domestication of allanblackia in sub-saharan africa report annual ...

DOMESTICATION OF ALLANBLACKIA IN
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
REPORT
ANNUAL ALLANBLACKIA PARTNERS MEETING
VENUE: FORESTRY RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF
GHANA, KUMASI, GHANA
11 th – 13 th NOVEMBER, 2008
Prepared by:
S. Owusu-Yeboah, D. A. Ofori & D. Alaazi
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EDITOR’S FOREWORD
Oil extraction from the seed of Allanblackia (AB) is being developed as an innovative
new agri-business in several countries in Africa, including Cameroon, DRC, Ghana,
Liberia, Nigeria and Tanzania. The key aims of this new business are to improve the
economic status of rural poor communities through cultivation and harvesting of the
Allanblackia and to improve diets globally by the provision of high quality food oil.
The oil from the Allanblackia seed is used to manufacture products like margarine,
soap and cosmetic products.
The Allanblackia initiative represents a major public-private partnership that involves
a very large number of stakeholders, beginning from smallholder farmers and local
community groups to international industrial and domestic consumers. Work on
Allanblackia, which began in earnest in 2002, consists of a diverse range of activities
including;
Sensitization and encouragement of farmers to participate in AB collection
and domestication
Range-wide germplasm collection, development of propagation methods and
gene conservation
Ecology, abundance and sustainable harvesting
Integration of AB in farming systems and Agroforestry development
Development of marketing networks and supply chain
Early in the Allanblackia initiative, the need for planting of the genus on farm and in
forest enrichments, rather than reliance on sourcing its oil solely from natural stands,
was identified as a crucial task. Recognizing this need, project partners made a
commitment to encourage domestication of the genus within smallholder agroforestry
systems. Together they have formed a public-private partnership to extract edible oil
from seeds of Allanblackia as well as promote its domestication to alleviate poverty
and its conservation in its range. This rural based enterprise would not only increase
livelihood opportunities for farmers but also ensures retention of trees on farms for
ecosystem functioning.
Although the market for AB is guaranteed by Unilever, AarhusKarlshamn (AAK) and
other players, the challenge has been to upscale production to meet this demand. In
response to high demand for AB nuts, a lot of skills and knowledge have already
been built up on this programme. On a yearly basis, the Partners of the Allanblackia
initiative meet to review progress but also to plan for the future, in terms of both
supply chain and domestication of the species.
The 2008 meeting in Ghana (Kumasi) was attended by 46 participants from various
organizations from nine different countries; namely Kenya, The Netherlands, U.K.,
Nigeria, Ghana, Tanzania, South Africa, Denmark and Cameroon. Presentations and
discussions were centered on supply chain, domestication and partnership building.
This report provides a summary of the proceedings and it is my hope that the
Partners will find it useful for further implementation of the Novella Project.
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Special thanks are due for Unilever, World Agroforestry Centre and CSIR-FORIG for
supporting the organization of this meeting.
D. A. Ofori
Coordinator, Novella Project
CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Editor’s foreword
Pages
i
1.0 Opening 4
2.0 Research on Allanblackia 4
3.0 Administration of Allanblackia Project 9
4.0 Supply Chain Updates by Countries 10
4.1 Supply chain in Ghana 10
4.2 Supply chain in Nigeria 12
4.3 Supply chain in Tanzania 13
5.0 Domestication Updates by Countries 15
5.1 The Allanblackia Partnership in Ghana 15
5.2 Domestication in Nigeria 16
5.3 Domestication in Ghana 19
5.4 Domestication in Cameroon 22
5.5 Domestication in Tanzania 22
5.6 Domestication of Allanblackia in Liberia 23
6.0 Field Visits 24
6.1 Domestication of Agroforestry Trees 24
6.2 Working Groups 25
6.2.1 Partnerships and fund raising 25
6.2.2
6.2.3
Domestication
supply chain group
27
29
6.2.3.1 Farmer Organisational and business skills improved 29
6.2.3.2 Supply Chain strengthened and made more sustainable 29
7.0 Questions/Comments/Discussions 30
Annex 1 Members of organizing committee 32
Annex 2 List and addresses of participants 33
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1.0 Opening
The Director of Forestry Research Institute of Ghana of the Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR-FORIG), Dr. Victor Agyeman, who chaired the function called the meeting to
order at 9.05 a.m. In his introductory remarks, he expressed satisfaction with the execution of
the Novella Project. He said that Allanblackia has the potential of providing additional income to
farmers, thereby helping to reduce poverty in African countries and bring economic growth and
biodiversity benefits to Africans. He welcomed participants to the meeting and urged them to
give off their best for fruitful deliberations.
Dr. Tony Simons of ICRAF, Kenya, led participants in introducing themselves and asked them
to state their expectations at the end of the workshop. The following are summary of the
expectations of the participants:
• “To gain broad knowledge on Allanblackia domestication.”
• “Improved Knowledge on processing of Allanblackia oil.”
• “To develop more uses for Allanblackia oil and to find out how best we could bring our
experiences together to improve the project.”
• “Expecting to know what has been achieved after the Cameroun meeting in 2007.”
• “Clarity on funding opportunities for Allanblackia development and promotion.”
• “Establish an effective information system for the project.”
• “Possibilities of incorporating Allanblackia in the Millennium Villages Project to reduce
poverty.”
• “Challenges faced by AB domestication and how they could be alleviated.”
• “Clear strategies and measures for sustainability of the project.”
• “Best practices in incorporating Allanblackia in Agroforestry system for poverty
alleviation.”
• “How best we could work together to make the project an effective tool for poverty
alleviation.”
2.0 Research on Allanblackia
Dr. T. Simons made a presentation on Tree domestication with special reference to
Allanblackia”. He said that the world’s research on Allanblackia started in December 2003.
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There were only 16 urls on Allanblackia in 2003 and today, there are over 340 urls on
Allanblackia.
He added that the problems being addressed on the propagation of Allanblackia include:
a) Low seed germination – the first comprehensive germination trial was started in early
2003 at FORIG and after 12 months less than 1% of seeds had germinated.
b) Uncertain sexuality of the species – the forest inventory assessments undertaken in
Ghana and Tanzania in 2002/3 indicated size class distributions but did not enumerate
the different sexes. Herbarium specimens and taxonomic accounts indicated its
dioecious behaviour but did not discuss sex ratios.
c) Long time to fruiting – fruits were being harvested from natural forests and on-farm
remnants and these were typically large and old (>30 years of age). Experience
suggests 12-15 years to first fruiting.
d) Dwindling natural populations – forest habitat conversion and removal of on-farm
trees were threatening some Allanblackia tree populations.
e) Uncertainty about planting density and niches – all trees on farms were forest
remnants and naturally regenerating wildings, and thus their distribution was semirandom.
Most trees occurred as persistent trees in fallows or as shade trees in cocoa
and tea fields.
f) Farmers’ inexperience in propagation of Allanblackia – farmer nurseries relied
largely on forest-germinated seedlings that were transplanted in nursery bags.
He made the following assumptions:
1. Vegetative propagules will offer the most reliable and earliest fruit production;
2. Sexual propagules may also be useful for rootstocks for grafting, for male trees and for
boundary planting;
3. Seed germination is on average 30% success rate;
4. Graft success is on average 70%;
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5. Rooted cuttings with vigorous material is on average 45% success rate;
6. Marcot success is on average 35%;
7. 70% of coppiced stumps will re-sprout, but only 30% of stumps will be operationally
harvestable;
8. Average annual harvest of cuttings per suitable coppiced stump is 150-200;
9. Allanblackia may not be grown in large plantations but an equivalent pure stand density
for rooted cuttings would be in the range of 400 – 600 trees per hectare (4m x 4m or 5m
x 5m);
10. Planting niches involve mainly small blocks, boundaries, contour planting, scattered
trees in crop land, and shade trees for lower canopy tree crops;
11. Vigorous seedlings planted at a time of adequate rain have 80% field survival;
12. Sexual propagules will on average first flower and fruit at about 10-12 years of age;
13. Vegetative propagules (with some vigour) will on average first flower and fruit at 3-5
years of age;
14. Vegetative propagated trees will take 7-8 years to reach maximum fruit production;
15. Vegetative propagated trees (clones) will produce on average 40 fruit in good years and
10 fruit in poor years;
16. Allanblackia is an alternate fruit bearer with 1-2 good years followed by one poor year;
17. Removal of Allanblackia seeds does not represent a large nutrient export from farmers
fields;
18. The rates of multiplication and production of various propagule types are amenable to
improvement through better management and genetic selection;
19. Oil yield and fatty acid profile are also amenable to genetic improvement;
He said at Yalpenda site, in Cameroon, the average weight of seeds per fruits ranged between
90 and 420 g. Fruits generally could be grouped into three namely, 3, 4 and 5 fruits giving a total
weight of 1 Kg respectively. He observed that there were tree-to-tree variations in seed weight
per fruit for A. floribunda trees and these varied widely between trees with significant
differences.
He said the approach to the domestication process includes the following:
a. Carry out well-documented germplasm collections
b. Investigate seed germination problems
c. Establish genebanks
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d. Establish trial nurseries
e. Determine the extent of genetic variation (conservation/selection)
f. Test varying vegetative propagation techniques (capture/multiplication)
g. Research on-farm test plantings
h. Provide technical backstopping
He said seedlings and clones could serve as planting materials; each of these giving male and
female populations. Male clones give pollinators whilst female clones grow to maturity to give
fruits but sometimes there is poor fruiting. Male seedlings could give pollinators and rootstock
for grafting female plants; female seedlings could also give rootstock for field grafting or grow to
maturity to give fruits but sometimes there is poor fruiting.
At the moment 150 trees have been studied in Ghana; 117 in Cameroon and 120 in Tanzania. It
has been reported that 500 fruits have been seen on one tree in Amani with a fruit weight of up
to 4.5 Kg.
The initial germination experiments revealed that seed germination takes a long time, starting at
about 7 months after sowing but germination time could be reduced by removal of testa before
sowing. Seeds with testa removed and sowed in bowls in green house generally had higher
germination than seeds sowed on nursery beds with intact testa. Seed germination method in
black plastic bags (Annorkrom method) showed that emergence could be observed after six
weeks if seeds were suspended in the black plastic bags for three weeks with optimum
humidity, gaseous environment and temperature.
He said that gene banks have also been established to evaluate genetic control (heritability), to
be used as a seed orchard, act as a conservation stand and to be used as a clonal selection
garden. The seedlings in the gene banks are doing very well, he said.
Village nurseries have also been established with mist propagators, constructed to provide local
farmers with seedlings for production of Allanblackia.
Vegetative propagation methods being used include stem and root cuttings, layering and
grafting/budding.
Rural Resource Centres (RRCs) serve as:
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• Source of Knowledge
• Skills training
• Demonstrations (nursery, field, mother block)
• Registration of collectors, farmers, buyers, nurseries,
• Source of germplasm
• Materials (bags, chemicals, equipment)
One RRC is expected to serve 10-30 satellite nurseries; 1 Satellite nursery to serve 20-50
farmers; 1 farmer is expected to grow 10-100 trees; 1 RRC is to serve 200-1500 farmers
(average of 800) and 1 RRC leads to growing of 2000 – 150,000 trees (average of 40,000).
A typical RRC consists of mother block area, fruit reception, processing and drying area,
propagators, seed germination beds, seedling beds, trials and field demonstration area, water
storage, meeting area and storage sheds. A functional RRC has been established at New
Edubiase in Ashanti Region in Ghana.
In the interim, spacing of 10 x10 m is recommended when planting Allanblackia. This gives 100
trees per hectare and a field survival rate of 70%. When seedlings and cuttings are mixed, the
former grows to a height of 10 – 25 m, fruiting in 12 years while the latter grows to a height of 4
– 8 m and fruit in 4 years.
Farmers generally expect to be paid to plant Allanblackia but some farmers believed that they
could plant AB if they are provided with free planting materials. The ideal seedlings for planting
should be those at a 4 leaf stage, greater than 20 cm, no bent root, have good root system with
shoot to root ratio of 2:1 – 2.5:1; no mycorrhizal problem, no fungal leaf spot. In Tanzania, local
forest officers and government officials are involved in the domestication of Allanblackia. Some
farmer log books have been developed in English and local languages to provide farmers with
information on tree planting and to be a future record to the farmer, village leaders, government
authorities, certifiers and prospective buyers. The log book also indicates that the farmer is the
owner of the trees planted and therefore entitled to incentive payments if available.
When planting Allanblackia, the following concerns need to be addressed:
1. What to plant (cuttings, seedlings, size)
2. Where to plant (farm, forest, community land) (shade/sun)
3. How to plant (design, planting holes, timing)
4. Motivation to plant
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It was found in Ghana that seeds should be planted in 1 or 2 litter polybags after the root and
shoot emergence. Seedlings are known to do very well if they are planted in soils under the
mother tree and studies are ongoing to investigate the possible presence of mycorrhiza in such
soils.
Allanblackia and Cocoa agroforestry is established at the Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana’s
(CRIG) research station at Afosu in the Eastern Region of Ghana.
In concluding he noted the following points:
1. The nursery phase is most critical, poor seedlings lead to poor trees
2. Tree manipulation will determine first fruiting
3. Tree vigour will determine fruit yield
4. Don’t just use one method, keep testing alternatives (in all aspects)
5. Failures help us as much as successes (share the failures as well)
6. No single organisation (not even Unilever) can do it alone (build teamwork/partnerships)
7. Methods, nurseries, motivating farmers, post-planting follow up, harvest to processing,
farmer profit, commercial volumes, industry growth (investment, involvement,
deliverables)
8. Changes in personnel and responsibilities also can help new developments
3.0 Administration of Allanblackia Project
A presentation was made by Dr. Jeroen Oostenenk of Unilever on the Administration of the
Allablackia Project. His presentation covered the following:
• Generic review 2008
• Country updates
• Define actions 2009
He observed that;
• The cost of transport is high due to small volumes
• Oil quality is basically good; but in Tanzania Allanblackia is known to have high free fatty
acids content (about 15%) therefore waste is high.
• Crushers give poor delivery
• Novel Foods clearance; Unilever is pre-producing first products containing Allanblackia
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• The number of RRC’s involved in the domestication of Allanblackia has increased
significantly with better equipment and staff
• The research component lacks funding; no funding secured until 2012 when funding
would have been secured from Bill Gates Foundation.
• Planting in farms and fields have started; cuttings perform well and should be continued
• Capacity building activities are going on as farmers are trained in planting of Allanblackia
