Performance of Biofuels and Biolubricants - Bioeconomy ...
Performance of Biofuels and Biolubricants - Bioeconomy ...
Performance of Biofuels and Biolubricants - Bioeconomy ...
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<strong>Performance</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
Bi<strong>of</strong>uels <strong>and</strong> <strong>Biolubricants</strong><br />
National Ag-Based Lubricants Center<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Northern Iowa<br />
Dr. Lou A.T. Honary<br />
Pr<strong>of</strong>essor <strong>and</strong> Director<br />
Biobased Industry Outlook Conference –<br />
September 2008
Outline:<br />
• Background <strong>of</strong> NABL <strong>and</strong> resources<br />
• UNI-NABL commercial efforts<br />
• Government focus on biobased products<br />
• Characteristics <strong>of</strong> vegetable oils<br />
• Where the research is heading:<br />
• Specialty crops for food/fuel/chemicals<br />
• Industrial crops for chemicals <strong>and</strong> for fuels<br />
• Decentralized near-the-farm processing <strong>and</strong> value adding<br />
• Conclusions
The University <strong>of</strong> Northern Iowa<br />
www.uni.edu
UNI-NABL Center Established 1991<br />
www.uni.edu/NABL
US Lubricants Market<br />
1.4 Billion<br />
Gallons<br />
Automotive<br />
56%<br />
Industrial<br />
44%<br />
1.1 Billion<br />
Gallons<br />
2.5 Billion Gallons Total
UNI-NABL Center<br />
• Through DOE grants, implemented a $5 million<br />
expansion <strong>of</strong> testing capabilities including full line<br />
<strong>of</strong> Biodiesel Testing Equipment<br />
• NABL will serve the interests <strong>of</strong> the biobased<br />
products industry<br />
• NABL will be an important part <strong>of</strong> the national<br />
infrastructure for biobased economic development
Mission:<br />
To provide a national focus for research <strong>and</strong><br />
technology transfer activities that creates <strong>and</strong><br />
nurtures the commercialization <strong>of</strong> biobased<br />
lubricants which will exp<strong>and</strong> market opportunities for<br />
the agricultural community, minimize environmental<br />
impact, <strong>and</strong> help the United States become more<br />
energy independent.
Equipped to work with biolubes <strong>and</strong> bi<strong>of</strong>uels
UNI-NABL Commercial Efforts<br />
Developed over 30 Lubricants <strong>and</strong> Greases Commercialized<br />
Hydraulic Oils – 5 products<br />
Greases – 7 products<br />
Metalworking Fluids – 7 products<br />
Chain Bar Lubricants – 2 products<br />
Transformer cooling oils – 1 product<br />
Solid Lubricants – 1 product<br />
Wood preservatives – 1<br />
Other – 6
SoyLube in Retail
Commercial spin-<strong>of</strong>f to <strong>of</strong>fer a full line <strong>of</strong> biobased<br />
lubricants <strong>and</strong> greases
Soy/canola Bio-Lubes:<br />
Technology is transferable
Governmental Forces Driving<br />
1. Farm Bills<br />
Biobased Development<br />
2. Federal Biobased Preferred Procurement Program<br />
www.biopreferred.gov/<br />
3. USDA - DOE Joint Efforts<br />
4. State <strong>of</strong> Iowa Initiatives
USDA Recently Listed<br />
Biobased Labeled Products<br />
1. Hydraulic Fluids for Mobile<br />
Equipment<br />
2. Urethane Ro<strong>of</strong> Coatings<br />
3. Water Tank Coatings<br />
4. Diesel Fuel Additives<br />
5. Penetrating Lubricants<br />
6. Bedding, Bed Linens &Towels<br />
7. Adhesive & Mastic Removers<br />
8. Insulating Foam for Wall<br />
Construction<br />
9. H<strong>and</strong> Cleaners & Sanitizers<br />
10. Composite Panels<br />
11. Fluid-Filled Transformers<br />
12. Biodegradable Containers<br />
13. Fertilizers<br />
14. Metalworking Fluids<br />
15. Sorbents<br />
16. Graffiti & Grease Removers<br />
17. Two-Cycle Engine Oils<br />
18. Lip Care Products<br />
19. Biodegradable Films<br />
20. Hydraulic Fluids for Stationary<br />
21. Equipment<br />
22. Biodegradable Cutlery<br />
23. Glass Cleaners<br />
24. Greases<br />
25. Dust Suppressants<br />
26. Carpets<br />
27. Carpet & Upholstery Cleaners
Biomass Research <strong>and</strong> Development<br />
Initiative (USDA-DOE)<br />
Vision Statement<br />
By 2030, a well established, economically viable,<br />
bioenergy <strong>and</strong> biobased products industry will continue<br />
new economic opportunities for the United States,<br />
protect <strong>and</strong> enhance our environment, strengthen U.S.<br />
energy security, provide economic opportunity, <strong>and</strong><br />
deliver improved products to consumers.
