cdms-ii - CDMS Experiment - University of California, Berkeley

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2.2 The Ionization Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2.1 Measuring the Ionziation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.2.2 Poor Charge Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.2.3 Quenching and Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.3 Event Discrimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.3.1 Non-WIMP nuclear recoils - “Neutrons” . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.3.2 Bulk Electron Recoils - “Gammas” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.3.3 Surface Electron Recoils - “Betas” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3 Event Reconstruction 45 3.1 Reconstructing the Interaction Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.1.1 Parameters used for the Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.1.2 The 3-dimensional Position Coordinate . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.2 Position Dependence of the Detector Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 3.2.1 Risetime Discrimination and Position Variation . . . . . . . . 49 3.2.2 T c Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.2.3 Intrinsic variation of the phonon signal and degenerate pulse shape analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 4 The Phonon Lookup Table 55 4.1 The Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.1 Event Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.1.2 Linearizing the Energy Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.1.3 Averaging over nearest neighbors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 4.1.4 Applying the Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.2 The Lookup Table in Real Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.3 The Lookup Table and Soudan R118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 5 The CDMS II Soudan Installation 65 5.1 The Soudan Mine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 5.2 Cryogenics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 5.3 Shielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 xii
5.4 Electronics and Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.5 Online Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 6 The Deep Site Measurement: Soudan Run 118 75 6.1 Run Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6.2 Energy Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 6.2.1 Ionization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 6.2.2 Phonons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 6.3 Cut Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 6.4 Efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 6.5 Background Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 6.5.1 Neutrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 6.5.2 Photons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.5.3 Radioactive Betas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 6.6 Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 6.6.1 Stability of the Ionizaton and Recoil Calibrations . . . . . . . 90 6.6.2 Stability of the Cut Efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 6.7 Exposure and Expected Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 6.7.1 Calculating the Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 6.7.2 Calculating the Expected Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 7 Conclusion and Discussion 107 7.1 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 7.2 The Next Steps... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 7.2.1 CDMS II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 7.2.2 Beyond CDMS II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 7.3 Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 A Instructions and Code for Making Lookup Tables 115 A.1 Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 A.2 Code for Selecting Good Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 A.3 Code for Making the Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 xiii
Page 1 and 2: THE CRYOGENIC DARK MATTER SEARCH (C
Page 3: I certify that I have read this dis
Page 7 and 8: In loving memory of Helena Hsu. vii
Page 9: Acknowledgements It goes without sa
Page 14 and 15: A.4 Code for Some Useful Table Util
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132 BIBLIOGRAPHY [10] M. Tegmark et
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134 BIBLIOGRAPHY [33] M. W. Goodman
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136 BIBLIOGRAPHY [56] R. P. Welty a
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