Sanyo Nickel-Metal Hydride Rechargeable Batteries - Master ...

Sanyo Nickel-Metal Hydride
Rechargeable Batteries
URL http://www.sanyo.co.jp/energy/
SEB-044

Twicell Batteries Handling Precautions
Carefully read this instruction manual before using Twicell batteries for the first time.
Important:For your safety and that of your customers observe all cautionary information provided in
this manual. Save this manual for future reference. The following information is intended to highlight
potential safety hazards that can be associated with the misuse, misapplication or damage to Twicell
batteries. Please carefully evaluate the information in this section when using Twicell batteries (single
cell or packed cells) or when using or manufacturing equipment incorporating Twicell batteries.
This manual is no substitute for your independent evaluation of equipment incorporating Twicell batteries.
Customers incorporating Twicell batteries into their equipment must assure that their completed
product has been properly designed, manufactured and tested. End users of equipment incorporating
Twicell batteries should also be provided with sufficient warnings and instructions on their safe operation.
As appropriate, some or all of the following warnings and information should be incorporated by
you into the instruction manual accompanying your equipment.
1
DANGER!
Failure to carefully observe the following procedures
and precautions can result in leakage of battery
fluid (electrolyte), heat generation, bursting,
fire and serious personal injury!
Never dispose of Twicell batteries in a fire or heat
them.
Doing so may melt the insulation, damage the gas
release vents or protective devices, ignite hydrogen
gas, cause leakage of battery fluid (electrolyte),
heat generation, bursting and fire.
Do not connect the (positive) and (negative)
terminals of Twicell batteries together with electrically
conductive materials, including lead wires. Do
not transport or store Twicell batteries with their
uncovered terminals or connected with a metal
necklace or other conductive material. Doing so
may short circuit a battery, which would result in
excessive current flow and possibly cause leakage
of battery fluid, heat generation, bursting and fire.
When carrying or storing batteries, use a special
case.
Only charge Twicell batteries using those specific
chargers that satisfy Sanyo's specifications. Only
charge batteries under the conditions specified by
Sanyo. Failure to follow proper charging procedures
may cause excessive current flow, loss of
control during charging, leakage of battery fluid,
heat generation, bursting and fire.
Never disassemble Twicell batteries. Doing so
may cause an internal or external short circuit or
result in exposed material of battery reacting
chemically with the air. It may also cause heat
generation, bursting and fire. Also, this is dangerous
as it may cause splashing of alkaline fluid.
Never modify or reconstruct Twicell batteries.
Protective devices to prevent danger are built into
batteries(single cell or packed cells). If these are
damaged, excessive current flow may cause loss
of control during charging or discharging of the battery,
leakage of battery fluid, heat generation,
bursting and fire.
Never solder lead wires directly on to Twicell batteries.
The heat of the soldering operation may melt the
insulation, damage the gas release vents or protective
devices, cause leakage of battery fluid, heat
generation, bursting and fire.
The (positive) and (negative) terminals of Twicell
batteries are predetermined. Do not force the
terminal connection to a charger or equipment. If
the terminals can not be easily connected to the
charger or equipment, check if the and terminals
are correctly positioned. If the terminals are
reversed, during charging the battery may be discharged
rather than charged. Furthermore, reversed
connections may cause abnormal chemical
reaction in the battery, the flow of abnormal currents,
leakage of battery fluid, heat generation,
bursting and fire.
The gas release vent which release internal gas is
located in the positive terminal of the Twicell battery.
For this reason, never deform this section or
cover or obstruct its gas release structure. If this
section is deformed or covered or obstructed, the
gas release vent will not function properly, possibly
causing leakage of battery fluid, heat generation,
bursting and fire.
Do not directly connect Twicell batteries to a direct
power source or the cigarette lighter socket in
a car. High voltage may cause excessive current
flow, leakage of battery fluid, heat generation,
bursting and fire.
Do not use Twicell batteries in any equipment
other than those specified by Sanyo. Depending
on the equipment being used, doing so may cause
abnormal current flow, leakage of battery fluid,
heat generation, bursting and fire.
Twicell batteries contain the strong colorless alkaline
solution(electrolyte). The alkaline solution is
extremely corrosive and will cause skin damage. If
any fluid from Twicell battery comes in contact with
a user's eyes, they should immediately flush their
eyes and wash them thoroughly with clean water
enough from the tap or another source and consult
a doctor urgently. The strong alkaline solution can
damage eyes and lead to permanent loss of eyesight.
When Twicell batteries are to be incorporated in
equipment or housed within a case, avoid air-tight
structures as this may lead to the equipment or
case being damaged or may be harmful to users.
WARNING!
Do not apply water, seawater or other oxidizing
reagents to Twicell batteries, as this can cause rust
and heat generation. If a battery becomes rusted,
the gas release vent may no longer operate, and
can result in bursting.
Do not connect more than 21 Twicell batteries in
series, as this may cause electrical shocks, leakage
of battery fluid and heat generation.
