Reproductive-Injustice-FULL-REPORT-FINAL-2-11-15

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Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/uterinefibroids.pdf Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). Minority Women’s Health: Uterine Fibroids. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.womenshealth.gov/minority-health/african-americans/uterine-fibroids.html 123. See note 67, Health Services Policy Manual. NYS DOCCS. (6/11/1991). Informed Consent. Health Services Policy Manual, 7.07. (On file at the CA). 124. “Most women are asked to make a follow up appointment with the surgeon’s office two to six weeks after surgery.” Feldman, S. (2014) Patient information: Care after gynecologic surgery (Beyond the Basics). UpToDate. Retrieved on September 23, 2014 from www.uptodate.com/contents/care-after-gynecologicsurgery-beyond-the-basicsview=print See also Jolicoeur, L., Payette, S. & Sumure, G. (n.d.). Understanding your Abdominal Hysterectomy. The Society of Gynecologic Oncology of Canada. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.g-o-c.org/en/patientadvocacy/ cancers/abd_hyster.aspx Midwest Women Obstetrician/Gynecology, Ltd. (n.d.). Post Operative Instructions for Vaginal Hysterectomy. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.midwestwomenobgyn.com/08_mw_postopfaq/07_VAGHYST.pdf 125. The number of sanitary napkins DOCCS distributes to women in its custody is not dictated by written policy. DOCCS Directive 4009 includes only a reference to the provision of sanitary supplies, not the amount: “The following shall be provided at time of reception: A. Bar of soap; B. Toothbrush; C. Toothpaste; D. Disposable razor (this item may be made available as needed; to be returned when the shave is completed); E. Drinking cup; F. Roll of toilet paper. […] G. Comb of non-hazardous design and material; H. Sanitary napkins for female inmates.” (p. 2). NYS DOCCS. (7/15/2011). Directive 4009: Minimum Provisions for Health and Morale. (On file at the CA). 126. During communication with the CA in summer 2014, DOCCS reported that Taconic’s practice on distributing sanitary napkins is as follows: “Medical staff have been giving an incontinence pad (Serenity Pad) to inmates who have come to medical and indicated that they have a need for a heavy menstrual pad. The facility plans to replace the Serenity Pad with a Super Kotex napkin for heavy menstrual flow. Ultimately, the inmate will be given a pack of 20 Super Kotex napkins, in addition to the regular issue of 2 packs of 12 regular napkins (24). On occasion, inmates have complained that they need more sanitary napkins or heavier sanitary napkins, but many do not also want to then be assessed by medical staff for the heavier sanitary napkins, which is a precautionary health care protocol (blood counts, pelvic exams, cancer screenings, etc.), to see if they have a more serious problem that may need medical attention. Lastly, the facility reported that an agreement was reached with the Inmate Liaison Committee whereby extra personal items, including sanitary napkins, were placed in the housing units. The facility also noted that sanitary napkins are placed within inmate program areas and visiting bathrooms. Lastly, the facility explained that they had not received any complaints or grievances on this matter.” See note 36, Letter from NYS DOCCS received on September 4, 2014. 127. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/blooddisorders/women/menorrhagia.html 128. “…period pain is caused by a temporary reduction in blood flow to or over-distension of hollow organs such as the bowel or uterus, causing local tissue damage and activating pain receptors….The heat doesn’t just provide comfort and have a placebo effect….It actually deactivates the pain at a molecular level in much the same way as pharmaceutical painkillers work.” BBC World News. (2006). Heat ‘blocks body’s pain signals.’ Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5144864.stm 129. For example, getting enough calcium can help reduce the risk of osteoporosis and reduce Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) symptoms, and getting appropriate nutrition can help reduce abdominal pain in women with endometriosis. See The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2011). Premenstrual Syndrome. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq057. pdfdmc=1&ts=20121106T2041419387 endometriosis.org (2006). Endometriosis Plays a Role in Reproductive Health. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from endometriosis.org/news/research/nutrition-plays-a-role-in-reproductive-health/ 130. Bates, G.W. (n.d.). Abnormal Body Weight: A Preventable Cause of Infertility. American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.asrm.org/uploadedFiles/ASRM_Content/Resources/Patient_ Resources/Protect_Your_Fertility/bodyweight_infertility.pdf Endnotes February 2015 191
