jiafm-35-1 - forensic medicine

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J Indian Acad Forensic Med. Jan-March 2013, Vol. <strong>35</strong>, No. 1 ISSN 0971-0973 Out of 100 people surveyed, 44 felt annoyed by drinking, 36 felt the need to cut down their drinking, 33 people felt guilty about their drinking and 23 cases admitted to taking drinks in the morning. (Table 3) From Present study it is evident that 52 cases showed signs of physical degeneration, 34 cases showed signs of moral degeneration. Least number of cases showed involvement mental degeneration (8 cases). 6 cases showed signs of more than one type of degeneration. Physical degeneration included 12 cases of lack of personal hygiene and 40 cases of gastritis. Moral degeneration included involvement in crime in 12 cases; doubt about the fidelity of wife was present in 15 cases while all other signs of moral degeneration were totaled at 5. (Table 4) It is clear that 62% cases showed signs of delirium tremens, 37% cases were affected with Korsakoff’s psychosis and 33% cases showed signs of acute hallucinosis. (Table 4A) out of the total 100 cases studied, only 3 joined Alcohol Anonymous while the majority (97%) of the cases not was not associated with any such organization and showed no willingness to share their experiences. Discussion: The findings of the present study are in contrast with the findings of Benegal et al which showed that the mean age of starting taking alcohol decreased from 28 years to 20 years. [1] The present study is also in disagreement with another study [3] which showed that the mean age of starting alcohol intake is 19.45 years. The present study is also in disagreement with the findings of another study [4] that the age of starting taking alcohol is 19 years. The present study found that in 25 % cases were associated with accidents and this finding is in comparison with the findings of WHO global Status report on Alcohol which showed that 25% of the India’s road related accidents were related to alcohol. [5] The study also shows similar results with another study [3], however the rate of incidence of accidents related to alcohol in that study is 40 %.The present study is also in comparison with the WHO findings which showed that whisky and arrack were the drinks of choice. [5] The study is conflict with the findings of Gupta et al [6] which showed that country liquor is the preferred drink. The present study is in comparison with the findings of Haider and Chaudhary who showed that urban population was mainly affected. [7] The present study is in conflict with the WHO report that rural population was more frequently affected. [5]No relevant studies were available for comparison with rest of the parameters studied in the present study. Conclusion: The present study showed that the problem of alcohol is a serious one and is likely to grow in the coming times. The ill effects brought by the alcohol on the health of the person and possible financial implications on the family are a cause of concern. There is need to conduct more research along with educating the people particularly among the young age groups so that suitable preventive measures and life style medications can be adopted. References: 1. Benegal V. Alcohol and public health. Addiction. 2005; 100:1051- 1056. 2. Devinder M, Chopra A, Ray R, Sethi H. Alcohol consumption in India: A cross-sectional study.India.103-114 3. Alcohol Related Harm in India: a fact sheet. www.indianalcoholpolicy.org 4. Launch of Indian Alcohol Policy Alliance. The Globe. 2005; 2:1- 24. 5. WHO Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004:28-52 6. Gupta PC, Saxena S, Pednekar MS, Maulik PK. Alcohol consumption among middle-aged and elderly men: a community study from western India. Alcohol and Alcoholism. 2003 Jul-Aug; 38(4):327-31 7. Haider W, Chaudhary MA. Prevalence of alcoholism in the Punjab, Pakistan. Biomedica.2008 July-Dec;24:80-84 Table1: According to the Age Group in which an Individual Started Alcohol Ingestion Age group (Yrs) Cases 11-20 17 21-30 60 31-40 16 41-50 3 Above 50 4 Total 100 Table 2: Frequency of Alcohol Ingestion Frequency of Alcohol intake Cases Daily 20 Twice a week 15 Thrice a week 6 Occasionally 59 Total 100 Table 3: Self Analysis of the Cases based on CAGE Criteria Self Analysis Cases Cases that felt the need to cut down drinking 36 Cases that felt annoyed by his drinking 44 Cases that felt guilty about his drinking 33 Cases who take a morning drink (Eye opener 23 question) 38
J Indian Acad Forensic Med. Jan-March 2013, Vol. <strong>35</strong>, No. 1 ISSN 0971-0973 Table 4: Signs of Degeneration Signs of Degeneration Cases Physical 52 Mental 8 Moral 34 More than one type 6 Total 100 Table 4A: Signs of Mental Degeneration Signs of Deterioration Cases Percentage Delirium tremens 62 62% Korsakoff’s Psychosis 37 37% Acute hallucinosis 33 33% Fig. 1: Reason for Starting Alcohol Ingestion 27 1 5 67 Curiosity Depression Jealosy Other Fig. 2: Area Wise Distribution of Cases 57 43 Fig. 3: Type & Amount of Alcohol Ingested 1 1 1 10 20 26 41 Rural Urban Whisky Beer Brandy Rum Vodka Country liquor Multiple types 39
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