Keep Twicell batteries or the equipment out of
the reach of babies and small children, in order to
avoid them to swallow batteries. In the event the
batteries are swallowed, consult a doctor immediately.
Do not charge or use Twicell batteries with the
and terminals reversed. Charging batteries with
the terminals reversed may discharge rather than
charge the batteries, or it may cause abnormal
chemical reaction in the batteries. Using batteries
with the terminals reversed may discharge with of
abnormal current, leakage of battery fluid, heat
generation, bursting and fire.
Do not over-charge Twicell batteries by exceeding
the predetermined charging period specified by
the battery charger's instructions or indicator. If
Twicell batteries are not fully charged after the battery
charger's predetermined charging period has
elapsed, stop the charging process. Prolonged
charging may cause leakage of battery fluid, heat
generation, bursting. Be sure to handle recharged
batteries carefully as they may be hot.
Do not remove the outer tube from a battery or
damage it. Doing so will expose the battery to the
risk of a short circuit, and may cause leakage of
battery fluid, heat generation, bursting and fire.
If Twicell batteries leak fluid, change color,
change shape, or change in any other way, do not
use them, otherwise they may cause heat generation,
bursting and fire.
Twicell batteries contain the strong colorless alkaline
solution(electrolyte). If the skin or clothing
comes in contact with fluid from Twicell battery,
thoroughly wash the area immediately with clean
water from the tap or another source. Battery fluid
can irritate the skin.
When the operating time of a Twicell battery becomes
much shorter than its initial operating time
even after recharged, it should be replaced to a
new battery as its battery life has ended.
CAUTION!
Do not strike or drop Twicell batteries. Sharp impacts
or concussions to Twicell batteries may
cause leakage of battery fluid, heat generation,
bursting and fire.
Store Twicell batteries out of the reach of babies
and small children. When charging or using a battery,
do not let babies or small children remove the
battery from the charger or the equipment being
used.
Children should not use Twicell batteries unless
they have been carefully instructed on the contents
of this instruction manual and their parents or guardians
have confirmed that the children understand
and appreciate the proper usage and safety hazards
presented by the batteries.
Be sure to charge Twicell batteries within a temperature
range of 0 to 40 o C(degrees Celsius).
When used at temperatures outside this range(0 to
40 o C) the batteries may cause leakage of battery
fluid or heat generation. It could also impair performance
or shorten service life of Twicell batteries.
Do not charge Twicell battery when it has been
cooled to 0 o C or below. Doing so may cause leakage
of battery fluid, impair performance or shorten
operating life of Twicell batteries.
Do not use or store battery at high temperature,
such as in strong direct sunlight, in cars during hot
weather, or directly in front of a heater. This may
cause leakage of battery fluid. It could also impair
performance and shorten operating life of Twicell
batteries.
Do not use old and new batteries mixed together,
or batteries at different charge levels. Do not use
the Twicell battery mixed together with a dry cell or
other battery of different capacity, type, or brand
name. This may cause leakage of battery fluid and
heat generation.
When more than two batteries are to be used together,
charge them simultaneously prior to use. If
they are not charged at the same time, it could
cause leakage of battery fluid and heat generation.
Do not connect Twicell batteries in parallel as
this may cause leakage of battery fluid, heat generation,
bursting and fire.
For the recommended charging method for Twicell
batteries, read the battery charger's instruction
manual carefully.
If Twicell batteries do not perform or function well
with certain equipment, refer to the instruction
manual or warnings of the subject equipment.
Do not charge Twicell batteries beyond the recommended
time described in the instruction manual
for charger or equipment. Over charging cause
leakage of battery fluid, heat generation, bursting
and fire. It could also impair performance and
shorten service life of Twicell batteries.
After long term storage, there is a possibility that
the battery could not be fully charged. In order to
fully charge it, charge and discharge the battery for
a few times.
Be sure to turn off the equipment after use of
Twicell batteries, as this may result in leakage of
battery fluid.
After they have been removed from equipment,
store Twicell batteries in a dry place and within the
recommended storage temperature range. This
will help preserve the batteries' performance and
durability and to minimize the possibility of leakage
of battery fluid or corrosion. (For the indicated storage
temperature range, refer to the rating table of
this catalog. Sanyo recommends a temperature
range from -20 to 30 o C for longer service life).
Before using the Twicell, be sure to read the operation
manual and all precautions carefully, then
store the manual and precautions carefully to use
as reference when the need arises. If you have
specific questions about the operation manual or
the precautions, contact Sanyo at the location listed
on the last page of this manual.
If corrosion, heat generation or other abnormalities
with new Twicell batteries are detected. Immediately
stop using them and return them to the
store that they were purchased from.
If the Twicell battery terminals become dirty,
clean them with a soft dry cloth prior to use. Dirt
on the terminals can result in poor contact with the
equipment, loss of power, or inability to charge.

