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Erwin Soriano Fernandez: Decolonising Our Universities and cultural emancipation when all, including his people, had acquiesced to the present dependency. His is a voice in wilderness just like select Juan de la Cruzes scattered in the different parts of the country. But the situation will change in the long run since a number of universities outside Manila had begun conducting researches on the cultures where they serve. It is hoped that it will not take time for the intellectuals and administrators of these universities to think about indigenizing their curriculum and courses not only to promote indigenous knowledge among their constituents but also to emancipate minds long accustomed to the Anglophone West and Tagalog Manila and jumpstart the celebration of a hundred selves, thoughts and ideas. Notes 1. http://www.deped.gov.ph/about_deped/history.asp < June 3, 2011>. 2. Erwin S. Fernandez, “Decolonizing the Filipino: Cultural-intellectual revolution in contemporary Philippines,” Proceedings of the Asia Culture Forum 2006: Asia Youth Culture Camp 2, Doing Cultural Spaces in Asia 26-29 October 2006 Held at Kim Dae Jung Center, Gwangju, Korea, edited by Kim Shin Dong, et al., 313-326. Gwangju: AFI et al., 2006. 3. See Nathan Gilbert Quimpo, “Colonial name, colonial mentality and ethnocentrism,” Public Policy 4 (1) 2000: 1-30. 4. For a history of Philippine education, see Encarnacion Alzona, A history of education in the Philippines, 1565-1930 (Manila: University of the Philippines Press, 1932) and Evergisto Bazaco, History of education in the Philippines: Spanish period, 1565-1898 (Manila: University of Santo Tomas, 1953). 5. See Evergisto Bazaco, Historia documentada del Real Colegio de San Juan de Letran (Manila: Impr. de la Universidad de Santo Tomas, 1933). 6. See Jonathan Fast and Jim Richardson, Roots of dependency: Political and economic revolution in 19 th century Philippines (Quezon City: Foundation for Nationalist Studies, 1979). 7. Jose S. Arcilla, S.J., “Ateneo de Manila: Problems and policies, 1859-1939” and Raul J. Bonoan, S.J., “Ateneo de Manila: Past and future” in The Jesuit educational tradition: The Philippine experience, Raul J. Bonoan, S.J. and James A. O’Donnell, S.J. (Budhi Papers no. 9, Ateneo de Manila University, 1988), 29-50; 51-56. 8. For a brief background on these personalities, see Filipinos in history (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1989). For a comprehensive study on three of these figures, see Resil B. Mojares, Pedro Paterno, T. H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes and the production of modern knowledge (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2006). 9. La Solidaridad, parts 1-3, 2 (35-37) (July 15-August 15, 1890). 10. El progreso de Filipinas: Estudios economicos, administrativos y politicos. Parte economica (Madrid: Imprenta de la Viuda de J.M. Perez, 1881). 11. See Resil B. Mojares, “Early ‘Asianism’ in the Philippines,” Ideya: Journal of the Humanities 11 (1) 2009: 1-8. 12. Antonio Morga, Sucesos de la islas Filipinas (Obra publicada en Mejico el año de 1609 nuevamente sacada a luz y anotada por Jose Rizal y precedida de un prologo del Fernando Blumentritt (Paris: Libreria de Garnier Hermanos, 1890). 13. La antigua civilizacion Tagalog (Apuntes) (Madrid: Tipografia de Miguel G. Hernandez, 1887). 14. El folklore Filipino (Manila: Imprenta de Santa Cruz, 1889). 10
Erwin Soriano Fernandez: Decolonising Our Universities 15. Cesar Adib Majul, The political and constitutional ideas of the Philippine revolution (Quezon City: University of the Philippines, 1996), 89. 16. Teodoro Agoncillo, Malolos: The crisis of the republic (Quezon City: University of the Philippines, 1960), 254-255. See also “Universidad Literaria de Filipinas,” Manila Bulletin, 19 October 2007. 17. Mario E. Orosa, The Philippine pensionado story in http://www.orosa.org/The%20Philippine%20Pensionado%20Story,%204%20Feb.%2007.pdf [Accessed 4 May 2011]. See also Noel V. Teodoro, “Pensionado at manggagawa: Mga Pilipino sa Estados Unidos” Mga eksilo, inang bayan, at panlipunang pagbabago (Lungsod Quezon: University of the Philippines, Center for Integrative and Development Studies, 1999), 187-214. 18. See Eliseo Quirino and Vicente M. Hilario, ed., Thinking for ourselves: A collection of representative Filipino essays (Manila: Oriental Commercial, 1924); Camilo Osias, The Filipino way of life: The pluralized philosophy (Boston: Ginn, 1940). 19. See Joseph R. Hayden, The Philippines: A study in national development (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1955). 20. Virginia A. Miralao, “The Philippine social sciences in balance: Reflections at the close of the century,” The Philippine social sciences in the life of the nation, Vol. 1: The history and development of social science disciplines in the Philippines, Virginia A. Miralao, ed. (Quezon City: National Academy of the Philippines and Philippine Social Science Council, 1999), 348- 354. 21. For a biographical account on Recto, see Renato Constantino, The making of a Filipino: A story of Philippine colonial politics (Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969). 22. Gloria D. Feliciano, “The limits of Western social research methods in rural Philippines: The need for innovation,” Lipunan 1 (1) 1965: 114-127; F. Landa Jocano, “Rethinking Filipino cultural heritage,” Lipunan 1 (1) 1965: 53-72. 23. Movement for the Advancement of Nationalism: Basic documents and speeches of the founding congress (Quezon City: MAN, 1967); Ninotchka Rosca, “Whatever happened to the UP Americanization charge” Graphic, 26 March 1969, 14-15. 24. See Renato Constantino, The Filipinos in the Philippines and other essays (Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1966). On Filipino point of view in Philippine history, see Leon Ma. Guerrero, “The passion and death of the USAFFE,” EN (April 9, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30; May 1, 2, 3, 1947) and Teodoro Agoncillo, Philippine history (Manila: Inang Wika Pub., 1962) and the subsequent editions of History of the Filipino people by Agoncillo and his coauthors. 25. Carolyn I. Sobritchea, “Reflections on the development of Philippine studies in the Philippines: The U.P. Asian Center experience,” Asian studies 38 (1) 2002, 99-107. 26. Rogelia Pe-Pua and Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino, “Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology): A legacy of Virgilio G. Enriquez,” Asian Journal of Social Psychology (2000) 3, 50; Zeus A. Salazar, “‘Philippine Studies’ and ‘Pilipinolohiya’: Past, present and future of two heuristic views in the study of the Philippines,” The Malayan Connection: Ang Pilipinas sa Dunia Melayu, Zeus A. Salazar (Quezon City: Palimbagan ng Lahi, [1991] 1998). I want to thank Mr. Atoy Navarro of the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino for sending me a number of articles related to Philippine indigenization. 27. Frank Lynch, ed., Four readings on Philippine values, IPC Papers no. 2 (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University, 1961); Epifanio San Juan Jr., “Sikolohiyang Filipino, sikolohiyang rebolusyonaryo,” Malay 13 (1995-1996), 131. 11
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