Living Things

Organization Of
Living Things
Featuring :
The way scientists
organize organisms
>Adaptations
>Microscopes
>Single and multi celled organisms
>Life in a kingdoms

Cl assif ying
l iving t hings
How to classify a human being using a
classification system.
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Animalia
-Organisms that are able to move.
Chordates
-Animals with backbone.
Mammals
-Chordates with fur/ hair, and milk glands.
Primates
-Mammals with collar bones and fingers.
Hominids
-Primates with close flat faces and can see
things in 3D.
Homo
-Hominids with vertical posture and big brains.
Homo Sapiens
-Members of the genus homo with their
forehead high up, and thin skull bones.
http:/ / cristinahenryclassification.weebly.com/

Animal ia
What is an animal?
Animalia is one of the five
kingdoms. The animal
kingdom are all multi-cellular
organisms. Animals are
organisms that can move by
themselves. The largest animal
in the world comes from the
deep seas. It is a blue whale.
The largest blue whale
recorded is 33 meters long
and almost 200 tons.
Fun facts about blue whales
The blue whales call is the loudest noise that
an animal can make on the planet. A blue
whales tongue weighs more than a fully
grown elephant.
http:/ / twistedsifter.com/ 2009/ 10/ the-largest-animal-ever/
Blue whale comparisons

Pl ant ae
Plantae is one of the five kingdoms as well. Plants are divided into two
different groups: vascular plants and non-vascular. Vascular is when plants have
tubes where water goes up from the root, and at the same time their
food(sugar)goes through a different set of tubes spreading throughout the
plant. Examples of vascular plants are trees and grass. Non-vascular plants are
plants that are usually small and take in water directly through their cell walls.
Plants have very complicated cells, and they can make their own food which is
called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is when plants use carbon dioxide gas as
food then release oxygen gas as waste. Usually plants cannot move unless they
are growing. Moss is an example of a non-vascular plant.
Fun Fact
Venus fly traps are some of the
few plants that can move.

Fungi
Fungi get their nutrients by
absorbing nutrients from other
organisms, dead or living things.
Most fungi are multi-cellular. All
fungi cells have a nucleus and a
cell wall. Some people might
wonder what fungi is, so some
examples of fungi could be
mushrooms, moulds, and yeasts.
These are mushrooms
Fun Fact
Penicillin is a medication that is
used to fight bacteria when a
person is sick it is made from a
mould called penicillium
notatum.

Pr ot ist a
Protista is the kingdom that that holds all the leftovers. Protists have the
biggest variety of members then any other kingdom Most protists are
unicellular although there are some multi-cellular protists. their cells
have a nucleus. Some protists can make their own food, but others can
not. Some protists are very large, like seaweed. Other protists are so small
that they need a microscope to be seen. Protists like to stay around moist
or wet environments.
http:/ / www.deviantart.com/ morelikethis/ 304270316
This is a paramecia. It moves around to find

Moner a
All the organisms in the monera
kingdom are prokaryotes. A
prokaryotes is a unicellular
organism that lacks a nucleus. The
Monera kingdom was once all
bacteria. Scientists have now
divided Monera into two kingdoms
made of "True Bacteria" and
"Ancient Bacteria". Ancient
bacteria are unicellular
micro-organisms, their cells have
no nucleus, some ancient bacteria
can make their own food and can
live in extreme environments, such
hot sulfur springs and deep seas.
True bacteria are also unicellular
and don't have a nucleus. They live
in the air, in soil and in water
around us. This bacteria does not
usually live in the extreme
environments.
Fun fact
Scientists estimate that there
are 50 billion bacterias in a
single drop of water.
A drop of water
Glowing bacteria
http:/ / myemail.constantcontact.com/ News-from-Experience-Momentum.html?soid=1100415769139&aid=HJGX2yo5BL4

Adapt at ions
Adaptations:
An adaptation is a process where an
organism becomes better suited to it?s
habitat; things that organisms do that help
them to survive better, changing the way
they act.
This is a liana in the rain forest
http:/ / www.panthera.org/ node/ 3406
Hibernate: A period of time
when organisms use much
less energy and are less
active.
Camouflage: An organism's
ability to blend into its
surroundings
This tiger is camouflaging
Behavioural adaptations : Habits or activities that organisms do that
helps them survive. For example, grizzlies hibernate in winter. That is a
behavioral adaptation. It increases their chance of survival in winter.
Another example would be a Liana, found on the rain forest floor, it can
grow up to 3 000 feet in search of light.
Physical Adaptations: Organisms that have physical attributes that
make them comfortable in their habitats is called physical adaptations. For
example, tigers have stripes that make them able to camouflage in places
at crucial times such as when they are stalking prey.