DOE/USDA Biomass R&D Technical<br />
Advisory Committee<br />
Vision Goals<br />
Units 2000 2004 2010 2015 2020 2030<br />
BioFuels<br />
BioPower<br />
Market Share (%)<br />
Consumption<br />
Billion. Gas. Equiv. Gal<br />
Market Share<br />
0.7<br />
1,104<br />
1.2<br />
2,111<br />
4<br />
8,016<br />
6<br />
12,852<br />
10<br />
22,725<br />
20<br />
50,994<br />
(%) 3 3 4 5.5 7 7<br />
Consumption<br />
(Quadrillion BTU) 2.04 2,13 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.8<br />
Market Share %<br />
2.13<br />
3.2<br />
3.4<br />
3.8<br />
BioProducts<br />
Production<br />
(in Billion Pounds) 12.4<br />
17.6 23.7<br />
26.4<br />
35.6<br />
55.3<br />
www.brdisolutions.com
Projected Bi<strong>of</strong>uel Sources
State <strong>of</strong> Iowa Initiatives<br />
Senate File 2185 (1998)<br />
• Purchasing preference for soy hydraulic oils.<br />
Senate File 2249 (2000)<br />
• Amended SF 2185 to include soy lubricants <strong>and</strong> greases.<br />
House File 645 (2003)<br />
• Provides a sales / use tax exemption for purchasers <strong>of</strong> soy rail lubricants<br />
Senate File (2005)<br />
State Corporate Income Tax Credit $2.00/gallon up to 2000 gallon per<br />
company for switching to soy based METALWORKING FLUIDS.<br />
Senate File (2006)<br />
State Corporate Income Tax Credit <strong>of</strong> $2.00/gallon up to 20,000 gallons per<br />
company for switching to soy based TRANSFORMER Oil.