• Planting materials are available
• Propagation/tree management has been good
• Partnership should be improved
• Communication should be improved to carry out well documented cultivation. There is
the need to report mistakes made so we could improve it.
He said that the partnership is not sufficiently structured. There is poor coordination and work
plans are not sufficiently prioritized. He said there is the need for a well structured partnership to
provide goals and responsibilities and be well prepared to address any challenges that would
arise until production attains the required level.
He said that the 2008 commercial projected income is based on approximately 600 tons of AB
seeds which gave 200 tons of oil that earned the project 200,000 Euro. There is a high
production cost therefore funds should be sought to take care of the deficit.
4.0 Supply Chain Updates by Countries
4.1 Supply chain in Ghana
Mr. Kingsley Oppong, a representative of Novel Development Ghana Ltd made a presentation
on supply chain activities in Ghana since 2007. He said that they are operating in the Central
and Western Regions of Ghana.
He presented the plan for the coming years as follows:
• Achieving a target of 250 metric tons of seeds
• Review and re-design of operational areas
• Community mobilization and awareness creation
• Supply of resources and logistics for field operations
• Review of key messages (checklist & best practice guidelines)
• Radio broadcast to educate farmers on project messages
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• Establishment of market centres for purchasing seeds
• Training of selected focal persons (FPs) in book-keeping and business skills
• Evacuation of seeds from focal persons storage facilities
• Processing of AB seeds into oil
He said the following measures were undertaken to ensure the smooth running of activities in
the operational areas:
• Timely announcement of price increase from Gp 15 to 20Gp per kilo
• Effective communication /feedback from communities and partners
• Community awareness creation and monitoring
• Knowledge of the supply chain/acquaintance with farmers
• Prompt payment of seeds on delivery to FPs
• Confidence and participation of community members in the project
• Strict adherence to non-involvement of children
• Adherence to key project messages and best practice guidelines
• Safety and Quality Assurance
He also said that they were able to collect 106 tons of seeds out of the projected 250 and that
there is the need for improvement in order to attain the set targets. He explained that the 70
tons of seeds collected in 2007, following the 110 tons collected in 2006 could probably be due
to a resting period after a good yield.
He presented the following as challenges of the supply chain in Ghana:
• Managing community expectations
• Prompt response to feedback received from focal persons
• Book-keeping at Focal Person
• Poor terrain of working area (poor roads )
• Inadequate motivation for Focal Persons to cover remote areas and cottages to
purchase seeds from farmers
• Disposal of Allanblackia waste – solutions under discussion
• Delay in processing of seeds due to:
– Challenges working with third party processors
• Retrieval of cash balances from Focal Persons
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He then presented the way forward as follows:
• Motivation for Focal Persons;
• Increased public awareness ;
• Formation of Focal Person and Collector Groups;
• Intensify collection of seeds in current locations;
• Sustained interest of farmers;
• Training of focal persons and farmers;
• Processing of seeds;
• Setting up of a field office to enhance contact with Focal Persons and collectors;
• Strengthen Monitoring and Evaluation;
• Integrating current collectors into domestication program.
4.2 Supply chain in Nigeria
Dr. Idowu Ajibolu also made a presentation on supply chain activities by Novel Nigeria. She said
that basically the supply chain in Nigeria is similar to that of Ghana.
She said that supply chain activities are operational in 3 States in Nigeria, namely Edo, Cross
River and Rivers States where 46, 37 and 18 focal persons respectively have been trained.
There are 2 Novel Development field officers per state who visit communities. Focal persons
have been equipped with scales, needles, ropes, banners, bags. A store each has been
acquired in Edo and Ikom, whilst Cross River State is negotiating for one. Negotiations are still
ongoing to process seeds.
She said the following are some of the key features of the supply chain:
• Buyers are the key driver of the initial supply chain development;
• Cost build up is monitored and adjusted to ensure equity and fairness to stakeholders;
• Supply chain should be profitable to all stakeholders;
• Supply chain was designed to promote sustainability and socially responsibility.
She said that the benefits for farmers include the following:
• Potential of contributing to wealth creation;
• Farmers organised for tapping business opportunity;
• Training given on entrepreneurship and business development;
• Agricultural best-practice and knowledge transferred to farmers;
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• Conservation and protection of indigenous Allanblackia trees both on and off- farms;
• Biodiversity conservation consciousness;
• Diversification of income sources;
• Focus on the poorest in the community.
The strategy for the coming years includes:
• Training and capacity building
• Communication
– Development of key messages
– Radio material
– Sensitisation, Public education and awareness creation
• Extension services
• Community mobilisation
• Sustaining interest of stakeholders
The challenges faced are:
• Price (other forest products constantly compared to that of Allanblackia)
– Income Study Results
– Gradual buy-in of participants
– Community expectations
• Motivation for Focal Persons and collectors – low volumes
• Covering more areas – (increasing overheads, project communities)
• Difficult terrain and expansive area for wild harvesting
She presented the following as the way forward:
• Improve income levels for farmers/collectors/price
• Improve supply base of Allanblackia seed
• Scaling up Allanblackia market chains via domestication of trees
• Expand Allanblackia operational area within the 3 states
• Train and support few interested Focal Persons to become entrepreneurs
• Intensify project information
• Improve quality assurance and control
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She said in 2008, 25 tons of seeds were collected as against the target of 20 tons. It is expected
that in 2012 and 2013, 100 tons will be collected.
4.3 Supply chain in Tanzania
Mr. Fidelis Rutatina also made a presentation on supply chain in Tanzania. He said that the
supply chain activities are operational in three districts along the eastern arc mountains in
Tanzania. So far 54 collection centres are actively involved in the collection, quality control and
storage of seeds. Six thousand farmers have been selected; 48% are women. The project has
also trained clerks who buy seeds. All centres are equipped with sign boards, scales, sacks and
hired stores. Partner NGOs such as Faida MaLi, ICA & INADES and the local government are
actively involved in mobilization of farmers. NDTL works with SNV to strengthen partnership and
capacity building. NDTL is managing the Rural Resources Centres. Farmers are playing a key
role in the domestication process. TAFORI and ICRAF are managing research and SNV &
NDTL have established partnership. The structure of the supply chain is similar to that of Nigeria
and Ghana. The key players in the supply chain are farmers, clerks, transporters and crushers.
The farmers collect Allanblackia seeds, dry them and bring them to collection centres,
participate in domestication, and are supported to test indigenous knowledge. The farmers have
now been registered in groups. They form the base of the apex organization and they have
opened bank accounts and starting to do transactions. The NGOs have trained the farmers on
business skills and their number has increased up to 6000 in 2008. The total direct income from
Allanblackia sales has increased from US$ 4,000 in 2004 to US$110,000 in 2008. The farmers
are actively involved in the project and support various initiatives and also participate in decision
making process through meetings.
There are 48 experienced clerks who manage 52 collection centers. They ensure that good
quality Allanblackia seeds are purchased from farmers and pay them on delivery. Additionally,
they keep financial and production records at centre levels. They are trained regularly on new
developments, strategies and best practices for improvement in their activities.
The transporters transport seeds from collection centers to the crushing plant. Buyers are the
key drivers of the supply chain activities.
In Tanzania, the volume of Allanblackia seeds supplied is far below the current demand of 6,000
tonnes of seeds per year. Allanblackia cultivation/domestication strategy is to address this gap.
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To get 6,000 tonnes in 2015, there is the need to plant 200,000 female trees in 2007 and 2008
by serious 4,000 farmers.
The Allanblackia oil export started slowly due to crushing problems but it has been much stable
in 2008.
In 2008, six (6) tanks each of 20 tonnes have been shipped to Netherlands. He said that the
strategies for best practice in upscaling to be carried out are:
• Expansion and equipping of current Supply Chain Operation;
• Maintain Interest of Current stakeholders;
• Development of Allanblackia cultivation strategy;
• Research on Vegetative propagation;
• Field extension work with Farmer groups;
• Farmer-owned plots and integrated agro-forestry;
• Monitoring and evaluation;
• Funding and resource mobilization.
He said the key issues and the way forward are:
• Partnership is still needed for the coming few years
• Resources mobilization and funding are crucial
• Accessibility to reserved land
• Domestication
– How many trees will be planted each year up to 2015
– The long gestation for AB maturity
• Payment system (working but not the best)
• Crushing capability (meet HACCP standards, new plant)
• Transport (improve efficiency and lobby for government support)
• Undiscovered AB potential areas
• Apex organization
• Creation of more government participation
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5.0 Domestication Updates by Countries
5.1 The Allanblackia Partnership in Ghana
Before the domestication updates by the various countries, Alaazi Dominic (SNV Ghana) made
a presentation on the organization of the Novella Partnership in Ghana. He said the Novella
Partnership existed in Ghana since 2002 but in 2007, the name “Allanblackia Partnership
Ghana” (APG) was adopted, first to distinguish it from the International Novella Partnership and
secondly to lay more emphasis on Allanblackia. This private-public partnership according to him
has been very useful in ensuring coordination and accountability as well as knowledge
management.
The current Allanblackia Partnership in Ghana consists of Forestry Research Institute of Ghana
(FORIG), SNV Ghana, IUCN, Novel Ghana and the International Tree Seed Centre (ITSC).
Each of these partner organizations has its own responsibilities. Novel Ghana is responsible for
supply chain management whilst FORIG and ITSC are responsible for domestication trials.
IUCN and SNV Ghana are responsible for standard setting and coordination support
respectively.
Potential partners from Government are Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) and Forestry
Commission (FC) whilst potential non-government partners include the Ghana Wildlife Society,
and FAO.
He said in 2008, the partnership jointly undertook several activities which include:
• The organization of two (2) partnership meetings (to plan and set targets and to review
progress)
• The organization of one (1) national and two (2) regional awareness creation workshops.
• Resource mobilization (the drafting of several concept notes)
• Development, publication and distribution of a brochure on Allanblackia.
He said the proposed plans for 2009 are as follows:
• Continue resource mobilization efforts (develop more concept notes to get funding);
• Expansion of the supply chain to other Allanblackia endemic areas including the
Eastern Region
• Integration of Allanblackia in agric/forestry policy;
• Formation of farmer groups;
• Development of support schemes for farmers.
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5.2 Domestication in Nigeria
A presentation was made on the domestication of AB in Nigeria by Dr. S. O. Badejo, the
Executive Director of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN). He said Allanblackia
species is generating an increasing interest in Nigeria and in the next 10 -15 years, it will move
from household scale production to industrial scale for food, soap and cosmetics. The species
belongs to the family Clusiaceae and it is found in East, West, and Central Africa in naturally
distributed wet evergreen rainforest. In Nigeria, the species thrives well in the Niger-Delta region
of Edo, Rivers and Cross River states. Its spread in Nigeria as presented in previous reports
shows that it is found in Ogun, Ebonyi, Ondo, Osun, Imo, Enugu, Anambra, Abia, Ekiti and
Lagos States, (FRIN 2005). Potential areas include Adamawa, Taraba, Nassarawa and Benue
States.
He said concerted efforts are now being made to propagate and domesticate it for purposes of
large scale multiplication commensurate with industrial need. However, propagation by seeds
has encountered a lot of problems because of its dormancy. It takes between twelve to eighteen
months before germination takes place. The specific objectives are
• To develop appropriate silvicultural practices for domestication
• To undertake periodic survey to update the status of distribution and ethnobotany in
Nigeria.
So far FRIN in collaboration with Novel Nigeria in 2007 carried out the following activities:
• Visit to selected communities in Edo and Rivers states for negotiations towards the
planned domestication programmes;
• Sensitization of the rural communities on the uses of the plant including its industrial
potentials;
• Planned felling programmes of some trees that will provide cuttings for purposes of
propagation as well as ensuring setting of marcots on some other standing trees;
• Identification of the required plus trees of the Allanblackia plant;
• To meet the above itemised research activities, 605 and 836 trees were felled in Edo
and Rivers state respectively. The felling purpose was to obtain cuttings for purposes
of rural nurseries establishment;
• 594 marcots were set in Edo state, 525 in Rivers state;
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• Nursery infrastructure such as the Nursery Shed, Non-mist propagators and Humid
Chamber have been put in place in Benin in Edo state and Onne in Rivers State;
• 30 Marcots set in 2007 at Utekon community in Edo state were harvested;
• 84 Marcots with roots were harvested from 7 trees at Nyowii in Rivers state;
• Harvested Marcots were placed in pots and set in the humid chamber in Benin and
Onne Stations of FRIN;
• Over 6000 cuttings have been set out in Benin office of FRIN;
• The same is currently on-going at Onne in River state;
• Each propagator has 3 compartments (C1, C2, C3) and each of these compartments
was given a different treatment of germinating medium namely; sharp sand only,
sawdust only and a mixture of sharp sand and sawdust in the same ratio;
• Misting of cuttings is done on daily basis using knapsack sprayer at intervals of 2
hours on hot days and 4 hours on cool days;
• Water level of each compartment is maintained at 5 cm below the surface of the
rooting medium.
He said that of the 30 marcots planted in Edo, 29 have started sprouting and bud development
over a period of 3 weeks. In the 8th week, the buds became more pronounced with fresh green
leaves. In a few weeks time, the marcots in Benin are expected to be transferred to a weaning
shed before their eventual field planting. Over 50% of the potted marcots in Onne River state
have also started sprouting. Cuttings started sprouting 2 weeks from planting. In the 4th week,
sprouting became more conspicuous with new leaves. By the 6 th week root formation had
gradually started to develop. A random selection of cuttings in all the propagators showed that
the root formation was noticed in the compartments with sawdust only as its germinating
medium. More are still expected to root from cuttings in other compartments. In line with the
presidential mandate on research in Nigeria, FRIN undertook an update survey of Allanblackia
floribunda mother trees in Nigeria as a follow up to the 2005 national survey earlier carried out.
So far, 4 states namely Osun, Ogun, Ondo and Ekiti have been covered in south-western
Nigeria.
The objectives of the survey include the following
• Assessment of the current status of Allanblackia floribunda in previously identified
localities in Nigeria.
18

