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What’s <strong>New</strong> in <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> 10.0 and 10.0.1 include enhancements and new features in:<br />
“User Interface” on page 3<br />
“Meshing” on page 23<br />
“Mesh Associativity” on page 33<br />
“Properties” on page 33<br />
“Functions” on page 35<br />
“Loads and Constraints” on page 35<br />
“Connections (Connection Properties, Regions, and Connectors)” on page 35<br />
“Geometry” on page 36<br />
“Groups and Layers” on page 42<br />
“Views” on page 42<br />
“Output and Post-Processing” on page 43<br />
“Geometry Interfaces” on page 47<br />
“Analysis Program Interfaces” on page 48<br />
“Tools” on page 50<br />
“OLE/COM API” on page 51<br />
“Preferences” on page 53<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> 9.3.1 includes enhancements and new features in:<br />
“User Interface” on page 57<br />
“Meshing” on page 58<br />
“Layups” on page 60<br />
“Geometry” on page 62<br />
“Groups and Layers” on page 62<br />
“Geometry Interfaces” on page 62<br />
“Analysis Program Interfaces” on page 62<br />
“Tools” on page 63<br />
“OLE/COM API” on page 63<br />
“Preferences” on page 64
10.0-2<br />
Finite Element Modeling
What’s <strong>New</strong> for versions 10.0 and 10.0.1 10.0-3<br />
What’s <strong>New</strong> for versions 10.0 and<br />
10.0.1<br />
User Interface<br />
"Windows Vista", "General", "Menu", "Entity Select", "Toolbars", "Meshing Toolbox", "Model Info tree", "Data<br />
Table", "Entity Editor", "API Programming", "Status Bar", "Graphics", "Astroid"<br />
Windows Vista<br />
General<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> is now supported on 32-bit and 64-bit versions of Windows Vista.<br />
Many issues from previous “unsupported” versions of <strong>FEMAP</strong> with regards to Windows Vista, such as entity picking<br />
and proper use of the Model Info tree have been addressed.<br />
• Renamed Weld Property Element/Property Type to Weld/Fastener to include Fastener Elements<br />
• Added support to create GIF, Animated GIF, TIFF, and PNG files when using File, Picture, Save command.<br />
• Improved length-based spacing, distance along, and other length-based curve functions to perform better when<br />
highly nonlinear parametric domains exist on curves.<br />
Menu<br />
• Added Tools, Meshing Toolbox command to the Tools menu. See the Meshing section for more information on<br />
this dockable pane.<br />
• Added Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Split at Locations; Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Offset Curve/<br />
Washer; Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Pad; Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Point to Point; Geometry,<br />
Curve - From Surface, Point to Edge; and Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Edge to Edge commands to Geometry<br />
menu. See the Geometry section for more information on these commands.<br />
• Deleted Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Split at Points. See the Geometry section for more information on<br />
these commands. Replaced by Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Split at Locations.<br />
• Added Geometry, Surface, NonManifold Add and Geometry, Surface, Recover Manifold Geometry commands<br />
to the Geometry menu. See the Geometry section for more information on these commands.<br />
• Added Geometry, Midsurface, Offset Tangent Surfaces command to the Geometry menu. See the Geometry<br />
section for more information on this command.<br />
• Added Modify, Associativity, Automatic command to the Modify menu. See the Mesh Associativity section for<br />
more information on this command.<br />
• Added Modify, Update Other, Solid Facetting command to the Modify menu.<br />
Entity Select<br />
• Added “Combined Curves” options (Default, All Points/Curves, Points/Curves Eliminated by Combined<br />
Curves, and Combined Curves Only) to the Pick Menu in the standard Entity Selection dialog box. Only one<br />
mode can be selected at any given time.<br />
• Added “Boundary Surfaces” options (Default, All Curves/Surfaces, Curves/Surfaces Eliminated by Boundary,<br />
and Boundary Surfaces Only) to the Pick Menu in the standard Entity Selection dialog box. Only one mode can<br />
be selected at any given time.
