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Table 1. Species recorded from the Breeding Bird Survey 1994. Species are listed in descending order of occurence for A) species recorded from over 100 survey squares and B) species recorded from between 50 and 100 squares. Species Proportion of survey squares occupied (%) Number of survey squares occupied A. Over 100 squares occupied Chaffinch 87 1349 Woodpigeon 87 1342 Blackbird 86 1340 Wren 86 1334 Carrion Crow 83 1290 Robin 82 1265 Blue Tit 79 1220 Starling 73 1124 Skylark 72 1113 Great Tit 71 1102 Dunnock 69 1076 Swallow 68 1048 Song Thrush 66 1023 Magpie 65 1014 Willow Warbler 62 964 House Sparrow 60 924 Greenfinch 59 909 Pheasant 58 894 Jackdaw 54 835 Yellowhammer 52 806 Linnet 51 785 Goldfinch 50 769 Rook 49 767 Collared Dove 46 716 Swift 46 710 Blackcap 46 707 Mistle Thrush 46 706 Whitethroat 43 667 Pied Wagtail 43 659 Mallard 42 656 Cuckoo 42 652 Chiffchaff 41 640 House Martin 34 524 Meadow Pipit 33 515 Lapwing 31 487 Long-tailed Tit 30 471 Kestrel 29 453 Stock Dove 29 451 Jay 27 419 Coal Tit 27 411 Black-headed Gull 24 369 Moorhen 24 368 Bullfinch 24 366 Great Spotted Woodpecker 23 362 Green Woodpecker 23 358 Feral Pigeon 23 358 Curlew 23 350 Goldcrest 22 346 Grey Heron 22 337 Species Proportion of survey squares occupied (%) Number of survey squares occupied contd. Herring Gull 20 317 Lesser Black-backed Gull 19 292 Buzzard 18 284 Reed Bunting 17 271 Garden Warbler 17 265 Red-legged Partridge 17 259 Sparrowhawk 14 220 Treecreeper 14 214 Nuthatch 13 204 Lesser Whitethroat 13 200 Wheatear 12 187 Grey Partridge 12 183 Canada Goose 12 183 Oystercatcher 11 175 Spotted Flycatcher 11 172 Sedge Warbler 10 160 Corn Bunting 10 151 Turtle Dove 9 139 Yellow Wagtail 8 126 Coot 8 126 Raven 8 118 Tree Sparrow 7 112 Mute Swan 7 112 Grey Wagtail 7 112 Tree Pipit 7 108 Common Gull 7 104 Snipe 7 103 B. Between 50 and 100 squares occupied Siskin 6 96 Redstart 6 95 Tufted Duck 6 94 Lesser Redpoll 6 90 Marsh Tit 6 88 Shelduck 5 85 Red Grouse 5 81 Golden Plover 5 81 Cormorant 5 80 Hooded Crow 5 72 Little Owl 4 66 Whinchat 4 65 Willow Tit 4 63 Wood Warbler 4 63 Great Black-backed Gull 4 63 Redshank 4 57 Tawny Owl 4 56 Reed Warbler 4 56 Sand Martin 3 54 Common Sandpiper 3 54 Stonechat 3 53 - 110 -
Table 2. Habitat composition of 200 metre transect sections within the Breeding Bird Survey 1994. These figures do not reflect the habitat composition of the UK as a whole as they are not corrected for regional variation in sampling effort. Major Habitat Percentage of transect sections Number of transect sections Farmland 54.2 8 175 Human Sites 15.7 2 372 Woodland 12.1 1 821 Heathland & Bogs 8.0 1 208 Grassland 5.0 756 Scrubland 2.3 347 Water Bodies 1.7 260 Inland Rock 0.6 83 Coastal 0.4 53 Miscellaneous 0.1 11 TOTAL 100.0 15 086 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the many BTO volunteers, both fieldworkers and regional organisers who have contributed to the monitoring programmes discussed in this paper. The CBC and PCP were supported under a contract from the JNCC (on behalf of English Nature, Countryside Council for Wales, Scottish Natural Heritage, and under a contract from the Department of the Environment (Northern Ireland). The project to evaluate sampling strategies was funded by RSPB. The BBS is jointly funded by the BTO, the JNCC and the RSPB. We are grateful to the members of the BTO's Integrated Population Monitoring Working Group, Prof. Steve Buckland, Drs. Rhys Green, Nicholas Aebischer, John Goss-Custard and Dorian Moss for helpful advice. We also thank Drs. David Stroud, Ken Smith, David Gibbons, Jeremy Greenwood, Will Peach, and Humphrey Crick for helpful discussion. John Marchant, Dawn Balmer, Andy Wilson, and the late Dr Steve Carter provided assistance. REFERENCES Baillie, S.R. (1990): Integrated population monitoring of breeding birds in Britain & Ireland. Ibis 132:151-166. Baillie, S.R. & J.H. Marchant (1992): The use of breeding bird censuses to monitor common birds in Britain and Ireland - current practice and future prospects. Vogelwelt 113:172-182. Barr, C.J., R.G.H. Bunce. R.T. Clarke, R.M. Fuller, M.T. Furse, M.K. Gillespie, G.B. Groom, C.J. Hallam, M. Hornung, D.C. Howard & M.J. Ness (1993): Countryside Survey 1990. Main Report. London: Department of the Environment. Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess & D.A. Hill (1992): Bird Census Techniques. London: Academic Press. ter Braak, C.F.F., A.J. van Strien, R. Meijer & T.J. Verstrael (1994): Analysis of monitoring data with many missing values: which method In Hagemeijer, E.J.M. & T.J. Verstrael (eds.): Bird Numbers 1992: Distribution, monitoring and ecological aspects. Proc. 12th Int. Conf. IBCC and EOAC, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands: 663-673. Beek-Ubbergen: SOVON. Buckland, S.T., D.R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham & J.L. Laake (1993): Distance sampling: estimating abundance of biological populations. London: Chapman & Hall. Crick, H.Q.P. (1992): A bird-habitat coding system for use in Britain and Ireland incorporating aspects of land-management and human activity. Bird Study 39:1-12. Dawson, D.G. (1981): The usefulness of absolute ("census") and relative ("sampling" or "index") measures of abundance. Studies in Avian Biology 6:554-558. - 111 -
Page 1 and 2: R. GREGORY, S. BAILLIE & R. BASHFOR
Page 3 and 4: COMMON BIRD CENSUS The Common Bird
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