• To identify any other state where the plant thrives but not covered in the first survey
exercise.
• To further create awareness to the local people on the usefulness of A. floribunda
and the need for its conservation.
• To collect germplasm of A. floribunda for silvicultural studies.
• To evaluate the taxonomy of the species and its associated Taxa.
He said that the survey showed that the population of A. floribunda in the area has continued to
decline for the following reasons:
• Logging for timber.
• Felling by farmers to reduce competition with their cash crops especially cocoa.
• Most farmers regard it as a useless tree.
The usefulness of AB for medicinal purposes was acknowledged in most communities. The
survey also showed that Allanblackia fruits in different communities at different times of the year
even within the same ecological zone. Only a few wildlings were identified under mother trees.
Many people still confuse Allanblackia with Kigelia Africana (Family Bignoniaceae) and
Pentadessma butyracea (Glusiaceae) .This is due to the drooping nature of the fruits of both
trees.
The Marcots produced have been used to establish a clonal bank within the station. This will be
a good source of materials for further domestication activities and future studies on the growth.
The cuttings set in the propagators will soon be a source of good seedlings that will eventually
be planted out within the FRIN station. Demonstration plots will be established in some
communities in Edo and Rivers States.
In concluding, he said that a national stakeholder workshop will be organized by FRIN to
discuss the various issues highlighted in the survey report. This is to create awareness and help
to encourage the conservation of the tree and promote the commercial value of the AB seeds.
Also, concrete studies into the phenology and taxonomy of Allanblackia floribunda will be
initiated especially with reference to the two definite fruit falls associated with the tree yearly.
The update survey will be repeated in other parts of the country. This is to determine the
present status of Allanblackia in those communities earlier listed and possibly identify new ones.
19