10.0-4<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Toolbars<br />
• Added “Add Connected Fillets” option to the Pick Menu in the standard Entity Selection dialog box. Allows<br />
you to quickly add “connected fillets” to the selection list by first choosing any number of surfaces which represent<br />
fillets in your geometry. This is a helpful picking tool when using Geometry, Solid, Remove Face or the<br />
Feature Removal Tool set to “Surfaces” in the Meshing Toolbox to try and remove fillets from geometry. Only<br />
visible when selecting surfaces.<br />
• Added “Add Tangent Surfaces” option to the Pick Menu in the standard Entity Selection dialog box. Allows<br />
you to add surfaces based on their relationship to surfaces which have already been selected. In this case, surfaces<br />
“tangent” to any number of surfaces already in your selection list will be added to the list. This is a helpful<br />
command when you would like to pick all of the surfaces on “one side” of a part. Only visible when selecting<br />
surfaces.<br />
• Updated direction of mouse wheel for Query Pick list to follow direction of mouse wheel.<br />
• Added Meshing Toolbox icon to Panes Toolbar.<br />
• Added Curve Washer, Curve Pad, Split Between Points, Split Point to Edge, and Split Edge to Edge icons to<br />
Curves on Surface Toolbar.<br />
• Improved Select Related mode of the Select Toolbar to include coordinate systems used as definition coordinate<br />
systems for other selected Coordinate Systems and include reference nodes on beams when the nodes are<br />
related to elements, properties, or materials.<br />
Meshing Toolbox<br />
The Meshing Toolbox is completely new for <strong>FEMAP</strong> 10 and contains several individual tools which can be very<br />
helpful during the meshing process. There are tools which allow you to simplify geometry; create “combined” geometric<br />
entities for meshing purposes using several “underlying” geometric entities; change the mesh size, biasing,<br />
and other options on any number of curves interactively; move any number of nodes dynamically while seeing the<br />
mesh update; and plot the element quality in the graphics window.<br />
The Meshing Toolbox also contains the Entity Locator, which can be used to locate Curves or Surfaces in your<br />
model which meet certain search criteria (for example, “short” curves or “sliver” surfaces which may cause problems<br />
during meshing). Once the “Locator” identifies entities, you can then cycle through all of the located entities<br />
in the model one at a time and take action using the Geometry Tools in the Meshing Toolbox, when appropriate.<br />
Meshing Toolbox Icons<br />
Mesh Quality Toggle Select Entity<br />
Entity Locator<br />
Remesh Modes Dialog Select<br />
Toggle Tools<br />
Toggle Tools menu - By default, all 7 of the “tools”<br />
will be visible in the Meshing Toolbox.<br />
Using the drop-down menu from this icon, you can<br />
make all of the tools visible or hidden at once using<br />
“Toggle All Tools”, individually toggle them on and off<br />
by choosing the individual “tool name” (for example,<br />
Feature Suppression) from the menu, or decide to<br />
show only one “set” of tools at a time by selecting the<br />
appropriate “tool set name” (for example, Geometry<br />
Tools). When a tool is visible, there will be a check<br />
mark next to it in the list.<br />
Here is a short description of each “set” of tools:<br />
Geometry Tools<br />
• Feature Suppression - Basically, this tool allows you to use the same options available in the Mesh, Mesh Control,<br />
Feature Suppression command interactively. You may suppress loops (curves of internal holes on surfaces<br />
and solids, “base curves” of bosses and extrusions on solids), curves (usually relatively small in size), and surfaces<br />
(usually sliver surfaces, not fillets or chamfers). Suppressed geometry still exists in the model and can be<br />
“restored” at any time. See "Feature Suppression Tool"
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-5<br />
• Feature Removal - Most of the functionality in this tool, which is used to permanently remove geometric entities<br />
to simplify geometry, is offered in other <strong>FEMAP</strong> commands. This tool brings them together in one place<br />
where they can be used interactively. Removing “Loops” basically mimics the functionality of the Geometry,<br />
Surface, Remove Hole command, while removing “Surfaces” essentially uses the same process as Geometry,<br />
Solid, Remove Face. Finally, removing “Curves” uses portions of the Geometry, Solid, Cleanup command<br />
along some other methodology to try and remove redundant curves. In the case of “Aggressive Removal”,<br />
localized geometry around the selected curve may be slightly altered to accommodate the curve no longer being<br />
part of the geometry. See "Feature Removal Tool"<br />
• Combined/Composite Curves - In some cases, combining several smaller curves along the edge of a surface<br />
will allow you to create a higher quality mesh on the surface. This tool allows you to combine curves by choosing<br />