Vegetable Oils as Base Oils
Advantages <strong>and</strong> Disadvantages<br />
• Naturally Better Lubricant<br />
• Better Viscosity / Pressure <strong>Performance</strong><br />
• Superior Thin Film Strength<br />
• Excellent Viscosity Index<br />
• Lower Volatility<br />
• High Flash / Fire Points<br />
_________________<br />
• If Untreated, Lack Oxidative Stability<br />
• If Untreated, Have High Pour Points<br />
• Compatibility - different for some materials
Changes in Oil Viscosity<br />
ASTM-D2271 (1000-Hour Pump Test)
Changes in Viscosity in ASTM-D2271<br />
(1,000 hrs @ 1,000 psi @ 79°C)<br />
Oil Types % Oleic Δ Viscosity (cSt.)<br />
Crude Soy 23.4 43.86<br />
Low Linolenic Soy 32.9 20.57<br />
Chemically Modified Soy 37.5 24.18<br />
Expelled Crude Soy 23.4 19.15<br />
UHO Sunflower 86.8 16.23<br />
HO Sunflower 78.2 19.24<br />
HO Canola (supplier 1) 76.5 19.53<br />
HO Canola (supplier 2) 76.0 14.08<br />
Palm Oil 38.8 12.97<br />
Meadowform 62.5 32.55
Solution Approaches<br />
•Genetic enhancement <strong>of</strong> oilseeds<br />
•Breeding techniques to find new more stable<br />
varieties<br />
•Advances in chemical modification techniques<br />
•Improved additive technologies
Changes in Viscosity in ASTM-D2271<br />
(1,000 hrs @ 1,000 psi @ 79 o C)<br />
Viscosity Change in ASTM D-2271<br />
Viscosity (cSt @ 40 C)<br />
90<br />
80<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />
Hours x 100<br />
Commodity Soy Oil<br />
High Oleic Soy Oil
Industrial or Alternative Crops<br />
1. Association for Advancement <strong>of</strong> Industrial Crops reports<br />
on numerous industrial crops<br />
2. Key issues include emphasis on:<br />
• Rapid crop domestication for industrial uses<br />
• Genetic engineering <strong>of</strong> dedicated high yielding<br />
energy crops<br />
• Benefits could be to bioproducts industry <strong>and</strong> to the<br />
developing countries
1. Camelina 5. Lesquerella<br />
Lesquerella<br />
2. Switchgrass 6. Russian D<strong>and</strong>elion<br />
Camelina<br />
3. Cuphea 7. Guayule<br />
4. Medowfoam<br />
Russian<br />
D<strong>and</strong>elion<br />
Switchgrass<br />
Cuphea<br />
Medowfoam<br />
Guayule
Future Opportunities<br />
• Biobased products <strong>of</strong>fer opportunities beyond bi<strong>of</strong>uels<br />
• The concept is to create chemicals from biomass to<br />
substitute for a portion <strong>of</strong> our petroleum consumption<br />
• With the growth <strong>of</strong> the bi<strong>of</strong>uels industry new varieties <strong>of</strong><br />
oilseeds will be fashioned to create solutions for new<br />
industrial products <strong>and</strong> to add value for farmers
Future Opportunities<br />
• The concept <strong>of</strong> creating biobased lubricants with a<br />
sustained <strong>and</strong> successful market has been tested<br />
• Biobased lubricants are just one <strong>of</strong> many products from<br />
biorefineries that will create chemicals from biomass<br />
• New or modified crops, tailored to the needs <strong>of</strong> bioindustries<br />
will provide economic opportunities by<br />
addressing the increased dem<strong>and</strong> for petroleum
Future Opportunities<br />
•Continued increases in dem<strong>and</strong> for<br />
petroleum will create opportunities for:<br />
Near-The-Farm Processing<br />
leading to<br />
Decentralized Energy System
Current Model:<br />
single input – single process – single output<br />
Source: Department <strong>of</strong> Energy
Reduce or Eliminate Shipping at Input<br />
Benefits<br />
1. Reduced<br />
Shipping<br />
<strong>of</strong> input<br />
materials<br />
from farms<br />
to the<br />
plant<br />
Meal for<br />
Alternative<br />
Industrial<br />
Uses:<br />
Pressboards…<br />
Biodiesel <strong>and</strong><br />
Biobased<br />
Heating Oils<br />
Meal for<br />
Animal<br />
Feed<br />
Multi<br />
Farmer<br />
Members<br />
providing<br />
designated Raw<br />
raw Materials<br />
Material<br />
Integrated<br />