5.3 Domestication in Ghana
Dr Daniel Ofori of FORIG, Mr. John von Berg (ITSC) and Samuel Hinneh (Novel Ghana)
together made a presentation titled ‘State of domestication of Allanblackia parviflora in Ghana’.
Dr. Daniel Ofori in giving update on AB research in Ghana said that there is a huge market for
Allanblackia oil. Out of the current projection of 250 tons of seeds, only 106 tons were supplied.
He observed that wild harvesting is unsustainable. Therefore there is the need for planting in
agroforestry systems as an alternative income support for farmers. This rural based enterprise
would not only increase livelihood opportunities for farmers but also ensure retention of trees on
farms for ecosystem functioning.
The current research aims at the possibility of rapid domestication of Allanblackia in agroforestry
systems. Specific activities being carried out at FORIG include:
• Genetic variation
• Propagation
• Conservation
• Agroforestry
Diversity in fruit size has been established and 58 elite trees have been selected for
domestication. The relationship between seed weight and fruit size is positively related. AB
could be propagated vegetatively or by seed. Studies revealed that it takes 7 months to over 2
years to germinate AB seeds. Seed germination method in plastic bag showed that emergence
could be observed after 3 weeks if seeds with testa removed were kept in plastic bags with
optimum humidity, gaseous environment and temperature. He mentioned that seedling growth
requires soil from under mature Allanblackia trees since seedlings grown on ordinary forest
humus soil do not grow well. He hypothesized that this could be a function of mycorrhiza in the
soil under Allanblackia tree. Hence research was on-going to verify this and to identify the type
of mycorrhiza involved.
Wedge grafting has a significantly higher success rate (79.8%) than side grafting. Cleft grafting
was used to produce 4,120 successful grafts that were distributed by Novel Development
Ghana. Propagation by stem cuttings has also proved positive. Demonstration plots using
seedlings, cuttings and grafts have also been established.
20

