Fiji Catchment to Coast - School of Geography, Planning and ...

Prepared by Isoa Korovulavula
PhD Candidate
School of Integrative Systems
The University of Queensland
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Community based projects on marine
management, integrated coastal
management, water catchment and climate
change adaptation coordinated by the
Institute of Applied of Sciences (IAS), The
University of the South Pacific
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LMMA (Locally Managed Marine Area)
ICM (Integrated Coastal Management)
Climate Change Adaptation – focus on water
management issues and strategies
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Community in the Fijian
context
• Social, economic, biophysical,
political, cultural and spiritual
attributes which are intertwined
• Shared values, beliefs and type of
governance structure (formal
government and traditional cultural
system)
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Vanua
“Vanua, has physical, social and cultural dimensions
which are interrelated. It does not mean only the land
area one is identified with, and the vegetation, animal
life, and other objects on it, but it also includes the social
and cultural system — the people, their traditions and
customs, beliefs and values, and the various other
institutions established for the sake of achieving harmony,
solidarity and prosperity within a particular social context.
Its social and cultural dimensions are a source of security
and confidence. It provides a sense of identity and
belonging” (Ravuvu, A., 1983: 70)
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Customary cultural traditional system co-exists
with modern governmental structure.
For Example:
Traditional culture/
Customary System
Chief
Modern
Village headman
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Food security
Water
Shelter
Traditional/ customary values, norms and
beliefs
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Internal Factors (e.g. Overfishing, water
pollution , poor governance structures, denial
etc.)
External Factors ( tropical cyclone, flooding
due to excessive rainfall, drought etc)
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Appropriate approach for
communities
• Adaptive management
Participatory process
Capacity Building at the management,
technical and monitoring skills at the
community levels
Deals with uncertainity
Iterative learning process
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Adaptive Management
Adaptive management can be defined as
the integration of design, management and
monitoring in order to learn and improve
responses to management efforts. It is an
ongoing cycle of designing and checking a
plan and then modifying management in
light of the results.
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Adaptive Management
Process
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Building local knowledge and capacity
• Village workshops + training
• Involving and empowering
community members in
planning, implementation,
management & monitoring and
evaluation skills
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Harmonising of traditional cultural resource
management approach with modern science
research
410 customary fishing grounds
Over 40% of these customary fishing ground
are LMMA sites.
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Communities developing LMMAs within their
traditional fishing ground
NGOs assisting Local communities in locally
managed marine areas (Worldwide Fund for Nature,
IAS – USP, MSP -USP, Wildlife Conservation Society,
Seaweb, Conservation International, Foundation of
the People of the South Pacific International,
Mamanuca Environment Society, Wetland
International, IUCN, Peace Corps, Resort Support,
National Trust, Tourism operators)
Government Ministries (Fisheries, Tourism,
Environment, Navy, Fijian Affairs Board)
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Principle Objective
of FLMMA
To create a network of LMMAs across
Fijis 410 qoliqolis (Customary Fishing
Ground)
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Village of Votua
Korolevu-i-Wai District
Province of Nadroga
52 households and population approximately
over 200
Main source of livelihood (both subsistence &
cash income) – fisheries and Tourism
Initial LMMA and ICM/ Climate Change
Adaptation (Water) projects were implemented in
2002 & 2005 respectively
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Votua
village
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Overfishing in their customary fishing ground
(qoliqoli)
Destruction of coral reefs and related marine
ecosystem due to very high levels of nutrients
in the coastal water
Coastal erosion
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Existing dam supply (tributary)
◦ Poor pressure and sporadic availability
◦ High leakage losses
◦ Poor quality, especially after rainfall
◦ Blockages at dam
Village had started to construct larger dam on main
stream
◦ prone to heavy siltation and damage during storms
Bore investigated, but multiple bores needed to supply
village needs
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1) Main ring
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2) Connection of 2”
and 3” pipes to dam
and installation of
settling tanks
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3) Installation of tank
platform and
settling tanks
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4) Upgrades to old
dam
Raised
T-intake
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Improve wastewater disposal systems to
safeguard the health of the village, the river
and the coral reef.
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Health risk and environmental assessment
Drain
Beach
River
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Greywater disposal
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Nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphates)
Faecal indicator bacteria
Organic enrichment (BOD)
Suspended sediments / turbidity
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Treatment System
(wetland)
Wetland
garden (flowers
& dalo)
Village
Tank
with
Pump
Septic
tanks
Tank
with
Pump
Collect and treat septic tank water in wetland
system
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Twin – drum system
Into modified
drain
Into clay soil system
Into sandy soil option 2
Into planted roadside drain
Into modified drain
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Plastic drum with
holes in lower half.
2 m (6 ft)
Concrete
lid
40-50 mm
waste pipe
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Improved capacity to deal with water supply issues:
• Better plumbing skills and knowledge;
• Rigorous maintenance program for water system;
• Backup plans to maintain good water supply in
light of climate change issues.
Improved water supply and wastewater disposal
systems
• Better quality of life of villagers
• Better health of villagers
• Healthier coral reef and marine ecosystem
Improved understanding of climate change issues and
adaptive capacity amongst the community members
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• Importance of linking the communities needs
and aspirations to global issues such as climate
change impacts
• Collaborative approach and a learning process
(community, government, NGOs, donors,
research institutes, private sector)
• Integrate traditional cultural management
approach with modern science
• Harmonising compatible individual projects
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Votua Community
FLMMA
NIWA
USP
Mr Victor Bonito (Researcher)
Ms Patrina Dumaru (IAS – USP)
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