Cooperative Multi<br />
Enterprise for<br />
Processes<br />
Biorefinery for<br />
VAP<br />
Value Added<br />
Oil Based<br />
Food Stuff –<br />
cooking oil,<br />
salad oil…<br />
Highly value<br />
Added<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases<br />
Highly Value-<br />
Added<br />
Base Oils<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases<br />
Highly<br />
Value Added<br />
Chemicals<br />
<strong>and</strong> Additives
Reduce or Eliminate Shipping at Output<br />
Benefits<br />
2. Reduced<br />
Shipping<br />
<strong>of</strong> finished<br />
goods<br />
Meal for<br />
Alternative<br />
Industrial<br />
Uses:<br />
Pressboards…<br />
Biodiesel <strong>and</strong><br />
Biobased<br />
Heating Oils<br />
Farmer<br />
Members<br />
providing<br />
designated<br />
raw Materials<br />
Integrated<br />
Cooperative<br />
Enterprise for<br />
Biorefinery for<br />
VAP<br />
Highly value<br />
Added<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases<br />
Highly<br />
Value Added<br />
Chemicals<br />
<strong>and</strong> Additives<br />
Meal for<br />
Animal<br />
Feed<br />
Value Added<br />
Oil Based<br />
Food Stuff –<br />
cooking oil,<br />
salad oil…<br />
Highly Value-<br />
Added<br />
Base Oils<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases
Increase Diversity in Input<br />
Benefits<br />
3. Flexibility<br />
in the raw<br />
materials<br />
used as<br />
feedstocks<br />
or inputs<br />
Meal for<br />
Alternative<br />
Industrial<br />
Uses:<br />
Pressboards…<br />
Biodiesel <strong>and</strong><br />
Biobased<br />
Heating Oils<br />
Meal for<br />
Animal<br />
Feed<br />
Farmer<br />
Members<br />
providing<br />
designated<br />
raw Materials<br />
Integrated<br />
Cooperative<br />
Enterprise for<br />
Biorefinery for<br />
VAP<br />
Value Added<br />
Oil Based<br />
Food Stuff –<br />
cooking oil,<br />
salad oil…<br />
Highly value<br />
Added<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases<br />
Highly Value-<br />
Added<br />
Base Oils<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases<br />
Highly<br />
Value Added<br />
Chemicals<br />
<strong>and</strong> Additives
Grow Local – Buy Local<br />
Decentralized Energy Production<br />
Benefits<br />
4. Flexible<br />
products:<br />
For: Fuel<br />
Chemicals<br />
Foodstuffs<br />
Lubricants<br />
Biobased<br />
products<br />
Meal for<br />
Alternative<br />
Industrial<br />
Uses:<br />
Pressboards<br />
…<br />
Biodiesel <strong>and</strong><br />
Biobased<br />
Heating Oils<br />
Meal for<br />
Animal<br />
Feed<br />
Farmer<br />
Members<br />
providing<br />
designated<br />
raw Materials<br />
Integrated<br />
Cooperative<br />
Enterprise for<br />
Biorefinery<br />
for VAP<br />
Value Added<br />
Oil Based<br />
Food Stuff –<br />
cooking oil,<br />
salad oil…<br />
Highly value<br />
Added<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Greases<br />
Highly Value-<br />
Added<br />
Base Oils<br />
Lubricants<br />
<strong>and</strong> Greases<br />
Highly<br />
Value Added<br />
Chemicals<br />
<strong>and</strong><br />
Additives
Conclusions<br />
1. Petroleum substitution moves us further toward a US<br />
national goal; reducing imported petroleum<br />
2. Bi<strong>of</strong>uels have increased awareness, funding, <strong>and</strong><br />
opportunity for all biobased products<br />
3. The feasibility <strong>of</strong> biobased lubricants is established<br />
4. Commercial biobased lubricants have proven to be<br />
economically viable<br />
5. As shipping costs rise, with cost <strong>of</strong> petroleum, new<br />
opportunities are created for Near-the-farm valueadded<br />
enterprises<br />
6. New industrial crops <strong>and</strong> genetic variations <strong>of</strong> existing<br />
varieties will exp<strong>and</strong> this opportunity<br />
7. Ag-based petroleum substitutes could lead to<br />
decentralized energy production in the US
Thank You!
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