Gene banks have been established for ex-situ conservation. 140 accessions have been
conserved in 2 gene banks managed by FORIG and ICRAF. Two Agroforestry trials consisting
of Cocoa + Allanblackia + Plantain + Glyricidia + forest trees have been established. Farmers
have been trained on Allanblackia propagation and design of mother blocks. He said that at the
moment the major challenge to research is funding.
The presentation was continued by the Director of International Tree Seed Centre (ITSC) in
Kumasi, Mr. Jon Von Berg. He said that the domestication programme by the ITSC include
raising of seedlings that has been carried out since out-planting of AB in farmers fields, grafting
which started in 2007 in the various RRCs and establishment of Central Nurseries. He said
RCCs have been established in New Edubiase, Appeasuman, Enchi, TOPP, Dikoto and Subri.
Farmers have also planted Allanblackia on small scale in Agroforestry practices.
Scion materials were collected from female and male matured trees. 5,500 seedlings were
grafted at TOPP and Apeasuman. After 1 month approximately 74 % of the grafted seedlings
had ‘taken’ and flowered early.
Two hundred trees were cut in 2008. Re-sprouts will be used for cutting propagation in non-mist
propagators. In addition, mother blocks will be established consisting of 10 accessions. He said
that the major challenges were production of large quantities of Allanblackia seedlings for
supply to farmers, integration of Allanblackia in farming systems and funding. In concluding, he
said that there is the need for expansion of nurseries, sensitization and encouragement of
farmers to participate in AB domestication and expansion of the vegetative propagation,
probably by more grafting.
On his part, Mr. Samuel Yaw Henneh of Novel Development Ghana said that two new RRCs
were established at Subri and Dikoto. Currently, propagation sheds have been constructed in all
the RRCs. Forty-eight (48) Non-Mist propagators have been built in all the 5 RRCs and 4
Mother Blocks have been established in 4 RRCs.
He said that 500,000 seeds were sowed in 2008; 250,000 in polybags and 250,000 on beds. A
total of 10,160 seedlings have been potted since 2007 and 12,000 AB rootstocks are ready for
grafting.
21