the curves themselves or a point that two curves share. A “Composite Curve” will be created in <strong>FEMAP</strong>,<br />
which will be used for mesh sizing purposes instead of the underlying curves. There are also options for splitting<br />
a “composite curve” at a selected point or removing any of the underlying curves. See "Combined/Composite<br />
Curve Tool"<br />
• Combined/Boundary Surfaces - Much like creating “composite curves” to improve mesh quality, it may be a<br />
good idea to combine several surfaces into a “Boundary Surface”. This tool uses the same concept as the Geometry,<br />
Boundary Surface, From Surfaces on Solid command. This can be especially helpful when there are “sliver<br />
surfaces” next to a much larger surface. By combining the selected surfaces into one “boundary surface”, all of<br />
the internal curves can be ignored during the meshing process. “Boundary surfaces” can be created by selecting<br />
a curve shared by multiple surfaces or choosing the surfaces themselves. Also, any underlying surface can be<br />
removed from a boundary surface or “split” along a chosen curve. See "Combined/Boundary Surface Tool"<br />
Meshing Tools<br />
• Mesh Sizing - Combines the options used to set mesh sizing and node spacing on curves (Mesh, Mesh Control,<br />
Size on Curve) with the “Add, Subtract, and Set To” functionality of the Mesh, Mesh Control, Interactive command.<br />
When using the Auto Remesh option in the Meshing Toolbox you will be able to see the mesh update “on<br />
the fly” after each change to sizing or node spacing, while you also monitor the element quality update (Mesh<br />
Quality Toggle “On”). There are also options for matching any number of selected curves to a “Master Curve”,<br />
as well as setting biasing and length based sizing without changing the number of elements on the curve. See<br />
"Mesh Sizing Tool"<br />
Mesh Editing Tools<br />
• Mesh Locate - There may be times when you would like to make small changes to an existing mesh simply by<br />
moving one or several nodes without changing the number of elements. This tool will allow you to do this while<br />
making sure that as you move the node or nodes dynamically, they remain attached to specified solid(s), surface(s),<br />
and curve(s), or if you have no geometry, follow the overall topology of the selected standalone mesh.<br />
There are also options to move the selected nodes by a defined amount, continually smooth the mesh as the<br />
nodes are moved, and allow the moved nodes to no longer be attached to surfaces or curves. Much like the<br />
Mesh Sizing tool, you can also turn on the Mesh Quality Toggle and monitor the element quality “real time” as<br />
the nodes are moved. See "Mesh Locate Tool"<br />
• Mesh Quality - Creating a mesh with high quality elements is essential to the accuracy of a Finite Element<br />
model. When the Mesh Quality Toggle in the Meshing Toolbox is set to “on”, this tool allows you to graphically<br />
see an element quality value plotted on each element similar to a contour/criteria plot. There are several different<br />
element quality types which can be selected and each type has default automatic values, but user-defined<br />
values can also be specified. Also, the minimum and maximum distortion values for the specified “quality type”<br />
are listed in the bottom fields of the tool. See "Mesh Quality"<br />
Entity Locator menu - The Entity Locator is very helpful in finding “Short Edges” and “Sliver/Small Surfaces”<br />
which may be causing meshing issues. It may also make it easier to locate “free edges” in troublesome geometry.<br />
This menu contains commands for toggling the Entity Locator on and off, cycling through the entities currently in<br />
the Entity Locator, removing the current entity from the Entity Locator or clearing it entirely, as well as creating a<br />
group from the entities currently in the Entity Locator or sending them to the Data Table.<br />
• Toggle Entity Locator - When this icon is toggled “on”, the Entity Locator is ready to be filled with entities<br />
and the Locator fields will be available in the Meshing Toolbox. Depending on which entity type is selected in<br />
the Search For drop-down list, Curves or Surfaces, the Locator fields change. The Locate Options and Show
10.0-6<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Options can be used to modify how the Entity Locator searches for entities and then displays them. Also, the<br />
entities loaded in the Entity Locator update after each change made in the Locator fields, unless Auto Locate is<br />
turned “off” in the Locate Options section.<br />
Once entities are loaded into the Entity Locator, use the following commands to move from entity to entity. By<br />
default, the “current entity” in the Entity Locator will be “highlighted” in the graphics window using the display<br />
options currently set in the Style portion of the Windows, Show Entities command (See Section 6.3.2.3, "Window,<br />
