Docks and Eelgrass References Betcher, C. and ... - San Juan County

Docks and Eelgrass References
Betcher, C. and B Williams. 2005. Impact of mooring buoy installations on eelgrass and
macroalgae. In: Proceedings of the Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research conference.
Blackmon, D, T. Wyllie-Echeverria and D. Shafer. 2006. Role of seagrasses and kelps in marine
fish support. Wetlands regulatory assistance program. ERDC TN-WRAP-0601. U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers.
Blanton, S.L., Thom, R.M., Borde, A.B., Diefenderfer, H., and J.A., Southard. 2002.
Evaluation of methods to increase light under ferry terminals. Presented to Washington
State Department of Transportation. Report WA-RD 525.1. Battelle Marine Sciences
Laboratory, Sequim, WA.
Burdick, D.M. and F.T. Short. 1999. The effects of boat docks on eelgrass beds in coastal
waters of Massachusetts. Environmental Management 23:231-240.
Carman, R. 2006. Draft: Management Recommendations—Over and In-water Structures.
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington. 5 pp.
City of Bainbridge Island. 2002. Blakely Harbor cumulative impact assessment. City of
Bainbridge Island Department of Community Development and Planning.
Francour P., A. Ganteaume and M. Poulain. 1999. Effects of boat anchoring in Posidonia
oceanica seagrass beds in the Port-Cros National Park (north-western Mediterranean Sea).
Aquatic Conservation: Marine Freshwater Ecosystem 9:391-400.
Fresh, K.L., S. Wyllie-Echeverria, T. Wyllie-Echeverria and B. Williams. Using light-permeable
grating to mitigate impacts of residential floats on eelgrass Zostera marina L. in Puget Sound,
Washington. Ecological Engineering (accepted April 2006).
Gayaldo, P., S. Wyllie-Echeverria, and K. Ewing. 2001. Transplantation and alteration of
submarine environment for restoration of Zostera marina (eelgrass); a case study at Curtis Wharf
(Port of Anacortes), Washington. Presented at Puget Sound Research 2001. February 12-14,
2001, Bellevue, Washington.
Jones and Stokes. 2006. Overwater structures and non-structural piling white paper. Prepared for
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife in association with Anchor Environmental, LLC.
Kemp W.M, R. Batiuk , R. Bartleson , P. Bergstrom, V. Carter, C.L. Gallegos, W. Hunley, L.
Karrh, E.W. Koch , J.M. Landwehr, K.A. Moore, L. Murray, M. Naylor, N.B. Rybicki, J.C.
Stevenson and D.J. Wilcox. 2004. Habitat requirements for submerged aquatic vegetation in
Chesapeake Bay: Water quality, light regime, and physical-chemical factors. Estuaries
27(3):363-377.
Kenworthy, W.J., S. Wyllie-Echeverria, R.G. Coles, G. Pergent and C. Pergent-Martini.

2006. Seagrass Conservation Biology: An interdisciplinary science for protection of the
Seagrass biome. Pages 595-623. IN A.W.D. Larkum, R.J. Orth and C.M. Duarte (eds.)
Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation. The Netherlands: Springer. 691 pp.
Koch, E.W. 2001. Beyond light: physical, geological, and geochemical parameters as
possible submersed aquatic vegetation habitat requirements. Estuaries 24:1-17.
Mumford, TF. 2006. Kelp and Eelgrass: A valued ecosystem component white paper. Puget
Sound Nearshore Partnership. Technical Report 2006-11. Olympia, WA.
Nightingale, B. and C., Simenstad. 2001. Overwater structures: marine issues. White
Paper submitted to Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington State
Department of Ecology, and Washington State Department of Transportation. University
of Washington, Wetland Ecosystem Team, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences,
Seattle, WA.
NOAA, EPA, NMFS. 1991. Southern California eelgrass mitigation policy.
Norris, J, S. Wyllie-Echeverria, T. Mumford, A. Bailey and T. Turner. Estimating basal area
coverage of subtidal seagrass beds using underwater videography. Aquatic Botany 58 (1997)
269-287.
Orth, R.J., T.J.B. Carruthers, W.C. Dennison, C.M. Duarte, J.W. Fourqurean, K.L. Heck,
A.R. Hughes, G.A. Kendricks, W.J. Kenworthy, S. Olyarnik, F.T. Short, M. Waycott, and S.L.
Williams. 2006. A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems.Bioscience 56:987-996.
Pawlak, B. 1994. Analysis of the policies and management practices of Washington State
agencies as they pertain to the seagrasses Zostera marina and Zostera japonica. For the Padilla
Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Washington Department of Ecology.
University of Washington School of Marine Affairs.
Phillips, R. C.1984. The ecology of Eelgrass Meadows in the Pacific Northwest. U. S. Fish and
Widlife Service FWS/OBS-84/24.
Ruckelshaus, M.H. 1994. Incorporating the population biology of eelgrass into management. Pp.
19-22 in Wyllie-Echeverria, S., A. M. Olson and M. J. Hershman (eds.). 1994. Seagrass science
and policy in the Pacific Northwest: Proceedings of a seminar series. (SMA 94-1). EPA 910/R-
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Shafer, D. J., and Robinson, J. 2001. An evaluation of the use of grid platforms to
minimize shading impacts to seagrasses. WRAP Technical Notes Collection (ERDC
TN-WRAP-01-02). U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg,
MS.

Shafer, DJ 2002. Recommendations to minimize potential impacts to seagrasses from single
family residential dock structures in the PNW. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Seattle District.
Short, F. T. and S. Wyllie-Echeverria. 1996. Natural and human-induced disturbance of
seagrasses. Environmental Conservation. 23(1): 17-27.
Short, F.T. and D.M. Burdick. 1996. Quantifying eelgrass habitat loss in relation to
housing development and nitrogen loading in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts. Estuaries 19(3):730-
739.
Short, FT and DM Burdick. 2005. Interactive GIS-based, Site Selection Model for Eelgrass
Restoration on CD-ROM A Final Report Submitted to The NOAA/UNH Cooperative Institute
for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET). Universityy of New Hampshire
Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham.
Simenstad, C.A. 1994. Faunal associations and ecological interactions in seagrass communities
of the Pacific Northwest coast, pp.11-17. In: Wyllie-Echeverria, S., A.M. Olson and M.J.
Hershman (eds). 1994. Seagrass Science and Policy in the Pacific Northwest: Proceedings of a
Seminar Series. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. (SMA 94-1). EPA 910/R-
94 004. 63 pp.
Thom, R.M. 1990. a review of eelgrass (zostera marina) transplanting projects in the pacific
northwest. The Northwest Environmental Journal. 6:121-137 University of Washington, Seattle
WWA.
Thom, RM, A. Borde, G. Williams, J. Southard, S. Blanto and D. Woodruff. 2001. Effects of
Multiple Stressors on Eelgrass Restoration Projects. In: Puget Sound georgia basin research
conference proceedings. Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory. Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory 2001
Wyllie-Echeverria, S., T. Mumford and N. Hu. 2005. Retrospective analysis of eelgrass (Zostera
marina) abundance in small embayments within the San Juan Archipelago, Washington.
Presentation at the 2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference, March 29-31, Seattle,
Washington.
Wyllie-Echeverria, S., T.E. Mumford, J.K. Gaydos and S. Buffum. 2003. Westcott Bay Task
Force Workshop Summary. Friday Harbor, WA
Wyllie-Echeverria, S., A. M. Olson and M. J. Hershman (eds.). 1994. Seagrass science and
policy in the Pacific Northwest: Proceedings of a seminar series. (SMA 94-1). EPA 910/R-94-
004.