Two-hundred and ten (210) Farmers located around the RRCs were supplied with 4,230 AB
grafts which were planted on their farmlands. 150 grafts were supplied to Forestry Commission
and Ministry of Local Government and they have been planted within their project areas. After
the first assessment of the planting in October, 90% of the trees were doing well.
Sixty (60) farmers have been trained in the best procedures for planting AB in all the 5 RRCs.
Sixty-nine (69) farmers in two of the RRCs have been trained in best cultural maintenance
practices and all the RRCs staff have been trained in the collection, setting and management of
cuttings and nursery management.
He added that the way forward includes:
• Production of more AB seedlings to meet increasing farmers demand.
• Periodic monitoring of farmers fields to ensure the best cultural management practices.
• Need to involve Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA), Forestry Commission (FC) and
Ministry of Lands, Forestry and Mines (MLFM) in the Extension programme.
In concluding, Dr. Ofori made the following summary:
• The dioecious nature of the species and difficulty in seed germination make vegetative
propagation a preferred method
• Success in propagation by cuttings and grafting have so far been 76% and 70%
respectively
• RRCs have been established for mass production of planting materials
• Gene banks and mother blocks have been established as future sources of germplasm
• Large variability in fruit morphology have been observed
• The observed variations occur both within and among different populations
• This suggests that the observed variability may have little to do with environmental
factors but rather has a genetic basis that may be reflected in molecular DNA analysis
currently in progress.
5.4 Domestication in Cameroon
Mr. Ebenezer Asaah made a presentation on Allanblackia propagules, growth and development
update in Cameroon. He said that Allanblackia demonstration plots have been established at
Mbalmayo and Bangangte in Cameroon. Allanblackia seedlings were planted in 2005; cuttings
were planted in 2006, grafts have been planted since 2006.
22

Marcots were planted in 2007 and mother blocks have also been established in 2008. He said a
major challenge was plagiotrophy in cuttings. Allanblackia grafts planted in 2006 flowered first in
2007 and second in 2008. Generally, poor survival was observed if planted late in the year.
5.5 Domestication in Tanzania
Mr. Fidelis Rutatina, of Novel Tanzania, made a presentation on domestication of Allanblackia in
Tanzania. He said that the domestication team in Tanzania consists of Amani Nature Reserve,
Tanzania Forest Conservation Group, Tanzania Forest Research Institute and Novel
Development Tanzania Limited.
He said that the activities carried out in getting planting materials for planting include production
of seedlings, cuttings, marcots and establishment of nurseries. Two community nurseries have
been established at Mgambo and Bungu. In planting Allanblackia on farms, communities have
been trained on Allanblackia planting/production, management of planted Allanblackia trees and
diseases and pests monitoring.
Three RRCs have been established in Korogwe, Emau and Mvomero with various trials on
germination and propagation. The RRCs are involved in providing knowledge and skills for
Allanblackia production (eg. raising of planting materials, management etc), demonstration
purposes (eg. nursery establishment, transplanting, establishment of mother blocks etc), record
keeping (e.g. AB seed collectors, buyers, nurseries, producers), establishment and
maintenance of germplasm sources and purchasing and monitoring of nursery materials (bags,
chemicals, equipment).
He said that 22,200 planting materials consisting of seedlings, marcots and cuttings have been
produced out of the projected 160,000 signifying 14%. This percentage is expected to increase
to 30% by the end of 2008. He said that the main challenges have been pests and diseases,
lack of proper method for production of planting materials and lack of funding for research and
domestication.
He presented the following as the way forward:
• To adopt promising methods for production of planting materials;
23

• Concentrate on research to get the appropriate techniques for mass production of
planting materials;
• Emphasis on production of mother stocks from marcots instead of cutting trees;
• Grafting of the ready planting materials (seedlings);
• Planting of the available materials;
• Monitoring of pests, fungi and diseases;
• Fund raising to support activities.
5.6 Domesication of Allanblackia in Liberia
Mr. Jochem Schneemann of Interchurch Organisation for Development Cooperation (ICCO), an
NGO based in The Netherlands made a presentation on the process of domestication of AB in
Liberia. Mr. Jochem is the coordinator of the Sustainable Forest Management (SFM)
Programme in Ghana and Liberia. He said he participated in the Allanblackia meeting because
Unilever and ICCO agreed to carry out a feasibility study on Allanblackia in Liberia and research
on domestication of Allanblackia from July 2007 to February 2008.
The supply chain in Liberia was found to consist of wild collectors (or gatherers), focal persons,
supervisor(s) mainly (SDI-SAMFU) and market provider (UNILEVER). In 5 villages of Zorzor
district, 3.5 tons of seeds were bought at US$ 0.15 per Kg. A total of approximately US$ 525
was realized as income to farmers. There were complaints that the price was low.
From the study it was concluded that for sustainability, there is the need to domesticate AB and
develop plantations. To make the chain more efficient so that more benefits can be paid to the
farmer, there is the need to increase the price of the seeds.
He said that the ICCO is committed to start a demonstration project, if they could find two
organisations that are willing and able to collaborate in the business development process. In
this case, the ICCO’s contribution can be Euro 100,000 per year, for a first phase of 3 years.
The ICCO is also willing to learn, organise training and exchange programmes with other
Allanblackia countries and also collaborate with other organizations such as NARI, STCP,
business partner(s), NOVEL, SNV, SEND, etc.
He said the challenges include developing an action plan or proposal that will engage
collaborators to agree on their roles and also seeking for funding for research.
24

6.0 Field Visits
Field trips were made to the FORIG Nursery and the New Edubiase RRC led by Mrs. Theresa
Peprah and Mr. Samuel Henneh respectively.
6.1 Domestication of Agroforestry Trees
Prof. Roger Leakey made a presentation on domestication of agroforestry trees. He said that
marcotting (air layering) is a tool for capturing mature genotypes of agroforestry tree species.
Cutting of stock plants within a shoot should be slanted. In experiments with Triplochyton
scleroxylon he observed that within a stem there are strong gradients in rooting ability and
cutting mortality; lower nodes gave poor rooting and high mortality rate in cuttings. There is a
gradient in internode length and a strong relationship between cutting lengths and rooting ability;
cuttings between 40 - 60 mm gave a higher rooting ability. Cuttings from the 4 th node and above
gave good percentage of rooting and apical nodes also gave poor rooting. Basal shoots are also
better than apical shoots but apical and basal shoots are equally good if they are in same light
environment. Low rates of stock plant photosynthesis are associated with poor rooting ability
and high irradiance with low nutrients result in very poor rooting. Cuttings with high starch
content are associated with low rates of photosynthesis and high irradiance with low nutrients
resulted in high starch content.
He noted that problems with grafting are incompatibility with and dominance of the rootstock
over the scion. He advised that when making cuttings, one should be very selective to avoid
plagiotropism, which results from sylleptic shoots. He said that proleptic shoots also give rise to
orthotropism.
6.2 Working Groups
Participants broke into three working groups namely,
• Partnerships and fund raising
• Domestication
• Supply chain
The group leaders presented their reports.
25