Show Entities..."). There are other options for automatically rotating the model and zooming in to get a better view<br />
of the entity. See the Locate Options and Show Options sections in the Locator section for more information.<br />
• Next - Makes the next entity in the Entity Locator the “current entity”.<br />
• Previous- Makes the previous entity in the Entity Locator the “current entity”.<br />
Note:<br />
Once either Next or Previous has been selected, the icon will “persist” at the top of the Entity Locator<br />
menu in the Meshing Toolbox. This enables you to easily go to the “next” or “previous” entity simply by<br />
clicking the icon. When you reach the “last” entity in the Entity Locator, the Next icon will automatically<br />
become the Previous icon and vice versa.<br />
• Current - “Re-highlights” the “current entity” in the Entity Locator. This can be helpful if you have regenerated<br />
or rotated the model.<br />
• First - Makes the “first” entity in the Entity Locator the “current entity”. When using Search Methods based on<br />
physical size, the smallest “located” entity will be the “first” entity.<br />
• Last - Makes the last entity in the Entity Locator the “current entity”. When using Search Methods based on<br />
physical size, the largest “located” entity will be the “last” entity.<br />
• Do Not Locate - Places the current entity into a group which is then automatically specified in the Not In Group<br />
field of the Locate Options.<br />
• Remove - Removes the current entity from the Entity Locator until cleared or new search criteria are entered.<br />
• Clear Locator - Simply clears the Entity Locator of all entities.<br />
• Create Group - Creates a new group with all of the entities currently in the Entity Locator or adds/removes/<br />
excludes those entities from an existing group.<br />
• Add to Data Table - Adds all entities currently loaded in the Entity Locator to the Data Table. The Data Table<br />
needs to be “open” in the User Interface and “unlocked” for the command to be available.<br />
Search For - Indicates the entity type, Curves or Surfaces, the Entity Locator will currently be able to “locate” in<br />
the model. Depending on the entity type, different Locator fields become available.<br />
Locator fields and buttons when Search For is set to Curves:<br />
Search Method - Specifies the method the Entity Locator uses to “find, then load” itself with specific Curves in<br />
the model. Depending on the Search Method, other options may become available.<br />
Here are descriptions of the different Search Methods:
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-7<br />
•Short Edges - “Short edges” will be loaded into the Entity Locator<br />
using criteria specified in the current Based On option.<br />
When Based On is set to:<br />
Global Mesh Size - Curves whose length is shorter than the specified<br />
% of Mesh Size (default) will be loaded into the Entity Locator.<br />
Curve Length - Curves will only loaded into the Entity Locator<br />
which are Shorter Than a user-specified value. You may type the<br />
value in directly or specify the value by clicking the “Select Curve<br />
to Set Length” icon button, then choosing any curve on the screen.<br />
Shortest Curves - Finds the shortest “specified % of All Curves” in<br />
the model (For example, if set to 5, it will find the bottom 5% of<br />
curves, based on length) and loads them into the Entity Locator.<br />
This value can be set from 0 to 25 using the “slider bar” or a value<br />
can be entered directly (if value is higher than 25, loads all curves<br />
satisfying that criteria into the Entity Locator, then returns to 25).<br />
•Free Edges - Locates all edges in a Solid which are not stitched to<br />
another surface. “Free Edges” in a Solid usually indicate “gaps” or<br />
“holes” in the geometry, meaning the Solid does not fully enclose a<br />
volume and is probably not viable for solid meshing (tet or hex). If<br />
multiple surfaces are “stitched” together but do not enclose a volume<br />
(Sheet Solid) or “joined” using the Geometry, Surface, Non-<br />
Manifold Add command (General Bodies), then “free edges” may<br />
also indicate “gaps” or “holes” between surfaces. Of course, “free edges” in this type of geometry may be internal<br />
holes/loops or the outside edge of the stitched/joined “part”, which are normal.<br />
“Free Edges” of set of surfaces<br />
“Stitched” together<br />
“Free Edges” of surfaces joined using “NonManifold Add”<br />
• NonManifold Edges - Locates all “NonManifold” edges in the geometry. Only geometry that has been joined<br />
using the Geometry, Surface, NonManifold Add command (General Bodies) will have any of these edges. Typical<br />
“NonManifold Edges” are found where surfaces come together at “T-junctions” or a surface has been “Non-<br />
Manifold added” to a Solid.<br />
Two Examples of<br />
“NonManifold Edges”<br />
Surfaces joined using “NonManifold Add”<br />
Surface and Solid joined using “NonManifold Add”<br />
• From Group - Loads all Curves in a specified Group into the Entity Locator.