The name "Twicell" derives from that it can be used for approximately twice as long as our standard Cadnica
(Nickel-Cadmium) battery after one charging.
-High Capacity, Quick Charging, Greater Reliability-
Twicell Provides Powerful Support for High-Tech Equipment.
SANYO named its high-performance nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries "Twicell", a name to suggest their outstanding
characteristics. Twicell batteries last twice as long as SANYO's standard Cadnica [nickel-cadmium] batteries from a single charging cycle.
In 1990, SANYO began the mass-production of Twicell batteries. Now Twicell batteries are one of the keys for the downsizing and
advanced functions of high-tech equipment.
Twicell batteries use a positive electrode made of a nickel oxide compound and a negative electrode made of a hydrogen absorbing alloy.
These sophisticated materials combine with SANYO's proprietary technology to ensure unbeatably high performance and dependability. As
a result, Twicell batteries have been a top seller right from the start. And now an extended Twicell line accommodates a broader range of
applications.
Rapid Charging Capability
When a specifically designed charger is used, Twicell
batteries can be charged in only 1.1 hours . A charge
control module is also available.
Needs special charge control circuit.
High Capacity
SANYO's pursuit of higher capacity has increased
Twicell capacity up nearly twice as high as standard
Cadnica batteries, meaning Twicell batteries work much
longer. This performance makes Twicell an effective
power source for many kinds of high-tech equipment.
High Reliability
SANYO's advanced manufacturing technology and strict
quality control are the secrets behind the outstanding
reliability of Twicell.
2