van der Steeg, J.W., Steures, P., Eijkemans, M., et al. (2008). Obesity affects spontaneous pregnancy changes in subfertile, ovulatory women. Human Reproduction, 23(2), 324-328. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from humrep. oxfordjournals.org/content/23/2/324.full 131. “Most of us, at one time or another have used food to numb or deny our feelings, to comfort ourselves, or to put some order in our lives. Who among us hasn’t at one time either binged for felt nauseated when scared, depressed, angry, lonely, or sad However, when we let food become the major outlet for expressing our feelings, we risk damaging our physical and emotional health. Eating this way is a common strategy for many women to cope with a variety of issues: family problems, stress, anger, verbal, and physical abuse, racism, sexism, homophobia, and general feelings of inadequacy. Though disordered eating is often seen as the main problem, it may be a symptom of these other, deeper emotional issues and deflect attention from them” (p. 38). The BostonWomen’s Health Book Collective. (2005). Our Bodies, Ourselves. New York, NY: Touchstone. “Research suggests that prolonged stress contributes to high blood pressure, promotes the formation of artery-clogging deposits, and causes brain changes that may contribute to anxiety, depression, and addiction. More preliminary research suggests that chronic stress may also contribute to obesity, both through direct mechanisms (causing people to eat more) or indirectly (decreasing sleep and exercise).” Harvard Medical School. (2011). Understanding the stress response. Harvard Mental Health Letter, 27(9), 4-5. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Mental_Health_Letter/2011/March/ understanding-the-stress-response See also Fallon, P., Katzman, M.A., & Wooley, C.M. (1994). Feminist Perspectives on Eating Disorders. New York, NY: The Guilford Press Schulherr, S. (2008). Eating Disorders for Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc. 132. NYS DOCCS. (2007). Nutritional Services Operations Manual. (On file at the CA). 133. NYS DOCCS. (2003). Cook/chill providing meals to every prison, weighing outside contracts. DOCS Today, 12(9), 4. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.doccs.ny.gov/PressRel/DOCSToday/September2003edition.pdf 134. See note 132. NYS DOCCS. (1/18/2008, Rev. 10/07/2009). Directive 4202: Religious Programs and Practices. (On file at the CA). 135. NYS DOCCS. (2002). Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Manual. (On file at the CA). 136. “A 28-day cycle menu with seasonal changes provides 2900-3500 calories and 96-118 grams of protein daily depending on portion sizes.” Id., p. 8. 137. Chow, E.A., Foster, H., Gonzalez, V., McIver, L. (2012). The Disparate Impact of Diabetes on Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations. Clinical Diabetes, 30(3), 130-133. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from m.clinical. diabetesjournals.org/content/30/3/130/full.pdf 138. NYS DOCCS. (3/9/2009). Vitamins. Health Services Policy Manual, 1.02. (On file at the CA). 139. “…multivitamin supplementation of people infected with HIV, particularly pregnant women, is strongly suggested.” (Abstract). Mehta, S. & Fawzi, W. (2007). Effects of vitamins, including vitamin A, on HIV/AIDS patients. Vitamins & Hormones, 75, 355-83. “Most of the studies we examined do not provide strong evidence for beneficial health-related effects of [multivitamin] supplements taken singly, in pairs, or in combinations of three or more. Within some studies or subgroups of the study populations, there is encouraging evidence of health benefits, such as increased bone mineral density and decreased fractures in postmenopausal women who use calcium and vitamin D supplements. However, several other studies also provide disturbing evidence of risk, such as increased lung cancer risk with β-carotene use among smokers.” NIH State-of-the-Science Conference Statement on Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements and Chronic Disease Prevention (2006). NIH Consens State Sci Statements, May 15-17, 23(2), 1-30. Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17332802 140. This may be connected to reductions in DOCCS medication budget over the past few years. “Funding for medical supplies and medications has declined by 6.3% during the past three fiscal years.” See note 55, 2013 Comments re: DOH Oversight of HIV/HCV Care in NYS Prisons, p. 5. 141. “…multivitamin supplementation of people infected with HIV, particularly pregnant women, is strongly suggested.” (Abstract). Mehta, S., & Fawzi, W. (2007). Effects of vitamins, including vitamin A, on HIV/AIDS patients. Vitamins & Hormones, 75, 355-83. 142. NYS DOCCS. (3/9/2009). Vitamins. Health Services Policy Manual, 1.02. (On file at the CA). 192 Women in Prison Project, Correctional Association of New York
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Reproductive Injustice: The State o
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about the correctional association
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Table of Contents Foreword ........
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Nutrition and vitamin supplements .
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Nursery at Bedford Hills ..........