10.0-8<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Show ‘#’ Curves button - By default, when you initially place Curves in the Entity Locator, ALL of the “found”<br />
Curves will be highlighted in the graphics window using the display options currently set in the Style portion of the<br />
Windows, Show Entities command (See Section 6.3.2.3, "Window, Show Entities..."). Like Windows, Show Entities<br />
and the “Show When Selected” capabilities of the Data Table and Model Info tree, once the view has been redrawn<br />
or regenerated the “highlighting” is removed and the view is restored to how it appeared before the “show” command.<br />
If you want to “highlight” the curves again, simply click the Show ‘#’ Curves button.<br />
Locator fields and buttons when Search For is set to Surfaces:<br />
Search Method - Specifies the method the Entity Locator will use to “search and locate” specific Surfaces in the<br />
model. Depending on the Search Method, other options may become available.<br />
Here are descriptions of the different Search Methods:<br />
• Surface Geometry - This method is used in conjunction with any combination of the Small Surfaces, Slivers,<br />
Spikes, and By Area options. If none of these options are turned on (checked), no surface geometry will be<br />
loaded into to the Entity Locator.<br />
Small Surfaces (Fit In Radius value) - Surfaces which completely fit inside a sphere with a specified radius<br />
(defined by Fit In Radius value) will be loaded into the Entity Locator. Enter the Fit In Radius value directly or<br />
click the “Measure Distance” icon button to specify the sphere radius by picking two locations graphically. Default<br />
value is equal to the default Merge Tolerance in the model.<br />
Slivers (Sliver Tolerance value) - Surfaces which have high aspect ratios and small areas are known as “Slivers”.<br />
Examining a surface’s “maximum width” is often a good indication of whether a surface is a “sliver” or not. Surfaces<br />
with a “maximum width” smaller than the Sliver Tolerance will be loaded into the Entity Locator. Enter the<br />
Sliver Tolerance value directly or click the “Measure Distance” icon button and choose two locations graphically to<br />
specify a distance. Default value is equal to the default Merge Tolerance in the model.<br />
Spikes (Spike Width value) - Much like “slivers”, Surfaces with “spikes” also have high aspect ratio and small area.<br />
The main difference is that only a portion of the surface fits this criteria, not the entire surface. When this option is<br />
on and a “spike” on a surface is detected (smaller than Spike Width), <strong>FEMAP</strong> will try and remove the “spike”,<br />
while keeping the rest of the surface intact. Enter the Sliver Tolerance value directly or click the “Measure Distance”<br />
icon button and choose two locations graphically to specify a distance. Default value is equal to the default<br />
Merge Tolerance in the model.<br />
By Area (Area Less Than value) - Surfaces which have an Area Less Than the specified size will be loaded into the<br />
Entity Locator. Enter the Area Less Than value directly or click the “Measure Area of Surface” icon button to specify<br />
an area by choosing a surface graphically. Default value is equal to 1/1000 of the “model box diagonal”.<br />
• From Group - Loads all Surfaces in a specified Group into the Entity Locator.<br />
Show ‘#’ Surfaces button - By default, when you initially place Surfaces in the Entity Locator, ALL of the<br />
“found” Surfaces will be highlighted in the graphics window using the display options currently set in the Style portion<br />
of the Windows, Show Entities command (See Section 6.3.2.3, "Window, Show Entities..."). Like Windows,<br />
Show Entities and the “Show When Selected” capabilities of the Data Table and Model Info tree, once the view has<br />
been redrawn or regenerated the “highlighting” is removed and the view is restored to how it appeared before the<br />
“show” command. If you want to “highlight” the curves again, simply click the Show ‘#’ Surfaces button.<br />
Locate Options:<br />
• Only In Group - The Locator will only attempt to “locate” entities which meet the specified criteria in the<br />
selected group.<br />
• Not In Group - The Locator will only attempt to “locate” entities which meet the specified criteria and are<br />
NOT in the selected group.<br />
Note:<br />
A group based on any number of solids can be “generated” directly from the Locator by clicking the<br />
“Select Solids for Group with Related Entities” icon button next to the Only In Group or Not In Group<br />
drop-down list.<br />
• Ignore If - Instructs the Locator to “ignore” entities which meet the specified criteria which are either Suppressed<br />
or Combined. If you want to change the options, simply expand the Ignore If portion of the Locate<br />
Options and check or uncheck Suppressed or Combined accordingly.