High Cost Performance, Stable Discharge Voltage
Powerful Twicell
Principle of the Nickel-Metal Hydride
Battery
The nickel-metal hydride battery makes electrochemical use
of the reversibility of the hydrogen absorption/release
reaction in the hydrogen absorbing alloy. The battery uses a
nickel oxide compound for the positive electrode, a hydrogen
absorbing alloy for the negative electrode, and an aqueous
alkaline solution for the electrolyte, which includes such
constituents as potassium hydroxide (KOH). During
charging, the electrolytic reaction of water causes the
hydrogen, which forms in atomic form on the surface of the
hydorgen absorbing alloy in the negative electrode, to
diffuse into and be absorbed by the alloy (charge reaction).
During discharge, the absorbed hydrogen reacts with
hydroxide ions at the surface of the hydrogen absorbing
alloy to once again become water (discharge reaction). In
other words, the active material of the negative electrode
reaction is hydrogen, and the hydrogen absorbing alloy acts
as a storage medium for the active material. Sanyo has
developed a hydrogen absorbing alloy, which absorbs a
large quantity of hydrogen at low pressure and which can
also release it. Sanyo employs this alloy in the Twicell.
Features of Twicell Batteries
Extended service life and superior economy
Despite discharge capacity that is virtually equal to that of
conventional dry cells, Sanyo Twicell batteries feature
minimal internal resistance and exhibit excellent discharge
characteristics under high-rate discharge current conditions.
With output power much higher than that of dry cells. In
addition, even though the batteries are stored for a long time,
the original capacity is almost recovered by repeated
charging/discharging, offering excellent storage
characteristics.
Wide-ranging lineup and interchangeability with
dry cells
Customized assembled batteries tailored to specific
equipment space requirements are also available.
Excellent high-rate discharge performance and
overcharge/overdischarge capability
Sanyo's original electrode manufacturing process and current
collectors minimize internal resistance, which in turn enables
high-rate discharging and guarantees stable discharge
voltage.
Structural Design
Positive terminal
(with built-in gas release vent)
Cover plate
Gasket
Positive
current
collector
Casing
( negative
terminal)
Negative
current
collector
Spring
Seal plate
Rubber plate
Positive electrode
insulation washer
Separator
Negative electrode
Positive electrode
Improved reliability with wide operating
temperature and humidity ranges
In addition to displaying only minimal variation in performance
over a wide temperature range, their totally-sealed
construction gives Twicell batteries high resistance to
humidity. Sanyo Twicell batteries are manufactured under
strict quality control conditions, and undergo 100% inspection
before shipment. This assures superior reliability.
Simple to maintain and strong
The special sealed construction eliminates the need to
replenish the electrolyte, for easier maintenance. As Sanyo
Twicell batteries may be installed in any direction in
equipment, they are exceptionally easy to handle. Moreover,
Twicell batteries employ a rigid metal casing for superior
resistance to shock and vibration.
3

Twicell Line up
A broad range of Twicell is available. Twicell significantly contributes to the compact, lightweight, multi-function
and low-cost features of various portable equipment
High capacity Twicell
For communication equipment,
notebook computers, etc
High-rate discharge Twicell
For power tools, electric motor
applications, etc
Dry cell compatible Twicell
For digital cameras,
audio equipment, etc
High durability Twicell
For cordless phones, razors,
power back-up uses, etc
4

High Cost Performance,
High Energy Density
Features
High capacity
High capacity Twicell has shown the high energy density by using
newly developed materials and constitution. High capacity Twicell
can contribute to prolonging the running time of the equipment.
Rapid charging capability
When a specifically designed charger is used, Twicell batteries can
be charged in only 1.1 hours . A charge control module is also
available.
Needs special charge control circuit.
A broad range
A broad range of high capacity Twicell is available. High capacity
Twicell is ideal for more compact, efficient applications.
Use
For 2-way radios and other communication devices.
For notebook computers, etc.
High Capacity Twicell
Cylindrical type
Model No.
Voltage Minimum Capacity Quick-Charge Weight
1 2 Current(mA) Diameter(D) Height(H) (approx.g)
Notes
5
1 Typical capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours.
2 Minimum capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours. 3 Consult Sanyo according to conditions of use. 4 Including tube.

