)
High phase purity / Low water content / Consistency

Life Power® P1 aging at 60°C
Excellent stability in accelerated aging

Life Power® P2

Automotive QC requirements
Exemple: Life Power® P2 Stoichiometry (at.%) QC
190 consecutive lots including off-spec
Automotive requirements with > 25 parameters to control !!!
Huge QC investments to enter automotive market

Uncompromised quality key to success
4
Continuous Discharge of VL10VFe and VL12VFe Cells at 25°C
750A
Voltage Current(A) (Volt)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Superphosphate VL10VFe
Older VL10VFe
VL12V
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Capacity (Ah)
Source: SAFT 11th Electrochemical Power Sources R&D Symposium (July 2009)
Close collaboration with customers help improve performance

Uncompromised quality key to success
110%
90%
100%
80%
90%
70%
Capacity Loss (%)
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
LiFePO4 capacity
NCA Capacityl
LiFePO4 Impedance
NCA Impedance
Saft High Energy Cell
Calendar Life Testing 100% SOC
45°C
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
Impedance Gain (%)
30%
10%
20%
0%
10%
-10%
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Days
Source: SAFT 11th Electrochemical Power Sources R&D Symposium (July 2009)
Minimal impedance growth !

How does LiFe Power® LFP compare to NCA
10
8
NCA 100% DOD
Capacity (Ah)
6
4
2
0
NCA 80% DOD
LiFePO 4 100% DOD
"If one want to achieve the same life cycle as
LFP, DOD have to be reduced to 80% for NCA,
which nearly compensates for the energy density
gap between both chemistries on cell level"
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Cycles

Life Power® Developmental Products
Improvement to Solid-State Life Power® P1
Energy density
Main objectives
Power density
Packing density

C-LiFePO4 Solid-State Synthesis Benchmark
Capacity (mAh/g)
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
-20°C
0°C
Pdev
P1
25°C
20
Li/LiClO4 EC-DMC/C-LiFePO4
0
0.1
1 10 100
Discharge Rate (xC)

C-LiFePO4 Solid-State Synthesis Benchmark
Potential vs Li + /Li 0 (Volt)
3.8
3.4
3.0
2.6
2.2
Pdev
P1
Discharge at C/12
Li/LiClO4 EC-DMC/C-LiFePO4
-20°C
0°C
25°C
0 40 80 120 160
Capacity (mAh/g)

C-LiFePO4 Solid-State Synthesis Benchmark
High performance
Good processibility
High capacity
Low BET
Long cycle life
High packing density
High power
Require less solvent/binder/[C]
Production status: 100 kg scale
Evaluation by customers 1Q 2011

Life Power® Developmental Products
Manganese based Lithium Metal Phosphate
Improved energy density (4.0 V vs LFP 3.5V)
Performance battery material
No compromise on safety
Carbon deposit
How To
LiMn 1-x Fe x PO 4 "LFMP"
Nanosized

Successful Reduction of Particle Size
Submicron sized
Nanosized
LP 200-300 nm
SP

Potential vs Li (Volt)
4.5
3.5
2.5
Effect of Particle Size Reduction
Submicron sized
LP 200-300 nm
Nanosized
SP 1C

Nano LFMP (< 100 nm) Cycling
Excellent cycling stability
without loss of energy !
Capacity (mAh/g)
200
160
120
80
40
0
Potential vs Li (Volt)
(80 / 15 / 5) : (LFMP / CB / PVdF)
Loading 3 mg/cm 2
1C/1D
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
0 100 200
Cycle Number
1C/1D
0 40 80 120 160
Capacity (mAh/g)
Stable charge power !

Safety of Nano LFMP (

Conclusion on LFMP Developmental Grade
Improvement in energy/power density of LFMP vs P2 LiFePO4
without compromise in safety (nanosized < 100 nm)
Scaling up in progress
Even higher energy density could be practically achieved at C/10
by increasing the Mn content in LFMP but at the expense of the
charge ability and the cycle ability
Electrochemical behaviour (charge/discharge power, cycle ability)
of the LFMP lithium batteries correlated with LFMP intrinsic
properties, mainly its primary particle size

Life Power® is used and evaluated by
numerous companies (PT, HEV, PHEV, EV, UPS...)
US
Europe
China
Japan
Korea
Others customers
Sales offices

Some Life Powered Batteries

Some Life Powered Applications

Candiac (Québec) Life Power® P2 Commercial Plant
60 M€ investment by Süd-Chemie
2012
2,500 tons/yr Life Power® plant based on wet-process
developed in Germany (Süd-Chemie Moosburg R&D center)

Candiac Life Power® P2 Plant
Süd-Chemie strong commitment in LiFePO4

Acknowledgments
Life Power® team in St-Bruno (Qc) and
Moosburg (Germany)
Dr Nicolas Tran (Süd-Chemie Moosburg
R&D center) for LFMP data

Thank you for your attention !
For more
information:
info@phostechlithium.com
www.phostechlithium.com