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-9<br />
• Auto Locate - When this option is on, the Locator will automatically be loaded with the entities that meet the<br />
criteria currently specified. If it is turned “off”, you will need to click the Locate button which is now visible.<br />
• Update Selector - If this option is checked, the “Selection List” (usually created using the Select Toolbar) will<br />
be cleared, then updated with the entities currently placed in the Locator.<br />
Note:<br />
If you have entities currently in the “Selection List” before the Locator is filled with entities, they will<br />
be cleared and replaced once the Locator is filled with entities.<br />
Show Options:<br />
• Show All On Locate - When “on”, entities loaded into the Locator will be highlighted on the screen immediately.<br />
The “highlighting” is controlled by the options currently set in the Style portion of the Windows, Show<br />
Entities command (See Section 6.3.2.3, "Window, Show Entities..."). If this is set to “off”, you will have to<br />
click the appropriate Show button to highlight the entities in the graphics window.<br />
• Auto Rotate - When this option is “on”, the view will be automatically rotated to align the current entity in the<br />
Locator on the screen. For surfaces, the view will align so the “normal” of the surface is pointing “out of the<br />
screen” and centered about the CG of the surface. For curves, the vector tangent to the curve, at the curve’s midpoint,<br />
will be used to align the view to the horizontal screen axis. The midpoint of the curve will be centered in<br />
the view and the “normal” vectors of all the surfaces to which the current curve is attached will be averaged<br />
together and that “averaged normal” will point “out of the screen”.<br />
• Auto Zoom- If this option is checked, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will zoom in to the current entity in the Locator a specified<br />
amount. The size of the current entity is used in conjunction with the Zoom Factor, which is a percentage of<br />
graphics window size, to determine how far <strong>FEMAP</strong> zooms in to the entity. The Zoom Factor can be set from<br />
“1” to “100” (using the “slider bar” or entering a value directly), with “1” essentially zooming in as far as possible,<br />
while still being able to see the entire entity in the graphics window, and “100” making the length of the<br />
entity 1/100 the width of the graphics window.<br />
Note:<br />
If the Entity Locator is filled with very small entities, <strong>FEMAP</strong> may only be able to zoom in so far<br />
before it reaches the “magnification limit”, which is 1/10000 of model box size.<br />
Mesh Quality Toggle - Toggles a plot of mesh quality on and off for all of the currently visible elements. Please<br />
see the section regarding the Mesh Quality tool below for more information on the different quality “types” and<br />
plotting options.<br />
Jacobian check shown with 2 distortion levels<br />
Jacobian check shown with 4 distortion levels<br />
Elements shown in red are above the specified Max Allowable Value for the Jacobian distortion check<br />
set to 0.4<br />
Remesh Modes menu - This menu contains several “modes” for remeshing the model when using all tools except<br />
the Mesh Locate tool. There are three separate “modes”: Auto Remesh, Disable Remesh, and Track Meshing<br />
Changes. The fourth option on the menu, Remesh Entities, is only used when using the Track Meshing Changes<br />
mode. Essentially, only one mode can be active at any given time.<br />
When Auto Remesh is on, the mesh will be updated every time a change is made using one of the tools in the Meshing<br />
Toolbox.<br />
Note:<br />
Once Disable Remesh or Auto Remesh has been chosen, the icon will persist at the top of the Remesh<br />
Modes menu. You can now toggle back and forth between these two modes by simply clicking the icon.
