湿润和干旱条件下喀斯特地区洼地表层土壤水分的空间变异性3

200612 17 12
CH INESE JOURNAL OF APPL IED ECOLOGY, Dec. 2006, 17 (12) : 22772282
3
1, 2, 3 1, 23 3 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2, 3
( 1 , 410125;
2 , 547100;
3
, 100049)
,( 055
10 cm). ,,
. ,,
33115 m15175 m,05 cm;,
,,8122 m;()
,.
, ().
1001 - 9332 (2006) 12 - 2277 - 06S15217 A
Spa tia l var iab ility of surface so il m o isture con ten t in depression area of karst reg ion under m o ist and ar id
cond ition s. ZHANG J iguang 1, 2, 3 , CHEN Hongsong 1, 2 , SU Yirong 1, 2 , WU J inshui 1, 2 , ZHANGW ei 1, 2, 3 ( 1 Institute
of Subtropical A griculture, Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; 2 Huanjiang Experim ental S ta2
tion of Karst Ecosystem , Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, Guangxi, China; 3 Graduate School of
Chinese A cadem y of Sciences, B eijing 100049, China) . 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol. , 2006, 17 (12) : 22772282.
By the methods of geostatistics, this paper studied the spatial structure and distribution pattern of surface soil (0
5 and 510 cm) moisture content in the dep ression area of karst region in northwest Guangxi under moist and
arid conditions in the forepart of dry season. The results showed that in test area, surface soil moisture content
had obvious spatial heterogeneity and anisotropy, p resenting a significantly different p laque distribution pattern.
Under moist condition, surface soil moisture content had a medium or stronger spatial relativity, with a range of a2
bout 33115 and 15175 m, respectively, and an obvious trend effect in 05 cm soil layer. Under arid condition,
the spatial relativity was strong, and the spatial scale of resembling p laque had somewhat decrease, with the smal2
lest range being 8122 m. The moisture content under arid condition had a higher spatial variability, and thus, the
samp ling strategy should be based on the mean soil moisture content. The significant difference in the spatial vari2
ability and distribution pattern of surface soil moisture in test area was mainly due to the effects of physiognomy,
soil mean moisture (p recip itation) , and topography.
Key wordsSoil moisture, Karst, Spatial variability, Kriging, Spatial distribution.
1
2
[ 18, 19 ] . ,,
,
,
[ 19 ] .
[ 24, 7, 8, 12, 13, 18 ] ,
[ 1, 5, 7, 10, 15 ] ,
.
,
[ 4, 19 ] . Jacques [ 7 ]
,
,
.
[ 4, 5, 19 ] .
Owe [ 12 ]
; Fitzjohn [ 5 ] ,
,,
; [ 16 ] ,
3 ( KZCX32SW 2426)
(40501034)
(01200220055413).
3 3 . E2mail: hbchs@ isa. ac. cn
2005 - 12 - 02, 2006 - 09 - 24.
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

2278
17
;
[ 2 ] .
[ 4, 19 ] .
,.
,
,
,
,
.
2
211
(107 55 E, 24 50 N) ,,
376 m,440 m.
18617 hm 2 ,1713 hm 2 ,,
. ,25
80%,,
13% , ,
.
1919 ,3341441314 kJ cm - 2 ,
1 38911 mm,,
4,89,; 9
3,50% 60%.
.
212
21211 ,2
. ,,
,.
,2004910(,
23113% )1028(,
9189% )90 m 40 m(5 m
5 m)(05510 cm )(1) ,
342,.
21212 ,
3,,
[ 11, 20 ] ,
.
[ 9, 17, 21 ] ,:
.
1):
. Mo2
ran s IGeary s C,Moran s I
:
1
F ig. 1 Sketch of samp ling spots in research area.
I =
n
n
n
i =1
j =1
w ij
( x i
n
n
w ij
n
i =1
j =1
- x) ( x j - x)
i =1
(1)
( x i - x) 2
, x i x j xij,
w ij , n, I- 11.
I = 0,, ,
.
2):,
. ,
l/2 [ 16, 19 ] . :
N ( h)
1
2
r( h) =
2N ( h) Z ( x i
) - Z ( x i + h)
(2)
i =1
, N (h) h, Z (x i
) Z
x i , Z (x i
+ h) x i h.
3):,
,.
(RSS) (R 2 )1,
.
,:
( h) = C 0 + C 1 - e - h a (3)
r( h) = C 0 + C 3h
2a - h 3
2a 3
r( h) = C 0 + C
, C 0 , C 0
.
(4)
+ C , h, a
4):Krig2
ing,Kriging,
Z ( x 0
)x 0 ,
Z ( x i
)
x 0 Z ( x i
):
Z ( x 0
)
n
=
i =1
( i = 1, 2, 3, , n) ,
i Z ( x i
) (5)
, i Z ( x i
) ,
Z ( x 0
) ,1.
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