6.2.1 Partnerships and fund raising group
The group found out that it is important to establish a project coordination/management unit.
Formal discussions have already taken place and there is the need to revisit this work.
UNILEVER was tasked to investigate prior discussions and earlier Memorandum of
Understanding (MOU). It is important to find out if the MOU was signed. The project
coordination/management unit should report back during the first quarter in 2009 for reengagement
and discussion before end of the first quarter.
It was agreed as follows:
• IUCN to support at international and country level (e.g. Ghana)
• Clarity required on germplasm transfer moratorium
• ICRAF to report to all partners by end of the first quarter
• Planning and reporting needs to be prioritized by project coordination unit
• Targets and action items need to be included in the next planning meeting
• The next international partnership meeting should be planned early enough to prepare
inputs
o Countries should come with reports; there should be good rapporteuring; one day
should be set aside for a session on looking forward. The duration should be 5-6
days
• Monitoring and Evaluation should be part of responsibilities of Secretariat
• Technical and quality control of proposal
• Consultation on proposal and issues with all partners
• Project management, disbursement and administration
• How are activities funded/captured at level of organisation
o Timesheets, budgetlines
o Estimates of admin, finance and communications support
o Savings on management fees from NGOs etc.
o Support for intercropping and production from Dutch Plantation Company
• Transparency and information sharing
o All countries need to provide details on contributions being made both to Unilever
and eventual secretariat for capturing in reports and proposals.
o Challenges in field and lessons so failures not replicated
• Factsheets (at country and international levels) including:
o No. of farmers involved (disaggregated by gender)
26

o No. of wild harvesters (disaggregated by gender)
o Volume of seeds
o Volume of oil
o Training given and impact
o Key R&D results re: domestication, RRC, supply chain etc.
o No. of trees planted
o No. of focal persons (trained or other)
o Price development and changes
o Any case studies, lessons learnt (positive and negative)
o Any incentives (capital, training, inputs, extension)
o Partners
o Funders and funding
o Projections and targets
o Household incomes
• Long term engagement strategy needs to be formulated with regard to government
agencies
o In place in Nigeria
o Tanzania – before the third quarter of 2009 for government funding
o Ghana – beyond FORIG to Ministries of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry and Mines
• Future proposals all to include budget lines for coordination functions as above
• Potential and existing funding opportunities:
o DFID Nigeria
o African Enterprise Challenge Ghana
o Gates
o Common Fund for Commodities
o PSI (Investment in Developing Countries Fund) Holland
• Other funding pools need to be investigated including R&D, eventually microfinance
o ICRAF should be tasked with looking into R&D funding mechanisms that fund
only this aspect of work
• We should be focusing on existing wins and ways to highlight and promote successes in
wild harvesting and commercialisation as much as domestication
27

General suggestion for review of commitments before end of first quarter 2009
• Training required in each country for group dynamics and general enterprise
development, bookkeeping, cost-benefit analysis, formation of associations
• Development of guidelines for processing required
6.2.2 Domestication
The working group on domestication agreed on the activities to be carried out in the various
countries as follows:
Nigeria
• 10,000 rootstocks or seedlings in 5 states to be produced in 2009
• 10,000 cuttings to be produced in 2009
• 5 RRCs to be established in 3 states
• 1000 marcots in 5 states
• Team needs technical support (back stopping – Mr. Ebenezer Asaah to organize this)
• 200 seedlings to be planted on-farm
Ghana
• Integrate Allanblackia in Cocoa farm system
• Test suitable densities both on mono-culture and cocoa farm system
• Fine-tune grafting and polybag seed germination methods
• Target
o Produce 10,000 grafts
o Produce 200,000 seedlings from polybag method
o Establishment of 5 satellite nurseries per RRC
o Establishment of one RRC
o Plant 10,000 grafted materials on-farm
o Expansion of gene banks
o Train RRC managers as well as 200 farmers
28

Tanzania
• Fine-tune Marcotings techniques from coppiced trees
• Fine-tune low-tunneling method
• Establish 2 mother blocks from Marcots in 2 sites
Research priorities
• Fine-tune:
o Grafting techniques
o Seed germination
o Marcots
o Clonal multiplication by cuttings and stock plan management
• Develop generic protocol for each of the above techniques
• Training of research team on vegetative propagation (Prof Leakey)
• Funding issues
• Research coordination
6.2.3 Supply Chain
6.2.3.1 Farmer Organizational and business skills improved
Mobilization, formation, registration and strengthening of producer groups
Target: 1 group per state (Nigeria)
10 groups per area (Ghana)
10 groups per area (Tanzania)
Note: NGO(s) to be engaged in mobilization of groups
Activity 4.3 Improvement of business skills
Target: Two (2) training programs per country (Formation of associations, book keeping, cost
benefit analysis, group dynamics, enterprise development)
6.2.3.2. Supply chain strengthened and made more sustainable
Best practice formulation
Target: Establishment of processing plant (Tanzania)
Trial processing to be carried out (Nigeria)
29

Development of guidelines for processing Allanblackia (All)
Note: Assistance needed from Unilever in this direction
Establish and monitoring of collection centres
Target: Development of Business Process Re-engineering to monitor supply chain
operations (Collection to Warehousing) to improve efficiency by the end of December 2009
300mT of seeds collection (Tanzania)
150mT of seeds collection (Ghana)
80mT of seeds collection (Nigeria)
Demonstrate the sustainability of the supply chain over time (trends)
Conduct evaluations and reviews
Target:
season
Two Evaluation and Reviews organized per each area/district/state end of
7.0 Questions/Comments/Discussions
A participant said that it seems there is not much government involvement in the domestication
of Allanblackia in Ghana and enquired what could be done to increase government participation.
Another participant remarked that FORIG seems to be the only governmental agency in the
domestication process and stressed the need to develop modalities for the involvement of more
gevernmental agencies, particularly in 2009.
In responding, Dr. Daniel Ofori said that government agencies are already involved. For
instance agriculture extension is involved at the district levels. Also the plantation manager of
Forestry Commission (FC) in Ghana is very interested in the domestication of Allanblackia and
he was even invited to this meeting.
Another participant inquired about government involvement in other countries apart from Ghana.
Mr. Rutatina responded that the District Councils, for example, are involved in Tanzania.
Dr. Idowu Ajibolu said that Novel Nigeria is working with FRIN and the Ministry of Agriculture but
there is the need to define roles and responsibilities. She noted that some funding agencies
30

would not support if key governmental partners are not involved. The federal government in
Nigeria is willing to support by topping up funding obtained from donors.
A participant inquired about the experiences in South Africa. The response was that most of the
work has been awareness creation and aggressive marketing strategies. A member observed
that the returns from the certification were low and inquired about what should be done. The
response was that certification is a market as well as a management tool and should be given
the needed attention. It was observed that, increasingly Allanblackia is moving from wild
collection to domestication or Agroforestry.
One participant inquired about how plagiotrophy arises. Mr. Asaah responded that it arises from
taking cuttings from lateral branches.
A participant wanted to know whether in Tanzania, there was observation of a disease that
attacks the young cuttings. Mr Rutatina responded that it was a fungal attack not a disease. It is
a common fungus that produces mycelia at the top and bottom of cuttings particularly when it is
very moist.
A member said that plagiotropic branches are more susceptible to fungal attack.
Another participant inquired if mycorrhizae were used in the propagation of Allanblackia. Dr. D.
Ofori responded that it has not been established that there is mycorrhizal association but it was
observed that seedlings do well when planted in soil under mother trees. The experiment is in
progress to establish the involvement of mycorriha in the growth of Allanblackia.
A participant said that the African countries working on AB and Unilever should work together to
protect the germplasm of Allanblackia so that it is not taken outside Africa. All participants
agreed that AB is strictly for Africa and efforts should be made to ensure that it is well protected
and remains in Africa.
A participant inquired about what should be done to ensure good propagation of Allanblackia.
Prof. Leakey responded that initially we could use seeds when appropriate then move to grafts
and after about 5 years resort to cuttings as a means of propagation. The long term objective
should be the cuttings.
31

