Turabian Citation Style An Overview

Turabian Citation Style
An Overview
A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations
Turabian, 7 th ed.
There are two parts of Turabian citation style: the Bibliography page and in-text, numerical
citations referring to footnotes.
General Information
Bibliography
The Bibliography page is a detailed list of resources you referenced in your paper.
The term “Bibliography” (no quotes) should be centered at the top of the page.
Each entry is placed in alphabetical order by author. If you have two or more books by the same
author, create the first entry as usual. The second and on entries of that author should have a 3-
em dash (6 hyphens) in place of the author followed by a period. If the entry does not begin with
the author, alphabetize by the first element of the citation (ignoring articles like “the”).
Footnotes
The point of adding citations in your paper is to help your reader match the quote or idea to the
corresponding source listed in your footnotes and Bibliography page.
Use a superscript numeral following the sentence in which the information is cited. Then at the
bottom of the page, provide citation information (a footnote). Indent the first line of each
citation. If you are using Microsoft Word, you can go to the “References” tab and click “Insert
Footnote” each time. Just make sure to tab over in the first line. Also, the Turabian Manual
indicates using non-superscript numerals in the footnotes is preferred. However, some professors
may allow the use of superscript numerals.
EXAMPLE
According to Watson, Jackson was unrealistic in his view of the future and “the forces of
economic change were greater than any one institution, no matter how powerful, and could not
be stopped by a single veto.” 1
The first time a work is cited in the text, a complete footnote is required. The second and on time
it is cited, you may shorten the note. For example:
1. Harry Watson, Liberty and Power: The Politics of Jacksonian America (New York:
Hill and Wang, 1990), 42-43.
Turabian Citation Style 1

Thereafter, the citation would be:
4. Watson, 82. (Author, Page)
OR
4. Watson, Liberty and Power, 82 (Author, Shortened Title, Page)
Some professors may want simply the author and page number (provided two works from the
same author are not cited in the paper). Others may ask for a shortened (4 words or less) form of
the title included as well.
If you are citing the same work immediately after its previous citation, you may use Ibid. Use a
comma and page number if the page is different (as in number 5 from the example below). Once
you are on a new page, you should provide the shortened footnote, not Ibid. again. (You can‟t
carry Ibid. over from a previous page).
EXAMPLE
4. Watson, 82
5. Ibid., 96
6. Ibid.
Examples of Specific Types of Entries
“N” indicates the footnote; “B” indicates the corresponding bibliography entry.
Books
Basic format
N: 1. Author First Name Last Name, Book Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Date), Page
Number(s).
B: Author Last Name, First Name. Book Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Edition number is placed after book title and the comma following as a number followed by ed.
(e.g. 2nd ed.)
EXAMPLE:
N: 2. Joseph S. Nye Jr, The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower
Can’t Go It Alone (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 156-157.
B: Nye Jr., Joseph S. The Paradox of American Power: Why the World’s Only Superpower Can’t
Go It Alone. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Turabian Citation Style 2

Chapter in book
N: 3. Author First Name Last Name, “Chapter Title,” in Book Title, ed. Editor First Name
Last Name (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Page number(s).
B: Author Last Name, First Name. “Chapter Title.” In Book Title, edited by Editor First Name
Last Name, Page range. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE:
N: 4. Joan L. Coffey, “The First Indochina War: Perceptions and Realities of French and
American Policy,” in The Vietnam War: Handbook of the Literature of Research, ed. James S.
Olson (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1993), 76.
B: Coffey, Joan L. “The First Indochina War: Perceptions and Realities of French and American
Policy.” In The Vietnam War: Handbook of the Literature of Research, edited by James
S. Olson, 71-90. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2006.
Periodicals
Scholarly Journal Article
N: 5. Author First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Journal Title Volume, no. __
(Publication date): Page number(s).
B: Author Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Journal Title Volume, no. __ (Publication
date): Page range.
EXAMPLE:
N: 6. Judith Keene, “Lost to Public Commemoration: American Veterans of the „Forgotten‟
Korean War,” Journal of Social History 44, no. 4 (Summer 2011): 1096.
B: Keene, Judith. “Lost to Public Commemoration: American Veterans of the „Forgotten‟
Korean War.” Journal of Social History 44, no. 4 (Summer 2011): 1095-1113.
For 2 or 3 authors:
In the footnote, add author names in same format as the first author name with a comma
in between the 1 st and 2 nd name (if 3 authors) and a “,and” before the last name.
In the bibliography, the 2 nd and 3 rd authors are added in the same format as the footnote—
author first name before last name.
This format is the same for book entries.
For 4 or more authors:
N: 7. Author 1 First Name Last Name et al., “Article Title,” Journal Title Volume, no. __
(Publication Date): Page Numbers.
Turabian Citation Style 3

B: Author 1 Last Name, First Name, Author 2 First Name Last Name, Author 3 First Name Last
Name, Author 4 First Name Last Name, and [so on]. “Article Title.” Journal Title
Volume, no. __ (Date of Publication): Page range.
EXAMPLE:
N: 8. Jillian F. Ikin et al., “Comorbidity of PTSD and Depression in Korean War Veterans:
Prevalence, Predictors, and Impairment,” Journal of Affective Disorders 125, no. 1 (September
2010): 280.
B: Ikin, Jillian F., Mark C. Creamer, Malcom R. Sim, and Dean P. McKenzie. “Comorbidity of
PTSD and Depression in Korean War Veterans: Prevalence, Predictors, and Impairment.”
Journal of Affective Disorders 125, no. 1 (September 2010): 279-286.
Newspaper Article
Newspaper articles are usually only cited in the footnotes and not included as part of the
bibliography.
N: 9. Author First Name Last Name, “Article Title,” Newspaper Title, Publication Date.
EXAMPLE:
N: 10. Tom A. Peter, “Karzai Blasts US, NATO for 'Using' Afghanistan, Announces Taliban
Talks,” Christian Science Monitor, June 19, 2011.
Websites
N: 11. Author, “Title of the Page,” Title or owner of the site, http:// ________ (accessed
Month Day, Year).
B: Author. “Title of the Page.” Title or owner of the site. http:// ____________(accessed Month
Day, Year.
If no author given, provide name of owner of the site in its place.
EXAMPLE:
N: 12. National Memorial Project Foundation, “History of the Memorial,”
http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/c.hkIUL9MVJxE/b.1190613/k.5EE9/History_of_the_Memoria
l.htm (accessed September 1, 2011).
B: National Memorial Project Foundation. “History of the Memorial.”
http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/c.hkIUL9MVJxE/b.1190613/k.5EE9/History_of_the_
Memorial.htm (accessed September 1, 2011).
Updated: September 2, 2011
Turabian Citation Style 4