12 :
2279
1
Table 1 Sta tistica l param eters of so il m o isture con ten t
Samp ling time
Soil dep th
( cm)
Mean
( % )
Med
( % )
M in
( % )
Max
( % )
STD
( % )
CV
( % )
Skewness
Kurtosis
9110 05 23100 22187 18102 28149 1169 7136 01225 01882
510 23126 23134 19198 26198 1136 5183 - 01016 - 01059
10128 05 8114 8115 2173 13104 1191 23146 01025 01033
510 11163 11161 7109 15178 1175 15105 - 01141 01350
3
311
1,
(0 5 5 10 cm )
23113% ,, 05 cm
8114% , .
(CV ),
(CV < 10% ) ,
(10% CV 100% ).
, K2S
,0105,
,.
312
2,
.
;,
,,
,
.
,040 m,
,,
,
[ 4 ] . 5090 m ,
,,,
,
.
,
[ 20 ] . ,
40 m,
. (14 d) ,
30 m ,.
97(22 mm )
,.
313
(2 34),
,
,
.
,,
2
F ig. 2 Spatial correlogram of soil moisture.
a) 2004. 9. 10, b) 2004. 10. 28; 1) 05 cm, 2) 510 cm.
305 cm
F ig. 3 Trend analysis of the soil moisture of 05 cm layer under moist
condition.
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

2280
17
2
Table 2 Param eters of sem i2var iogram theoretica l m odels for spacia l
var ia tion of so il m o isture
Samp ling Soil dep th
time ( cm)
Mean
moisture
content
( % )
C 0 / ( C +
C 0 C + C 0 C 0 )
( % )
Range
(m)
Model
9110 05 23100 0197 2135 41127 33115 A 0185
05 3 23100 0118 1192 6125 10183 A 0194
510 23126 0135 1154 22173 15175 A 0184
10128 05 8114 0101 3143 0129 9114 B 0194
510 11161 01001 2175 0104 8122 B 0137
A:Exponential; B:Spherical. 3 Sem i2
variance parameters after trend analysis.
4
F ig. 4 Sem i2variogram s of soil moisture.
a)Moist condition; b)A rid condition. The
same below.
, 05 cm5
10 cm,. ,,
, [ 16 ] .
,,
, [ 16 ] .
,()
,
.
,
.
,
41127%22173% ,
,
58173%77127% ,
(5 m ),
3311515175 m,
R 2
. 05 cm
,X(2)
,(3).
,
. ,, 05 cm
;
,,
. ,
0129%0104% ,
,
,91148122 m,
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
.
314
[ 17 ] .
,
. 2215,0
(2)
90 (2)(
5). ,
[ 14 ] .
,
5
F ig. 5 Sem i2variogram s of soil moisture for anisotropy.
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

12 :
2281
.
,090
,,Krigiing
. 0
,()
;, 90
0, 90,
,
,0
,90
.
. ,
, 90
,
.
315
Kriging [ 8 ] ,
[ 6 ] .
,,
(6). 6,
,.
,;
,,
,,
,.
,.
,0,
,
. ,
,,
90.
,,
6
F ig. 6 Spatial distribution of the surface soil moisture ( % ).
© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net

2282
17
,
,,
. ,
,
, ()
.
4
1)
,
.
,
,.
2)
. ,,
, 33115
15175 m, 05 cm ;
,
,8122 m. (
),
.
3)
,, 90
,
.
Kriging,
. ,
,
().
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© 1994-2009 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. http://www.cnki.net