Vogele Basic Training Hydraulics & Electrics

H.1.0 The history of hydraulics:
Hydraulics ( from the Greek hydro = water and aulos = pipe or flute ) is the science of the flow behaviour of fluids.
In particular, it involves the flow processes in open channels ( canals, rivers ) and lakes, as well as pipelines, pumps and ground water.
In the field of mechanical engineering, the technical components of drives and drivelines that function with fluids are referred to as hydraulic.
Joseph Bramah, England, is regarded as the founder of technical hydraulics. In 1795, he developed a hydromechanical machine operated with
pressurized water that functioned according to the hydrostatic law of Blaise Pascal. In 1851, Sir W. Armstrong developed the weight accumulator,
a reservoir that allowed the generation of large volume flows. In 1882, the London Hydraulic Power Company put a central pressurized water
supply for multiple hydraulic systems into operation. The first power steering system was developed by Harry Vickers around 1925.
H.2.0 Hydraulics deals primarily with the following aspects:
- Properties of fluids:
- Density
- Viscosity
- Elasticity
- Specific heat capacity
- Surface tension (capillary action )
- Solubility of gases, air content of water
- Hydrostatics:
-Pressure
- Uplift
- Theoretical description of the flow processes
- Kinematics and dynamics
- Continuity condition, mass behaviour
- Principle of linear momentum
- Equation of motion (Euler‘s equation of motion)
- Bernoulli‘s equation of energy (simple formulas for calculating outflow)
- Hagen-Poiseuille law
- Laminar flow
- Turbulent flow
- Real flows
- Flows in pipelines
- Flows in open channels, such as rivers, lakes, canals
- Flows in ground water