The ARCHAEOLOGIST - English Late-Medieval timber-framed ...

Tales of the Unexpected:
an Iron Age warrior in medieval Dunbar
Mike Roy
compact silt layer that produced no finds but was
truncated by a pit feature, which had apparently
been in-filled with sandstone boulders and flat
slabs.
Cist survival
This feature proved to be a stone-lined cist, covered
by three flat sandstone slabs (each around 1 m
square). This was apparently an isolated feature and
its preservation was probably aided by the
medieval levelling material, which shielded it from
the extensive post-medieval drainage features and
disturbance during the construction of the cinema
that overlay the site during the 20th century.
However, its survival during earlier centuries,
including the setting out of medieval plot boundary
walls and cutting of drainage ditches, a well and
backland features, is remarkable. It is possible that
the covering slabs of the cist were visible during the
period between its construction and that the setting
out of the medieval burgh perhaps respected it as a
grave site.
Primary inhumation within the
Iron Age Cist, Dunbar
Baldred’s
Auldhame:
a medieval
chapel and
cemetery in
East Lothian
Erlend Hindmarsh and Melissa Melikian
Plan and section of the Iron
Age Warrior Burial, Dunbar
It is a truism that the findings of
archaeological fieldwork cannot be stated in
advance, and this was startlingly demonstrated by
AOC Archaeology Group in the centre of Dunbar.
The site consisted of two plots running back from
the High Street to the boundary of the medieval
town. Evaluation works had identified medieval
and early post-medieval pit features and stone walls
and possible robber trenches interpreted as
medieval burgage plot boundaries. In the western
end of the site a deep layer of imported soil (up to
2.5 m deep) had been used to level the site in the
late medieval or early post-medieval period.
This soil was opened by machine, revealing, as
expected, post-medieval and medieval remains.
However, underlying the levelling layer was a dark
Warrior grave goods
Excavation of the cist revealed two adult
inhumations, the primary burial pushed to the east
of the cist to make room for a secondary burial,
which was accompanied by the remains of an iron
sword, spearhead and a pin. Such Iron Age warrior
burials are extremely rare in Scotland, and the
example at Dunbar is one of the best preserved.
Prehistory in medieval burghs
Excavation in Scottish urban contexts normally
reveals evidence only for the establishment and
development of medieval burghs. Stray isolated
finds from prehistoric, Roman or Dark Age times
are uncommon but occasionally not simply artefacts
but in situ prehistoric remains are discovered during
excavations of medieval towns, such as Bronze Age
cist burials at Kirkcaldy and Mesolithic and
Neolithic remains at Dumfries. The Dunbar
excavation demonstrated that medieval remains
overlay Iron Age remains far earlier than the town’s
founding. Although there are many Iron Age sites
in the vicinity of Dunbar, the nearest examples of
Secondary inhumation (warrior)
within the Iron Age Cist, Dunbar
similar burial monuments are to be found in
Clackmannanshire, Fife and Falkirk, many miles
to the north and west.
This site demonstrated that neither intrusive
evaluation nor knowledge of the date and types
of remains encountered in nearby sites can lead
to a certainty that the unexpected will not
appear. It leads to the imperative that the field
archaeologist be aware that remains of unusual
date and type may survive the disturbance of
medieval urban development.
Mike Roy
AOC Archaeology
Edgefield Road Industrial Estate
Loanhead
Midlothian EH20 9SY
miker@aocscot.co.uk
In contrast to Iron Age burials in medieval
Dunbar human remains unearthed
by ploughing near Auldhame, East Lothian,
excavated under the Historic Scotland
Call-off Contract, revealed an extensive
medieval burial ground and multi-phased
chapel within an Iron Age promontory fort,
the ditch of which came to define the
boundary of the later cemetery.
The area is associated with the 7th-century St
Baldred, who founded a monastery at nearby
Tyningham and lived a life of solitude on the Bass
Rock in the Firth of Forth, visible from the site. The
chapel may date from the 9th century, based on
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The Archaeologist Summer 2006 Number 60
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