the siddha pharmacopoeia – of india part
the siddha pharmacopoeia – of india part
the siddha pharmacopoeia – of india part
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1. AMUKKARA (ROOT)<br />
AMUKKARË (Root) - ܺ‚èó£<br />
Amukkar¡ is <strong>the</strong> dried root <strong>of</strong> Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal Syn. Physalis somnifera L.,<br />
P. flexuosa L., P. arborescense DC. (Fam. Solanaceae), a perennial shrub, found in waste land,<br />
cultivated fields and open grounds throughout India. It is also cultivated in certain areas <strong>of</strong> Madhya<br />
Pradesh and Rajasthan. Roots are collected in winter, washed and cut into small pieces.The dried<br />
root is subjected to purification process before use. It grows in Mullai and Marutham thi¸ai.<br />
SYNONYMS<br />
Tamil : Acuvakanthi (ܲõè‰F), Amukkar¡ Ki¾a´ku (ܺ‚èó£ Aöƒ°)<br />
Assamese : Ashvagandha<br />
Bengali : Ashvagandha<br />
Gujrati : Asgandha<br />
Hindi : Asgandh<br />
Kannada : Angarberu, Hiremaddina- gida<br />
Kashmiri : Asagandh<br />
Malayalam : Amukkuram<br />
Marathi : Asagandha, Askagandha<br />
Oriya : Aswagandha<br />
Punjabi : Asgandh<br />
Sanskrit : Asvagandha, Hayagandha, Vajigandha<br />
Telugu : Pennerugadda<br />
Urdu : Asgand<br />
DESCRIPTION<br />
a) Macroscopic<br />
Roots straight, unbranched, thickness varying with age, roots bear fibre-like secondary<br />
roots, outer surface buff to grey-yellow with longitudinal wrinkles; crown consists <strong>of</strong> remains <strong>of</strong><br />
variously thickened stem bases; fracture short and uneven; odour characteristic; taste bitter and<br />
acrid.<br />
b) Microscopic<br />
Transverse section <strong>of</strong> root shows cork exfoliated or crushed; when present rectangular,<br />
radially flattened and non-lignified; cork cambium 2 to 4 diffused rows <strong>of</strong> cells; secondary cortex<br />
about twenty layers <strong>of</strong> compact parenchymatous cells mostly filled with starch grains; phloem<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma; cambium 4 or 5 rows <strong>of</strong> tangentially<br />
2
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