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Are There Other Diseases That Could Be Mistaken For Canine Herpes Virus There are a few common infectious diseases that can be mistaken for herpes deaths in puppies. Canine brucellosis and overwhelming bacterial infections (septicemia) are two that need to be ruled out. Accidents and inexperienced or distracted moms are also a common cause of puppy death. Also, some puppies have birth defects that lead to sudden early death. More rarely, the protozoan parasites, Neospora and Toxoplasma cause sudden puppy death. Fatal puppy infections with the canine adenovirus, corona virus and the MVC virus have also been encountered but this is rare. How Did My Dog Catch Canine Herpes Virus Most likely, your dog was exposed to the herpes virus at a kennel, groomer, dog show or animal shelter - any place where large numbers of dogs gather at one time. It did not catch the virus from just passing through these areas - it sniffed or inhaled secretions from another infected dog. Although it is possible that your dog contracted the virus while being bred, or artificially inseminated, that is not the way most cases occur. Is There Any Cure For Canine Herpes Virus In Adult Dogs Once a dog catches canine herpes virus, they are never completely free of it again. Most dogs that become infected, go through a mild initial upper respiratory tract illness that lasts a week or two and then are never visibly sick again. But the CHV-1 virus is very well adapted to dogs. Instead of being completely destroyed by your dog's immune system, some of the virus enter cells within the pet's nerve centers (trigeminal & lumbosacral ganglia, etc.) and live there in a state of suspended animation forever. In this state, they do no harm. In this state, the dog can not spread the disease. In this state, all laboratory tests for the presence of the virus or antibody against it may be negative. But the virus is still there. And, in a few dogs, it will reappear in its infective state when the dog's immune system is stressed. If you would like to understand this phenomenon better, read about how herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1 & 2) affect humans. The human and the dog herpes viruses are very similar in how they behave once they have gained access to the body. However, many more resources have been invested in understanding the human herpes virus than the dog herpes virus. What About Vaccination The Merial Pharmaceutical Company has developed a vaccine that boosts immunity to canine herpes virus for about 60 days and makes it less likely that a bitch will be shedding virus during pregnancy, delivery and nursing. It also makes it more likely that the bitch will pass on her herpesimmunity to her puppies through her first milk (colostrum). This vaccine is called Eurican Herpes 205. It appears to be quite effective. However, although it is available in Europe and pehaps elsewhere, is not yet marketed in the United States. The first injection is given when the bitch is bred. The second is given 6-7 weeks later. The process must be repeated every time the dog is bred since the immunity it gives is temporary. It is a good insurance in first-time breeders and repeat problem breeders. Breeders have asked me when this vaccine will be available in the US. I have not been successful in obtaining this information from Merial. The policy of this Georgia-based company is to release as little information as possible as to their marketing plans. The only person I know of that could answer this question is Dr. Herve Poulet, the veterinarian who developed it. How Can I Sanitize Against The Virus Herpes is not a tough virus like parvo. Canine herpes virus is quickly killed by most common household disinfectants. Temperature over 104 F kills the virus as does exposure to bright sunlight. At dog shows and other community areas with many dogs, keep paper towels and a spray bottle of dilute antiseptic close at hand. Disinfect your hands before touching other dogs or allowing your dog to be handled by others. Good disinfectants for herpes, listed in order of effectiveness are 70% isopropyl alcohol mixed 50-50 with water, 0.5% Lysol, Listerine mixed 50-50 with water and household bleach diluted 7 tablespoons-full in 1 quart of water (2000ppm). Keep your dog on a short lead. Keep its head up and do not let it sniff the floor and objects. Spray and wipe off it paws with alcohol. Do not share items, food or water between dogs. Spray and wipe down kennels before between animals. Keep your dogs as isolated from other dogs as possible. How Can I Prevent Another Litter of Sick Puppies The most common scenario is that bitches that loose a litter to canine herpes virus go on to deliver normal litters. This is because these females eventually clear their bloodstream of virus leaving only the non-infective, dormant virus in portions of their nervous system. When this does not happen, the bitch's general health needs to be examined for things that are interfering with her immune system. This could be chronic, stressful environment, poor nutrition, crowding, poor sanitation, or a chronic disease of some other type. Shipping and boarding can also be enough to relapse these dogs. The thyroid hormone level (T-4) needs to be determined in older (5yrs+) breeders. There is mixed info on whether corticosteroid drugs play a part in relapse.
