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monitoring breeding birds in the united kingdom - European Bird ...

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Table 2. Habitat composition of 200 metre transect sections with<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Breed<strong>in</strong>g <strong>Bird</strong> Survey 1994.<br />

These figures do not reflect <strong>the</strong> habitat composition of <strong>the</strong> UK as a whole as <strong>the</strong>y are not<br />

corrected for regional variation <strong>in</strong> sampl<strong>in</strong>g effort.<br />

Major Habitat<br />

Percentage of transect<br />

sections<br />

Number of transect<br />

sections<br />

Farmland 54.2 8 175<br />

Human Sites 15.7 2 372<br />

Woodland 12.1 1 821<br />

Heathland & Bogs 8.0 1 208<br />

Grassland 5.0 756<br />

Scrubland 2.3 347<br />

Water Bodies 1.7 260<br />

Inland Rock 0.6 83<br />

Coastal 0.4 53<br />

Miscellaneous 0.1 11<br />

TOTAL 100.0 15 086<br />

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />

We thank <strong>the</strong> many BTO volunteers, both fieldworkers and regional organisers who have<br />

contributed to <strong>the</strong> <strong>monitor<strong>in</strong>g</strong> programmes discussed <strong>in</strong> this paper. The CBC and PCP were<br />

supported under a contract from <strong>the</strong> JNCC (on behalf of English Nature, Countryside Council for<br />

Wales, Scottish Natural Heritage, and under a contract from <strong>the</strong> Department of <strong>the</strong> Environment<br />

(Nor<strong>the</strong>rn Ireland). The project to evaluate sampl<strong>in</strong>g strategies was funded by RSPB. The BBS is<br />

jo<strong>in</strong>tly funded by <strong>the</strong> BTO, <strong>the</strong> JNCC and <strong>the</strong> RSPB. We are grateful to <strong>the</strong> members of <strong>the</strong> BTO's<br />

Integrated Population Monitor<strong>in</strong>g Work<strong>in</strong>g Group, Prof. Steve Buckland, Drs. Rhys Green,<br />

Nicholas Aebischer, John Goss-Custard and Dorian Moss for helpful advice. We also thank Drs.<br />

David Stroud, Ken Smith, David Gibbons, Jeremy Greenwood, Will Peach, and Humphrey Crick<br />

for helpful discussion. John Marchant, Dawn Balmer, Andy Wilson, and <strong>the</strong> late Dr Steve Carter<br />

provided assistance.<br />

REFERENCES<br />

Baillie, S.R. (1990): Integrated population <strong>monitor<strong>in</strong>g</strong> of <strong>breed<strong>in</strong>g</strong> <strong>birds</strong> <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong> & Ireland.<br />

Ibis 132:151-166.<br />

Baillie, S.R. & J.H. Marchant (1992): The use of <strong>breed<strong>in</strong>g</strong> bird censuses to monitor common <strong>birds</strong> <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong><br />

and Ireland - current practice and future prospects. Vogelwelt 113:172-182.<br />

Barr, C.J., R.G.H. Bunce. R.T. Clarke, R.M. Fuller, M.T. Furse, M.K. Gillespie, G.B. Groom, C.J. Hallam,<br />

M. Hornung, D.C. Howard & M.J. Ness (1993): Countryside Survey 1990. Ma<strong>in</strong> Report. London:<br />

Department of <strong>the</strong> Environment.<br />

Bibby, C.J., N.D. Burgess & D.A. Hill (1992): <strong>Bird</strong> Census Techniques. London: Academic Press.<br />

ter Braak, C.F.F., A.J. van Strien, R. Meijer & T.J. Verstrael (1994): Analysis of <strong>monitor<strong>in</strong>g</strong> data with many<br />

miss<strong>in</strong>g values: which method In Hagemeijer, E.J.M. & T.J. Verstrael (eds.): <strong>Bird</strong> Numbers 1992:<br />

Distribution, <strong>monitor<strong>in</strong>g</strong> and ecological aspects. Proc. 12th Int. Conf. IBCC and EOAC,<br />

Noordwijkerhout, The Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands: 663-673. Beek-Ubbergen: SOVON.<br />

Buckland, S.T., D.R. Anderson, K.P. Burnham & J.L. Laake (1993): Distance sampl<strong>in</strong>g: estimat<strong>in</strong>g<br />

abundance of biological populations. London: Chapman & Hall.<br />

Crick, H.Q.P. (1992): A bird-habitat cod<strong>in</strong>g system for use <strong>in</strong> Brita<strong>in</strong> and Ireland <strong>in</strong>corporat<strong>in</strong>g aspects of<br />

land-management and human activity. <strong>Bird</strong> Study 39:1-12.<br />

Dawson, D.G. (1981): The usefulness of absolute ("census") and relative ("sampl<strong>in</strong>g" or "<strong>in</strong>dex") measures of<br />

abundance. Studies <strong>in</strong> Avian Biology 6:554-558.<br />

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