PDF version - Maison Franco-Japonaise
PDF version - Maison Franco-Japonaise
PDF version - Maison Franco-Japonaise
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Methodology<br />
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Income before tax (wages & bonuses; business, farm & self-employed<br />
incomes; interest, dividends & rents, but exclude capital gains).<br />
Top income groups (10%, 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%) defined relative to total<br />
number of adults.<br />
Top 1% income share<br />
= incomes accrued to top 1% income earners / total personal income.<br />
Due to high level of income tax exemption before 1940, less than 5% of<br />
adults filed income tax returns in Japan.<br />
"Reported income" subject to tax evasion & avoidance.<br />
Due to numerous tax reforms and revisions, need careful adjustments<br />
to create homogenous series.<br />
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