Cosmopolitan Fantasies: Romanticising Language Learning - ceelbas
Cosmopolitan Fantasies: Romanticising Language Learning - ceelbas
Cosmopolitan Fantasies: Romanticising Language Learning - ceelbas
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THE<br />
COSMOPOLITAN<br />
SPEAKER:<br />
LOCATING<br />
IMAGINED<br />
WORLDS<br />
Click to edit Master subtitle style<br />
Cristina Ros i Sole<br />
UCL<br />
King’s College London
Summary of talk<br />
• Context of today’s language learner.<br />
• Moving away from binary conceptions of<br />
cultures. Reflecting on ‘difference’.<br />
• Beyond pragmatism. Learners’imaginaries;<br />
Learners’ subjectivities.<br />
• Examples of students of Croatian/Serbian<br />
and Arabic<br />
• Conceptualising the <strong>Cosmopolitan</strong><br />
Speaker
The Context of Today’s<br />
<strong>Language</strong> Learner<br />
• The role of the intercultural speaker and notions<br />
of intercultural competences need to be revisited<br />
• Learners cannot be locked into standarized and<br />
reified fixed cultural identities (increased mobility<br />
and networked interconnectivity play a key role).<br />
• Learners are sophisticated intercultural<br />
brokers…they have greater agency and<br />
subjectivity -> learners are not naïve undiscerning<br />
consumers of cultures.
The beginnings of ICC<br />
Byram and Fleming (1998:8) were pioneers in<br />
introducing the concept of ICC in language<br />
education:<br />
‘this intercultural speaker is able to establish a<br />
relationship between their own and the other<br />
cultures, to mediate and explain difference – and<br />
ultimately to accept that difference and see the<br />
common humanity beneath it’
<strong>Romanticising</strong> language learning<br />
• ‘A “Romantic” disposition places the individual at<br />
the heart of the language learning project,<br />
accentuating the personal value of the intercultural<br />
encounter’ (Ros i Sole and Fenoulhet 2013:1, in<br />
press).<br />
• Multiplying and fantasizing about difference.<br />
• Moods and state of minds inflect<br />
representations of cultures.<br />
• The Intercultural conflict both<br />
destabilises the self, and opens up new<br />
avenues for the self.
Methodology<br />
• Diary writing , interviews and ethnographic fieldwork.<br />
• Insight into learners’ subjectivity, day-to-day<br />
activities and ordinary thoughts.<br />
• 6 participants of three different languages in<br />
three different institutions.<br />
• Illustrations of three participants: Weronika and<br />
Olga (Croatian), Antonia (Arabic).<br />
• Data was treated ‘holistically’ and informants as<br />
people.<br />
• Case studies present portraits of people and<br />
‘telling cases’
Olga:<br />
‘She walks out of her family…’<br />
• ‘It actually started when my mum gave me a book that was<br />
written in the 1930s/40s about this woman travelling<br />
through…It’s called Illyrian Springs, sort of along the<br />
coastline. So I had this kind of romantic notion. And then<br />
also Yugoslavia, this socialist history (…) It’s this woman,<br />
it’s fiction. I think it was written in the 30s or 40s. (…) She is<br />
kind of this upper class woman who gets really fed up with<br />
her husband so she just walks out of her family and she is<br />
going to Greece and she sets off by train and she travels all<br />
the way through but she gets to Illyria and Dalmatia. And<br />
she never gets any further. And she meets with these<br />
amazing characters. She has this fantastic love affair and<br />
all this sort of stuff. So I just had this incredible romantic<br />
view (…)
Mary:<br />
‘(She) went off and bought some<br />
camels..’<br />
• Mary- (…) I’ve got a book. No, it was a TV show about Lady<br />
Hester Stanhope. It was a comedy, but it was loosely based<br />
on her life. Her husband died, so she had no money. So she<br />
decided to leave the country and they went off to the Middle<br />
East. She was buried (…) near Damascus, where is that?<br />
Palmira! She is buried in Palmira. And she was a very<br />
famous British (…) 200 years ago. She just took her maid<br />
and went off and bought some camels and went exploring.<br />
I’m really interested in women who have done this. And I<br />
have a lot of literature and travel writing about people’s<br />
adventures in the Middle East and I find it…I want to go and<br />
do that. That sound like fun. I know it would be a very<br />