Superior Reliability
and Stable Characteristics
Features
Superior service life
High durability Twicell realizes superior service life than high
capacity Twicell at continuous low-rate charging and charge and
discharge cycles. High durability Twicell offers better performance
for cordless phones, power back-up uses, etc.
A powerful range
A broad range of high durability Twicell is available. High durability
Twicell is available for many applications.
Newly developed "T series" realizes higher durability than
conventional "C series" for emergency lights, etc.
Use
T series : For emergency lights, power back-up uses, etc.
C series : For cordless phones, razors, power back-up uses, etc.
Cylindrical type
Model No.
Voltage Minimum Capacity Quick-Charge Weight
High Durability Twicell
1 2 Current(mA) Diameter(D) Height(H) (approx.g)
Model No.
1 2 Current(mA) Diameter(D) Height(H) (approx.g)
Voltage Minimum Capacity Quick-Charge Weight
Notes
Notes
1 Typical capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours. 2 Minimum capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours.
3 Consult Sanyo according to conditions of use. 4 Including tube. 5 With paper tube. Other cells are with heat shrink tube.
6

Stable Discharge Voltage
at High-rate Discharge
High-rate Discharge Twicell
Features
Superior high-rate discharge characteristics
Sanyo's original electrode manufacturing process and current
collectors minimize internal resistance, which in turn enables highrate
discharging and guarantees stable discharge voltage.
Improved reliability with wide operating temperature
In addition to displaying only minimal variation in performance over
a wide temperature range.
A powerful range
High-rate discharge Twicell consists of wide variation. It enables to
be used many applications.
Use
For power tools, cordless cleaners, electric motor applications,
power back-up uses, etc.
Cylindrical type
Model No.
Voltage Minimum Capacity Quick-Charge Weight
1 2 Current(mA) Diameter(D) Height(H) (approx.g)
Notes
7
1 Typical capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours. 2 Minimum capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours.
3 Consult Sanyo according to conditions of use. 4 Including tube. 5 With paper tube. Other cells are with heat shrink tube.

Dry Cell Compatible Twicell
High Capacity and Convenience
Features
Dry cell compatible shape
Dry cell compatible Twicell can be used for most of equipment
using AA and AAA size dry cells.
Top level capacity in retail use rechargeable battery.
The equipment which need the high capacity like the digital camera
is suitable.
Long charge/dischargecycle life as well as offering
outstanding economy
Twicell can reduce waste (the amount of used batteries) than that
of dry cell.
A powerful range
with low self-discharge and high discharge voltage is
developed.
Use
Portable charger which can charge
AA/AAA size batteries at a time quickly
and have auto voltage function for
AC100V-240V
The charger for
Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries
NC-MQR02N
Features
NC-MQR02N can charge AA/AAA size Nickel-Metal Hydride
batteries at a time.
AA size Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries (HR-3U, Typ.2700mAh type)
: approx. 305min.(four batteries), approx.135min.(two batteries)
AAA size Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries (HR-4U, Typ.1000mAh type)
: approx. 205min.(two batteries)
Newly developed control systems prevent the battery
from overcharging and charging error.
Newly developed peak detection and pulse control systems prevent the
battery from overcharging and charging error. And the light informs the
charging status.
Light weight and compact design.
NC-MQR02N is handy to carry. Weight : approx.95g (except the batteries),
Thickness : 27.5mm. And they have the storage space of plug.
For digital cameras, PDA and audio equipment, remort controller,
clock, etc.
Cylindrical type
Model No.
Voltage Minimum Capacity Quick-Charge Weight
1 2 Current(mA) Diameter(D) Height(H) (approx.g)
Notes
1 Typical capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours. 2 Minimum capacity when a single cell is discharged at 0.2It after being charged at 0.1It for 16 hours.
3 Consult Sanyo according to conditions of use. 4 Including tube.
8