Isolation and quarantine of bitches from three weeks before they are bred until three weeks after they are bred can be helpful. Given their own private setting, individual care, and TLC, they are less likely to start shedding the virus again. If they are still free of the virus at breeding age, they will more likely stay that way when they are isolated. When the puppies arrive, maintain them in clean, warm, well-ventilated areas away from the other dogs. Maintain a routine de worming and external parasite program. Do not over-breed your bitches. Should I Breed My Female Dog Again Yes, If there were good reasons for you to breed your dog before you learned that it harbored the CHV-1 virus, there is no reason not to breed her again. Wait a year, build your dog's health up and breed her again to a different stud. If the second litter is still a problem litter, retire the breeder. What is Eurican Herpes 205 Eurican Herpes 205 is a powder and solvent that is made into an emulsion for injection. Eurican Herpes 205 contains the active substance canine herpes virus (F205 strain) antigens in a dose of 0.3 to 1.75 μg. What is Eurican Herpes 205 used for Eurican Herpes 205 is used to immunise pregnant bitches to prevent mortality, clinical signs and lesions in puppies caused by canine herpes virus infections acquired in the first few days of life. Eurican Herpes 205 is given as two 1 ml subcutaneous (under the skin) doses. The first injection is given either when the bitch is on heat or 7 –10 days after the date of mating. The second injection is given 1 to 2 weeks before the expected date of whelping. The bitch should be revaccinated in the same way during each pregnancy. How does Eurican Herpes 205 work Eurican Herpes 205 contains small amounts of canine herpes virus antigens. When injected, this small exposure helps the dog’s immune system to synthesize antibodies against the canine herpes virus and to neutralize it. Once vaccinated, bitches will, through colostrum, give those antibodies to puppies. When exposed to canine herpes virus later in life, the puppies will either not become infected or have a much less serious infection. Eurican Herpes 205 is intended to protect the puppies from this infection during the first few days of life. How has the effectiveness of Eurican Herpes 205 been studied Eurican Herpes 205 has been studied in three laboratory studies and two field trials. In one field trial the serological response (antibody production) was measured. In the other, a study was made of the effect of vaccination on the ability of bitches to breed in an infected kennel. The first laboratory study tested the dose needed to provide protection. The second study was carried out to show the protection of puppies from vaccinated bitches from canine herpe svirus. Here Eurican Herpes 205 was compared with no vaccination (controls). The last one has demonstrating that induction of antibodies is equivalent when bitches are vaccinated the day of heat or 7-10 days after mating. in relapse. What benefit has Eurican Herpes 205 shown during the studies Eurican Herpes 205 showed good protection from canine herpes virus. In the study to show the protection of puppies (from vaccinated bitches) from canine herpes virus, over 80% of the pups from the vaccinated bitches survived. What are the side effects of Eurican Herpes 205 The injection of Eurican Herpes 205 may cause temporary oedema (fluid under the skin) at the injection site in up to 10% of animals. This side effect usually disappears within one week. Rarely, hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions may occur, which require treatment. What are the precautions for the person who gives the medicine or comes into contact with the animal Eurican Herpes 205 contains mineral oil. Accidental injection may cause severe pain and swelling, particularly if injected into a joint or finger – rarely causing the loss of a finger. If someone is accidentally injected with this product, they must seek immediate medical advice even if only a very small amount is injected. The Package Leaflet should be taken to the doctor. If pain persists for more than 12 hours after medical examination, the doctor should be contacted again. Why has Eurican Herpes 205 been approved The Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) agreed that the benefits of Eurican Herpes 205 are greater than any risks to immunise healthy bitches against canine herpes virus. They recommended that Eurican Herpes 205 should be given a marketing authorisation. The benefitrisk balance may be found in module 6 of this EPAR.
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