different experience even, to a few years ago’
Weronika:<br />
‘Balancing on Cultural Lines’<br />
Cristina- How do you identify yourself in all these countries?<br />
Weronika- Oh, that’s a difficult question, since I usually try to deconstruct<br />
such concepts such as Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Western Europe.<br />
I think it’s best to see yourself as fluctuating. Certain aspects of me are<br />
very westernised since I have been living here for such a long time, in<br />
Western Europe, so I think that certain aspects such as individualism are<br />
completely western, whereas others, well the post-socialist experience and<br />
what it means to live in a socialist country, to be able to understand how<br />
people feel there and what do they expect from life. To understand the<br />
attachment to religion and family is very Central European and I think I<br />
can understand that because of my heritage. So I always feel myself as<br />
balancing on this line and maybe playing a little bit with those<br />
images and taking whatever I see as suitable for myself from<br />
either.<br />
• Weronika’s interview, 11/03/2009, lines 148-163
Antonia:<br />
‘Wedged between the West and the East’<br />
• Antonia- Well, I find it rather strange , even though I haven’t<br />
been exposed to that culture but the fact that I read more<br />
about it…I need to learn Arabic, of course. I find that<br />
actually there are some common things between my<br />
background and that background. It’s difficult to give you<br />
concrete examples, but I did find that…You know. I only<br />
have been to Turkey and Jordan as Eastern countries, Middle<br />
Eastern countries, and I think there are things that we share,<br />
even the way that we think as a nation. It is probably more<br />
influenced by that culture than by Western European<br />
culture. Because this country, Romania, is wedged between<br />
the west and the east and we have had all these influences<br />
and I do recognise some bits and pieces, although it’s very<br />
early, you can’t actually know until you are there, you are<br />
steeped in that culture.
Weronika’s Banal <strong>Cosmopolitan</strong>ism<br />
Having come back from London, I received the regular order<br />
of my fruit and veg box. And I found, amongst other things,<br />
the January King cabbage –at least I think that is how it is<br />
called. And I found myself planning to make Sarma – a<br />
Balkan speciality, which is making by wrapping meat and<br />
rice filling in cooked cabbage leaves. This dish is found in<br />
almost all central European countries existing as gotjabki in<br />
Poland and Kohlrouladen in Germany. But as I was looking<br />
up the recipes for Sarma on the internet I remembered its<br />
texture and taste as I ate it in Bosnian restaurants in<br />
Sarajevo. It was perfect.<br />
Weronika’s Diary, page 18
<strong>Cosmopolitan</strong> Competences<br />
• Breaking down of territorial boundaries<br />
• Extension of moral responsibility and solidarity to<br />
communities beyond the local or the national.<br />
• Multiple loyalties within transnational ways of life<br />
(Beck 2006)<br />
• Rejection of national-state as the cultural (and<br />
socio-political) unit and replacing it with<br />
transnational approaches and their<br />
interdependence.
The <strong>Cosmopolitan</strong> Speaker<br />
1. ‘Difference’ is personalised and localised.<br />
2. Gradual building of cultural credentials<br />
through learners’ experiences and trajectory.<br />
3. Testing and reconstructing the boundaries of<br />
the self<br />
4. The cultural and the intimate<br />
5. Testing the self in processes of becoming<br />
(there is no barrier between the ‘self’ and what<br />
is ‘possible’ in another culture).
Conclusion<br />
• The Intercultural Speaker assumes a static national<br />
binary paradigm that limits the positions language<br />
learners can adopt: as tourist, business/women<br />
(insiders or outsiders) and the stances they can take.<br />
• We need more flexible paradigms that allow for<br />
language learners to be more dynamic and embrace<br />
‘spaghetti junction’ identities (Cooke 2013) that position<br />
them at different stages.<br />
• Learners do not only aspire to ‘mediate’ between two<br />
stable and static cultures but they inhabit, grow and<br />
transform themselves and their cultures.
6/4/12<br />
Thanks!