Types and Applications of Twicell Batteries
Application
Radio Cassette Recorder
Radio
Audio
Head Set Stereo
Mini Disc
Wireless Microphone
Camcorder
Camera
AF Camera
Digital Camera
Remote controller
Remote controller
Notebook Computer
Mini-Notebook Computer, PDA
Potable Printer
Information
Organizer, Calculator
Data Entry
2 Way Radio
Cordless Phone
Communication
Mobile Phone
DECT Phone
Electric Razor
Home Appliance
Vacuum Cleaner
Power Tool
Power Tool
Fire Alarm
Emergency
Emergency lights
Emergency Communicator
Photographic Lighting Equipment
Light
Light
Remote Control Toys
Toy
Game Machine
Medical
Medical Equipment
Construction
Solar-powered Equipment
Transport
Power Assisted Bicycles or Vehicles
Dry Cell-applied Products
Others
Robots, Uninterrupted Power Systems (UPS)
Measuring Instrument
Typical applications are shown in the table. For other purposes, consult Sanyo.
Precautions for Incorporating Assembled Batteries
When batteries are used at high temperature, their
charge efficiency decreases and degradation of their
performance and material properties is accelerated.
To prevent this, keep the battery away from heat
generating parts such as in transformers, and
attempt to improve the heat diffusion of equipment
and battery.
Reverse charging of battery may cause leakage of
electrolyte (strong alkaline aqueous solution), thus
calling for alkaline-resistant materials in the
periphery of the battery. Together with the
electrolyte, oxygen or hydrogen gas may leak.
During design, measures must be incorporated to
prevent combustion. which may be caused by
sparks from motors or switches.
Avoid contact-type connections such as those
employing a spring, as an oxidized coating will form
on the contact surface after prolonged periods of
use, leading to possible improper contact. If a
contact-type connection is used, remove the battery
and wipe the contact with a cloth every few months
to improve conductivity.
Select the material for the connection plate that has
excellent resistance to alkaline. The materials that
contain copper may cause a trouble like rust.
Avoid direct attachment to a printed board, as
leakage will corrode the board. If direct attachment
is necessary, please consult with Sanyo
representative.
10

Certified by ISO 9000S
SANYO Electric Group has received
Environmental Management System ISO
14001 certification.
USA
SANYO Energy (USA) Corporation
TEL :(+1)469-362-5600
FAX:(+1)469-362-5699
New Jersey Office
TEL :(+1)973-256-8923
FAX:(+1)973-256-8375
Florida Office
TEL :(+1)352-376-6711
FAX:(+1)352-376-6772
CANADA
SANYO Canada Inc.
TEL :(+1)905-760-9944
FAX:(+1)905-760-9945
EUROPE
SANYO Component Europe GmbH
TEL :(+49)89-4600950
FAX:(+49)89-460095190
France Office
TEL :(+33)1-4131-8484
FAX:(+33)1-4131-8485
UK Office
TEL :(+44)1923-477479
FAX:(+44)1923-246363
ASIA
SANYO Energy (HK) Company Ltd.
TEL :(+852)2301-2213
FAX:(+852)2301-2191
SANYO Energy (Taiwan) Company Ltd.
TEL :(+886)2-8780-8810
FAX:(+886)2-8780-8850
SANYO Energy (Singapore)
Corporation Pte., Ltd.
TEL :(+65)6736-3100
FAX:(+65)6736-1230
AUSTRALIA
SANYO Oceania Pty. Ltd.
TEL :(+61)2-8825-2822
FAX:(+61)2-9678-9381
SANYO Electric Co., Ltd.
POWER GROUP
Mobile Energy Company
Factory, Sales
Sumoto-city, Hyogo, Japan
TEL:(+81)799-24-4111
FAX:(+81)799-24-4123
For more detailed information, contact the above:
Any and all information described or contained this
brochure are subject to change without notice due to
product / technology improvement, etc.
This brochure was printed on recycle paper.
Printed in Japan 2007.10. 6,000