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acknowledgements This report is ded
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Foreword This report is an invaluab
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As a result, the U.S. currently inc
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key findings Top 10 problems relate
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they asked for help with menopause
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key recommendations For DOCCS 1 ) D
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Methodology This study is part of t
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for written policies, citing Public
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Given these possibilities, we prese
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a note about the recommendations in
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The two prisons we visited that Gov
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albion Albion Correctional Facility
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edford hills Bedford Hills Correcti
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taconic Taconic Correctional Facili
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ayview Bayview Correctional Facilit
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key facts about women in new york
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and many medical charts are sorely
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This last recommendation is critica
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and jails across the state. 65 This
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Examples of areas where DOCCS’ po
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SECTION 2 General Reproductive Heal
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Each prison also has emergency sick
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espondents said it takes more than
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Not receiving timely follow-up for
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2 ) Station at least one nurse on-s
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On the second issue, many women wro
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quality of gyn clinical interaction
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Overall, more than one-third (39%,
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When CA staff raised this issue wit
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quality of medical charts Keeping g
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Annual exams annual gyn exams, pap
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Others recommend screenings every t
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hysterectomies A hysterectomy, surg
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access to sanitary supplies Sanitar
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Toilet paper supplies Not getting e
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weight, nutrition and vitamin suppl
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instead. 140 Women noted that they
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contraception Access to contracepti
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Contraception for women in the Fami
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Emergency contraception and post-ex
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health education Health education i
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Ultimately, while written material
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SECTION 3 Care for Pregnant Women o
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DOCCS has no written policies outli
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pregnancy testing DOCCS requires wo
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DOCCS prisons do not adequately col
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including when medical staff take t
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sterilization The U.S. has a grim h
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ecommendations For DOCCS 1 ) Train
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the frequency generally recommended
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All pregnancy survey respondents an
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3 ) Shorten considerably the waitin
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they do not move onto the nursery u
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strip frisks (when an officer searc
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going to bed hungry many, many nigh
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having a baby: labor and delivery W
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Barbara Barbara was seven months pr
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For some women, the presence of cor
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For hospitals contracting with DOCC
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• “I was on one side of the hos
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ecommendations For DOCCS and hospit
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ack from the hospital, which can ir
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after release and only 10% returned
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As for child welfare history, it is
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women could use the certificate the
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Before Bedford imposed this policy,
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holds a clinic twice per month at t
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For Judges 1 ) Make use of communit
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Association of Women’s Health, Ob
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• Two women were cuffed to the st
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Page 155 and 156: For agencies that contract with DOC
Page 157 and 158: days) while people in SHU can spend
Page 159 and 160: a significantly better option than
Page 161 and 162: Accessing GYN care Many women have
Page 163 and 164: wrote that the prison’s SHU exam
Page 165 and 166: of Law Professor Alexander Reinert.
Page 167 and 168: order standard prenatal tests, pres
Page 169 and 170: ecommendations For DOCCS 1 ) Elimin
Page 171 and 172: equiring DOH to conduct annual revi
Page 173 and 174: There is still room for improvement
Page 175 and 176: explained that this atmosphere make
Page 177 and 178: HIV testing for pregnant women DOCC
Page 179 and 180: Education about HIV medication, tra
Page 181 and 182: eproductive health care and women g
Page 183 and 184: CA how many women were going throug
Page 185 and 186: - our food is beyond bad and I’m
Page 187 and 188: appendix: biographies of expert rea
Page 189 and 190: The U.S. Bureau of Justice Statisti
Page 191 and 192: 22. “Privileged Correspondence is
Page 193 and 194: incarcerated person, and grandparen
Page 195 and 196: Review, May 24. Retrieved on June 1
Page 197 and 198: facilities; the initial health appr
Page 199 and 200: NYS DOCCS. (11/1/1993). Correcting
Page 201: MedlinePlus. (2012). Breast self ex
Page 205 and 206: 153. Planned Parenthood. (2014). Bi
Page 207 and 208: 176. According to DOCCS, 43% of wom
Page 209 and 210: www.plannedparenthood.org/health-to
Page 211 and 212: (2005). A Closer Look at the Oral H
Page 213 and 214: eturn of blood to your heart. In tu
Page 215 and 216: 252. See note 62. See also Women’
Page 217 and 218: 268. See note 258. See Apgar v. Bea
Page 219 and 220: 290. “The Eighth Amendment to the
Page 221 and 222: should not be considered as an opti
Page 223 and 224: Calls on Nations to End Solitary Co
Page 225 and 226: 343. See American Civil Liberties U
Page 227 and 228: Report, 17(1). Retrieved on July 15
Page 229 and 230: home communities.” New York State
Page 231 and 232: Recommendations for Use of Antiretr
Page 233: Retrieved on July 15, 2014 from www
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