The proposed Parc Regional de Belomotse - Frontier-publications ...

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Research Associate (Entomologist) UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Postgraduate Entomologist David Lees Alison Cameron UNIVERSITY OF ANTANANARIVO DEA Mammology student Research Assistants during the five phases of fieldwork were: Juliana Vonimanitra Rahantavololona Rasoma July-Sept 2001 Oct-Dec 2001 Jan-March 2002 Ross Adamson Rose Adams Geoff Allen Holly Baldwin Leo Barasi Kathryn Baskerville Marcus Barker Aaron Alexandra-Bloch Christopher Chapman Andrew Britton Noa Dychtwald Katie Foster Alastair Campbell Amanda Greenfield Steven Grzywacz Helen Dacre Patrick Griffiths Chris Hodgson Emily Fox Samantha Hanvey Rebecca Hughes Tony Kavanagh GeorgeLow Lara Hunt Sharon Ketley Ben Rayner Akiko Kumagae Jamil Khan Cat Simmons Charlotte Lawlor Emily Kilborn Lizzy Tennant Susan Loose Alwyn Mortimer James Thorburn Edward Morrison Tara O’Kelly Kate Wilkins Victoria Peaple Richard Wiltshire Anna Scaife April-June 2002 July-Sept 2002 Philip Bowles Janette Buckley Thomas Carr Emma Butterworth Charlotte Corke Karen Dawson Katie Francis Colin Higgins Deborah Hendson Charlotte Jones Katherine Howard Curstain Keltie Melvin Jarmin Katy Littler Sarah Taylor Michael Sanderson Helen Seyler vi
1. Introduction 1.1 Madagascar Madagascar is the fourth largest island in the world, with a surface area of approximately 587,000 sq km. The country stretches from 12º S, 50º E in the north to 26º S, 44º E in the south. A series of mountain ranges runs down the centre of the island from north to south, which creates a central highland plateau. To the east steep slopes fall towards the coast, whereas to the west the slopes are longer and gentler. Trade winds approaching the island from the Indian Ocean to the east bring rain that falls over the escarpment. The west coast lies in a rain shadow and receives very little rain. Monsoon rains approach the island from the north and their strength decreases towards the south. The north-eastern part of the island is therefore the wettest, receiving up to 4,000 mm rain per year, while the south-western part is the driest, with some areas receiving less than 300 mm per year. The highland plateau ranges between 750 and 1,350 metres above sea level (m a.s.l.) and the Tsaratanana massif in the north rises to 2,876 metres. Numerous rivers run from their sources in these highlands towards the coasts (Garbutt, 1999; Rogers, 2001). Due to the differences in altitude and latitude throughout the island, the climate varies both from area to area and throughout the year. In the central highlands the night temperature drops to near freezing point during the dry season, and in the north-east the day temperature often exceeds 40 º C. The variation in geography and climate creates a wide variety of habitats. The humid areas to the east are dominated by lowland and sub-montane evergreen rainforests. Grasslands stretch over the highland plateau and deciduous and dry forests dominate the western areas. Spiny forest and scrub thrive in the arid south. Along the coastal areas, marshlands, mangroves and coastal forests are common. These different habitats are home to a great diversity of plants and animals. Madagascar is classified amongst the top eight mega-diversity countries on Earth. It ranks amongst the top four of the world’s most threatened biodiversity hotspots, and contains exceptionally high levels of endemic species, many of which are classified as vulnerable or endangered (Myers et al, 2000). The flora of Madagascar shows very high levels of endemism. It has been estimated that over 96% of all trees and shrubs are endemic solely to Madagascar. This includes approximately 161 endemic genera (Schatz, 2001). Only one other country, Brazil, surpasses these figures. Over 95% of all plant species found in the dry