Micr oscopes
What is a microscope?
A microscope is a tool that helps you be able to see things that you cannot
see with the naked eye. A microscope magnifies objects by bending light
through a piece of curved glass (lens). A lens can help you see very tiny
objects that without it you would never be able to see. Some microscopes
allow you to see smaller objects than others. It just depends on how it is
made. A lens (some people refer to it as a magnifying glass) is a very simple
version of a microscope.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
made the first real microscope.
He was a worker in a dry goods
store where you needed
magnifying experience. In
teaching himself new ways to
grind and polish tiny lenses with
large curves, he was one step
closer towards the building of
the first microscope. He was the
first person in history to see
bacteria, yeast plants, a drop of
water, and the circulation of
blood cells in nerves. During his
life he used his lenses to make
some of the first studies on both
living and non-living things.
Fun Fact
In 1590 two dutch men, Zacharias and Hans
Janssen were playing with lenses in a tube
when they realized that objects nearby
became bigger when looking through the
tube.
This is Anton Van Leeuwenhoek's very
first microscope.
http:/ / www.morning-earth.org

Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke, known as the english father of microscopy, made a copy of Van
Leeuwenhoek's light microscope and then tweaked his design to make it better.
Charles A. Spencer
Only a few big improvements were made until the middle of the 19th century.
American, Charles A Spencer, made the next the next big improvement on van
Leeuwenhoek?s design.Making it now able to give magnifications up to 1250
diameters with ordinary light and up to 5000 with blue light.
The Basic Compound Microscope
The simplest microscope of all is a magnifying glass. It is made from a single
convex lens (the lens is wider in the middle) which typically magnifies by about
5?10 times. Microscopes that are used in homes, schools, and science laboratories
are actually compound microscopes and use at least two lenses to produce a
magnified image. Most compound microscopes can magnify by 10, 20, 40, or 100
times, though professional ones can magnify by 1000 times or more. For greater
magnification than this, scientists generally use electron microscopes(An Electron
microscopes are microscopes that use electrons rather than light are called electron
microscopes.)
Compoud microscope
How to care for a compound
microscope
1-Always carefully carry your microscope with
two hands and place in flat surfaces only.
2-Always plug in your microscope before turning it
on.
3-Prepare your slides properly by placing a
coverslip, or cover glass, over anything you view to
prevent any from getting on the lens. The lens
should not touch the slide or cover glass,to
prevent damage to the lense
4-Do not touch any glass pieces on the microscope
with your fingers. Use special lens paper if needed
5-Put away your microscope properly by lowering
the stage as much as possible turning it off, and
unplugging the microscope.

Singl e cel l ul ar and
mul t i- cel l ul ar
A unicellular(also referred to as single cellular) organism is an organism that
consists of one cell. Unicellular organisms are generally micro-organisms
meaning they pretty much always need to have a microscope to be seen. Bacteria
would be a good example of a unicellular organism. Most Unicellular organisms
fall under the kingdoms of Monera and Protista.
At four inches in length a xenophyophores have what reporters think is the
biggest unicellular organisms on the earth. Found on October 24, 2011, located
over six miles below the surface of the pacific in the Mariana Trench. These
protists make a living by crawling through solid residue from liquid solution and
can collect high levels of toxic metals like uranium, lead, and mercury.
This a photo of a xenophyophores
The cedar tree
and the ant are
both
multi-cellular but
the cedar tree is
way bigger
Multi-cellular
Organisms that have many cells are called multicellular. Multicellular organisms
have many cells, each with their own nucleus and organelles to help
function.Just because an organism has multiple cells does not mean its large a
ant and a cedar tree are both multi-cellular. Multi-cellular organisms usually fall
under the kingdoms; Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi.

Technologies used for extreme
environments
Technologies that could be used for extreme
environments are radars, satellites, and sonars.Radars
are used to explore, radio waves are invisible waves
that carries voices, music, pictures, and signals
through the air. Satellites are objects in space that go
around the earth or other planets. Sonars are echoes
of sound waves. Each of these technologies help in
environmental explorations
Satellite
Obstacles unique to exploration of oceans
for example in underwater explorations divers need
to be able to breathe, and control their floating and
sinking under incredible pressure. So the invention of
scuba-diving, and Aqua-Lung has allowed divers to
carry their air supply on their back, and breathe at a
regulated pressure with their mouth piece.
Contribution to Canadian Technologies
In 1839, Canada built the first magnetic observatory.
Also in 1981, the very first Canadarm was launched
onboard the space shuttle Columbia.Voyager 2 is one
of the space probes to leave the solar system, and it
uses Canadian designed equipment. canada is a part of
a group working to bring samples of Mars back to
Earth; The Canadian Space Agency is part of that
work.Other important contributions of Canadians are,
insulin Dr. Charles Hebert Best and Frederick Grant
Banting,telephone by Alexander Graham Bell, the first
light bulb by Henry Woodward.
Radar screen
Sonar
Scuba wear