Lesson 3: XHTML Coding Objectives: Demonstrate knowledge of ...

Paragraph formatting and block-level elements
There are two types of elements:
o A block-level element is an element that affects one or more paragraphs.
o Text-level elements can affect a single character or a word.
There are two types of breaks:
o Paragraph breaks – a paragraph break is the most basic block-level
element. The opening and closing paragraph tags define the
beginning and end of a paragraph.
o Line breaks – a line break is a text-level element. The line break tag
does not need a separate closing tag.
Heading Levels
There are six Heading levels, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6.
H1 is the largest heading and H6 is the smallest.
Heading sizes are relative. H4 is the size of normal paragraph text.
Heading levels are block elements, so they are automatically preceded and followed
by a paragraph break.
You should not place heading tags between a set of paragraph tags.
Tag nesting in markup
Most often multiple sets of tags will be used to format test. To do this you will have
to place one pair of tags inside of another pair of tags, this is called nesting.
Proper nesting requires that open and close one tag within another.
Proper nesting:
o … …
Alignment
Primitive formatting with the tag
o The tag allows you to display plain text files in their original
format.
o This is an easy way to display tabular data
Indenting and Centering
o Text is automatically left aligned in XHTML.
o You can center or right align a paragraph using the tag.
This text is centered
o You can also use the align attribute in the paragraph tag to center a
paragraph.
o You can use the tag to indent a paragraph.
Do not use the tag within the tag. Do not use
tags within the tag. Doing either of these will
cause your code not to validate.
Text-Level Elements
A text-level element can affect a single character or an entire page.
Basic text-level elements
o Bold tag and strong tag