10.0-10<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Disable Remesh does not track any of the changes made using the tools in the Meshing Toolbox. Any changes made<br />
with the tools are applied to the model, but you will need to delete and remesh the model using the commands on<br />
the Mesh, Geometry... menu or switch to Auto Remesh mode and make a change with any tool.<br />
Note:<br />
Having the model Auto Remesh after every single change may not be the efficient way to use the tools<br />
in the Meshing Toolbox, especially for larger models. You may want to use the Disable Remesh mode,<br />
make changes to your model using the Meshing Toolbox, then remesh the model.<br />
Track Meshing Changes will “track” all of the changes made using the different tools in the Meshing Toolbox, but<br />
the model will only be remeshed by clicking the icon for the Remesh Entities command, which will be at the top of<br />
the Remesh Modes menu whenever you are in Track Meshing Changes mode.<br />
Note:<br />
Sometimes in larger models, tracking the meshing changes can be quite computationally intensive. You<br />
may want to turn Track Meshing Changes off, which is accomplished by going to Disable Remesh.<br />
Select Entity - Many of the tools in the Meshing Toolbox require you to select entities. Depending on which tool is<br />
currently “active” and how the options for that tool are currently set, will determine the type of entity you will be<br />
able to select when Select Entity is toggled “on”. When “on”, you can graphically choose entities from the graphics<br />
window one at a time or use box/circle picking to select multiple entities (hold down the Shift key to make a pick<br />
“box” or the Ctrl key to make a circular picking area). Depending on which tool you are using and the current<br />
Remesh Mode set, you will be able to see the mesh update “real time” as you choose entities.<br />
For example, if you are using the Add “Operation” in the Mesh Sizing tool, and have Auto Remesh “on”, every time<br />
you select a curve or curves (box/circle pick) in the graphics window, the mesh will be updated “real time”.<br />
Dialog Select - Very similar to Select Entity, except it allows you to use the typical Entity Selection dialog box to<br />
choose entities. See Section 4.3.1, "Entity Selection" of the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide for more information on the different<br />
selection methods available.<br />
Feature Suppression Tool<br />
This tool allows you to use the “manual” options available in the<br />
Mesh, Mesh Control, Feature Suppression command interactively.<br />
You may suppress loops, curves (usually relatively small in size),<br />
and surfaces (usually sliver surfaces, not fillets or chamfers). Suppressed<br />
geometry still exists in the model and can be “restored” at<br />
any time.<br />
Feature Type - Choose which entity type you would like to suppress/restore.<br />
When using Select Entity or Dialog Select in the<br />
Meshing Toolbox, only the selected entity type will be available<br />
for selection.<br />
•Loops - Usually curves of internal holes on surfaces and solids or<br />
“base curves” of bosses and extrusions on solids.<br />
•Curves - In this case, “curves” usually refers to curves which are<br />
relatively small in size compared to the rest of the geometry.<br />
•Surfaces - Like “curves”, “surfaces” to be suppressed are usually<br />
small in size compared to the rest of the geometry, thus creating<br />
the possibility of meshing issues.<br />
Action - This option specifies what action will take place when<br />
entities are selected using Select Entity or Dialog Select. When<br />
either Suppress or Restore is set, all entities selected will either be<br />
“suppressed” or “restored”. When Toggle Suppression is set,<br />
selecting an existing entity the first time will “suppress” the entity,<br />
while selecting it again will restore the entity.<br />
Limit Size - When used, this option limits the entities which can be chosen based on size. Only “loops” that are<br />
Smaller Than the specified size, curves that are Shorter Than the specified length, and surfaces with Area Less<br />
Than the specified area will be available to suppress/restore. This can be helpful to “filter” what is included when<br />
choosing multiple entities with Select Entity or Dialog Select.
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-11<br />
Update Colors - When a loop, curve, or surface is suppressed, the color of the entity will be changed to the color<br />
specified here. This allows you to easily see which entities have been suppressed. Click the “Color Wheel” icon<br />
button to bring up the Color Palette dialog box to choose different colors for suppressed entities.<br />
Show Suppressed (Curves and Surfaces buttons) - Highlights either suppressed curves or suppressed surfaces in<br />
the graphics window using the display options currently set in the Style portion of the Windows, Show Entities command<br />
(See Section 6.3.2.3, "Window, Show Entities..."). Like Windows, Show Entities and the “Show When<br />
Selected” capabilities of the Data Table and Model Info tree, once the view has been redrawn or regenerated the<br />
“highlighting” is removed and the view is restored to how it appeared before the “show” command.<br />
Restore All (In Solids and In Model buttons) - Restores all features on either selected solids by clicking the In<br />
Solids button or all the features in the model by click in the In Model button.<br />
For example<br />
Original Solid Part with “stepped hole” Curve chosen for “loop” to “Suppressed” Resulting Solid Mesh<br />
See Section 5.1.1.16, "Mesh, Mesh Control, Feature Suppression..." for additional examples<br />
Feature Removal Tool<br />
This tool is used to permanently remove geometric entities interactively to simplify geometry. Most of this tool’s<br />
functionality is offered in other <strong>FEMAP</strong> commands. Removing “Loops” basically mimics the functionality of the<br />
Geometry, Surface, Remove Hole command, while removing “Surfaces” essentially uses the same process as<br />
Geometry, Solid, Remove Face. Finally, removing “Curves” uses portions of the Geometry, Solid, Cleanup command<br />
along some other methodology to try and remove redundant curves.<br />
Feature Type - Choose which entity type you would like to remove.<br />
When using Select Entity or Dialog Select in the Meshing Toolbox,<br />
only the selected entity type will be available for selection.<br />
•Loops - Usually curves of internal holes on surfaces and solids or<br />
“base curves” of bosses and extrusions on solids.<br />
•Curves - In this case, “curves” usually refers to curves which are relatively<br />
small in size compared to the rest of the geometry.<br />
•Surfaces - Surfaces to remove can be all the surfaces of a hole, fillets,<br />
chamfers, and “cutouts”. In some cases, you may have to remove<br />
more then one surface at a time for this command to be successful.<br />
Limit Size - When used, this option limits the entities which can be<br />
chosen based on size. Only “loops” that are Smaller Than the specified<br />
size, curves that are Shorter Than the specified length, and surfaces<br />
with Area Less Than the specified area will be available to<br />
remove. This can be helpful to “filter” what is included when choosing<br />
multiple entities with Select Entity or Dialog Select.<br />
Aggressive Removal - If you have attempted to remove a curve or surface and FEAMP was not successful, then<br />
you may want to try using this option.<br />
For curves, Aggressive Removal uses functionality from the “Parasolid Bodyshop” to try and remove curves and<br />
then “heal” the geometry, which may change the topology of the geometry.
