Lesson 3: XHTML Coding Objectives: Demonstrate knowledge of ...

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Paragraph formatting and block-level elements There are two types of elements: o A block-level element is an element that affects one or more paragraphs. o Text-level elements can affect a single character or a word. There are two types of breaks: o Paragraph breaks – a paragraph break is the most basic block-level element. The opening and closing paragraph tags define the beginning and end of a paragraph. o Line breaks – a line break is a text-level element. The line break tag does not need a separate closing tag. Heading Levels There are six Heading levels, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, and h6. H1 is the largest heading and H6 is the smallest. Heading sizes are relative. H4 is the size of normal paragraph text. Heading levels are block elements, so they are automatically preceded and followed by a paragraph break. You should not place heading tags between a set of paragraph tags. Tag nesting in markup Most often multiple sets of tags will be used to format test. To do this you will have to place one pair of tags inside of another pair of tags, this is called nesting. Proper nesting requires that open and close one tag within another. Proper nesting: o … … Alignment Primitive formatting with the tag o The tag allows you to display plain text files in their original format. o This is an easy way to display tabular data Indenting and Centering o Text is automatically left aligned in XHTML. o You can center or right align a paragraph using the tag. This text is centered o You can also use the align attribute in the paragraph tag to center a paragraph. o You can use the tag to indent a paragraph. Do not use the tag within the tag. Do not use tags within the tag. Doing either of these will cause your code not to validate. Text-Level Elements A text-level element can affect a single character or an entire page. Basic text-level elements o Bold tag and strong tag
• Both of these tags bold your text; however, you should use the strong tag because it is standard. o Italic tag and emphasis tag • Both of these tags italicize your text; however, you should use the emphasis tag because it is standard. o Underline tag • You should limit your use of the underline tag , because of the use of underlining hyperlinks. Lists There are two kinds of lists. o Ordered List • This type of list is numbered. • To create this list you would use the ordered list tag. • You place the list items between the opening and closing tags. • Coded ordered list: a b c o Unordered List • This is a bulleted list. • To create this list you would use the unordered list tag. • You place the list items between the opening and closing tags. • Coded ordered list: a b c A list item, is the tag that creates the parts of your list. It is recommended that you use an opening and a closing list item tag when creating your lists. Good Coding Practice and Comments Some coding techniques make it easier to find and make changes in code. Basically these techniques provide easier readability.
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Page 3 and 4: The DTD specifies the page’s prim
Page 5: HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 both requir

Lesson 3: XHTML Coding Objectives: Demonstrate knowledge of ...

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