forests of south and southwest Madagascar are regionally endemic; that is, they are not only endemic to Madagascar, they are also endemic to the dry southern eco-region. The high levels of endemism in Madagascar are not restricted to the flora. Over 45% of all bird species are endemic, including 5 endemic families and 35 endemic genera (Morris & Hawkins, 1998). The figure for reptiles is even higher, with 91% species endemism and 56% genus endemism. At present, nearly 350 reptile species are known. At least 230 different amphibian species have been identified, and over 99% of the species described are endemic to Madagascar and its offshore islands. This 1
Page 1 and 2: Frontier Madagascar Environmental R
Page 3 and 4: Suggested Technical Paper citation:
Page 5 and 6: Contents List of Figures List of Ta
Page 7 and 8: 10.1 Introduction 46 10.2 Methods 4
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures Figure 1: Figure 2:
Page 11 and 12: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report descr
Page 13: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This summary repor
Page 17 and 18: 1.3 Threats to Conservation The hig
Page 19 and 20: collected by the WWF-Madagascar Dry
Page 21 and 22: initiative. This regional departmen
Page 23 and 24: 3. The Study sites Work was carried
Page 25 and 26: The trapsites were positioned such
Page 27 and 28: 4. Plants 4.1 Introduction The Mala
Page 29 and 30: Table 3. The number and endemism of
Page 31 and 32: These results seem to show that the
Page 33 and 34: 5. Mammals 5.1 Introduction Mammals
Page 35 and 36: madagascariensis and the Barn Owl,
Page 37 and 38: 5.3.3 Observations, tracks and call
Page 39 and 40: Cheirogaleus medius, the Coquerel
Page 41 and 42: However, only two year-round trappi
Page 43 and 44: In many areas, species are hunted f
Page 45 and 46: 6.4 Discussion 6.4.1 Temporal varia
Page 47 and 48: 7.2 Methods Between May and August
Page 49 and 50: 7.4 Discussion 7.4.1 Comparison of
Page 51 and 52: threatened. Several species, includ
Page 53 and 54: Nine species were observed solely i
Page 55 and 56: 9.3 Results A total of fifty-five d
Page 57 and 58: areas, all of them were found in th
Page 59 and 60: 9.4.5 Range extensions and locality
Page 61 and 62: 10.2 Methods Amphibians were observ
Page 63 and 64: the associated riparian forest, the
Page 65 and 66:
knowledge, are linked solely to rip
Page 67 and 68:
11.2 Malaise Trapping 11.2.1 Introd
Page 69 and 70:
The genus Cerapachys is rarely foun
Page 71 and 72:
11.5 Molluscs and Millipedes 11.5.1
Page 73 and 74:
12. Resource use and Socio economic
Page 75 and 76:
12.3 Results 12.3.1 Biological dive
Page 77 and 78:
Reeds are collected from the shallo
Page 79 and 80:
egion’. The development of the re
Page 81 and 82:
oat or on foot. From the lake, the
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 10. The approximate position
Page 85 and 86:
the development of tourism and asso
Page 87 and 88:
References Billé, R. & Mermet, L.
Page 89 and 90:
Lundahl, S. L. L. & Olsson, A. 2000
Page 91 and 92:
Appendix 1. Trapsite (TS) Habitat D
Page 93 and 94:
Ground layer < 10 %, scrub layer 10
Page 95 and 96:
Appendix 2. Continued. FABACEAE Rob
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix 3. Numbers of individuals
Page 99 and 100:
Appendix 3. Continued. LOGANIACEAE
Page 101 and 102:
Appendix 4. Plant numbers and speci
Page 103 and 104:
Appendix 6. List of mammal species
Page 105 and 106:
Appendix 7. Continued. 42 Centropus
Page 107 and 108:
Appendix 9. List of reptile species
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 10. List of butterfly spec
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 11. Descriptions of Sugges
Page 113 and 114:
Ring-tailed lemurs and Verreaux’s
Page 115 and 116:
Hide 3 Surroundings - Located in ga
Page 117:
Appendix 13. Specimen identificatio
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