Another participant inquired about where cuttings should be taken from stock plants. The
response was that it is better to take cuttings from the nodes above the 4 th node to obtain a
success rate of about 60-80% of rooting. The lower nodes are not good to induce rooting.
A participant inquired about the recommended height to take cuttings.The response was that
there is no distinct answer but it depends on the species and also the clones used.
One participant inquired about the duration for rooting in cuttings in AB. The response was that
AB roots slowly, about 16 weeks. Therefore we need to have good stock plants.
Another inquiry was made about what the major problem in the domestication of AB was.The
response was that at the moment there is lack of funds for research.
32

Annex 1 List of organizing committee members
Dr. Daniel Ofori (Chairman) FORIG
Mrs. Theresa Peprah
FORIG
Mrs. Margaret Sraku-Lartey
FORIG
Ms. Comfort Konto
FORIG
Mrs. Jane Nketia
FORIG
Mrs. Ewurama Andoh
FORIG
Mr. Kester Mensah
FORIG
Mr. Samuel Henneh
NOVEL
Dr. Ramni Jamnadass
ICRAF
Mr. Moses Munjuga
ICRAF
Miss. Nelly Mutio
ICRAF
Mr. John Von berg
ITSC
Mr. Dominic Alaazi
SNV
33

Annex 2: List and addresses of participants
NAME ORGANIZATION POSTAL ADDRESS/E-MAIL COUNTRY
ADDRESS
1. Dr. Tony Simons ICRAF t.simons@cgiar.org Kenya
2. Roger Leakey ICRAF, White Lodge, Pencaitland Easthothian rogerleakey@btinternet.com U.K.
Scotland, EH345B4, U.K.
3. Dr. S.O. Badejo Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, solomonbadejo@yahoo.com Nigeria
P.M.B. 5054, Ibadan, Nigeria
4. Ramni Jamnadass ICRAF r.jamnadass@cgiar.org Kenya
5. Jeroen Oostenenk Unilever jeroen.oostenenk@unilever.com Netherlands
6. Daniel Ofori CSIR-FORIG dofori@csir-forig.org.gh Ghana
7. Maha Misbah Unilever maha.misbah@unilever.com Netherlands
8. Dr. Gilbert Anim CRIG gjanimkwapong@yahoo.com Ghana
Kwapong
9. Dr. A.P. Aluko Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), P.M.B.
Nigeria
5054, Ibadan, Nigeria
10. Fidelis Rutatina Novel Development, Tanzania Fidelis.Rutatina@noveltz.org Tanzania
11. Kristy Faccer Independent/Representative IUCN
kristy.faccer@gmail.com South Africa
ICRAF, Zambesi FD, Emmarentia Johannesburg
2195, South Africa
12. Moses Munjuga ICRAF, ICRAF, Box 30677-00100, Nairobi m.munjuga@cgiar.org Kenya
13. Jesper Korning AAK jesper.korning@aak.com Denmark
14. Cyril Kattah Novel c-kattah@yahoo.com Ghana
15. Maria T. Ijumba FAIDA-Mali, P. O. Box 13869, Arusha-TZ Maria.ijumba@faidamarketink.or.t Tanzania
34

z
16. Alfred B. Chonya NDTL, P. O. Box 6066, Morogoro, Tanzania alfred_chonya@yahoo.co.uk Tanzania
17. Bakari Songolo SNV-Tanzania bsongolo@snvworld.org Tanzania
18. Alphonce Katunzi INADES Formation TZ, Box 203, Dodoma, Tanzania inadesfo@yahoo.com Tanzania
19. Matthew A. Mudolwa Tanzania Forestry Research Institute (TAFORI), Box mmndolwa@yahoo.co.uk Tanzania
1854, Morogoro
20. Mr. Julius Abu Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Ibadan, abu-julius@yahoo.com
Nigeria
PMB 5054, Ibadan
21. Alain Tsobeng ICRAF a.tsobeng@cgiar.org Cameroun
22. Ebenezar Asaah ICRAF e.asaah@cgiar.org Cameroun
23. Kwidja Roger ICRAF/APADER kwidjar@yahoo.fr Cameroun
24. O. John Shittu Project Novella, Nigeria johnny107@yahoo.com Tanzania
25. Chika Emeh CREDO, 37 Onne Rd, GRA II, Port Hartcourt, Nigeria regcredo@yahoo.com Nigeria
26. John H. Omindo ICA-TZ, P. O. Box 1016, Moshi-Kilimanjaro Tanzania
27. Idowu A. AJIBOLU Novella Project Development, Nigeria idowuajibolu@yahoo.co.uk Kenya
28. Eustack Mtui Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG), Box eustackbonnie@gmail.com Tanzania
23410, DSM, Tanzania
29. Hamisi Sesiwa Amani Nature Reserve, P. O. Box 1, Amani Tanga- amaninaturereservefbd@yahoo.co Tanzania
Tanzania
m
30. Mr. Samuel Henneh Novel hennehsamuel@yahoo.com Ghana
31. Rev. Quarm Centre for Agroforestry
Ghana
Business Development ([CABUD], P. O. Box 89,
Asankrangwa
32. Alex Akorlei International Tree Seed Centre, P. O. Box UP 97, alexakorli2006@yahoo.com Ghana
35

Kumasi
33. John von Berg ITSC jbvonb@yahoo.com Ghana
34. Dr. Ofosu-Asiedu ITSC C/o FORIG Ghana
35. Fred Frimpong Millennium Villages Project frimpongfred@yahoo.com Ghana
36. Alaazi Dominic A. SNV, P. O. Box KIA 30284, Accra dalaazi@snvworld.org Ghana
37. Samuel Kofi Nyame IUCN, c/o FSD, Box 527, Accra samuel.kofi.nyame@iucn.org Ghana
samknyame02@yahoo.com
38. Theresa Peprah FORIG tpeprah@csir-forig.org.gh Ghana
39. Kingsley Oppong NOVEL kinokioo@yahoo.com Ghana
40. E.N. Kutin Mensah Novel Ghana
41. Acheampong Kwakye Diadem Foundation, Box AX1112, Tamale diademk@yahoo.com Ghana
42. Luke Anglaaere CSIR-FORIG luke@csir-forig.org.gh Ghana
43. Frank Asumin-Baffour CSIR-FORIG asumingbaffour@yahoo.co.uk Ghana
44. Owusu-Nuamah Francis FORIG Kumasi Ghana
45. Jochem Schneemann ICCO, Accra joschneemann@hotmail.com Ghana
46. Fianko Addo International Tree Seed Centre, Box UP 97, Kumasi Ghana
36