10.0-12<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
For surfaces, instead of using the process used by Geometry, Solid, Remove Face, the Aggressive Removal option<br />
instructs <strong>FEMAP</strong> to take a completely different approach. The chosen surface is deleted from the model and the<br />
remaining surfaces are stitched together using a stitch tolerance which is slightly larger the chosen surface.<br />
Note:<br />
Selecting relatively large surfaces while the Aggressive Removal option is on can have very adverse<br />
effects on the geometry. Because the stitch tolerance is set so high, other surfaces may be removed during<br />
the stitching process and the resulting solid may not really be very similar to the original solid.<br />
There may also be times when this process creates an invalid solid.<br />
Examples<br />
Here is an example of removing “Loops” from a surface.<br />
Choose one curve on each<br />
“interior hole” and all of the<br />
curves making up the “loop”<br />
will be found and removed<br />
from the surface<br />
All internal holes have been<br />
removed from the surface<br />
Surface with several “interior holes”<br />
In this example, the hole feature is removed differently from this solid geometry by choosing different “Loops”.<br />
Original Solid Part with “stepped hole” Curve chosen for “loop” in Remove Face Resulting Solid Geometry<br />
Original Solid Part with “stepped hole” Curve chosen for “loop” in Remove Face Resulting Solid Geometry
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-13<br />
In this example, the features can be removed from this solid geometry by either removing “Loops” or “Surfaces”.<br />
Original solid geometry<br />
The holes in the solid along with the boss and the post can<br />
be removed from the geometry by removing “loops” and<br />
choosing one curve on each “feature”.<br />
Alternatively, the features can be removed by selecting all of<br />
the surfaces of each individual feature.<br />
Geometry shown with holes and boss removed<br />
Here is an example of removing a curve with the Aggressive Removal option turned “on”.<br />
Original solid geometry<br />
Small curve to Remove<br />
Modified geometry without curve
10.0-14<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Here is an example of removing a surface with the Aggressive Removal option turned “on”.<br />
Original solid geometry<br />
Modified geometry without surface<br />
Small surface to Remove<br />
Combined/Composite Curve Tool<br />
In some cases, combining several smaller curves along the edge of a surface<br />
will allow you to create a higher quality mesh on the surface. This tool<br />
allows you to combine curves by choosing the curves themselves or a point<br />
that two curves share. A “Composite Curve” will be created in <strong>FEMAP</strong>,<br />
which will be used for mesh sizing purposes instead of the underlying<br />
curves.<br />
Action - This option specifies how individual curves may be combined to<br />
form Composite Curves (Add by Point or Add Curves) and how Composite<br />
Curves can be partitioned (Split At and Remove). You can also delete Composite<br />
Curves completely using Delete, which may be more convenient than<br />
using Delete, Geometry, Curve.<br />
•Add by Point - Combines two curves connected to a selected point into a<br />
Composite Curve. If you are creating a Composite Curve along the edge of a<br />
surface with many small curves, you can watch the Composite Curve “grow”<br />
simply by starting at one end and choosing the points in sequence.<br />
Combine Surfaces - When this option is checked, a Boundary Surface will<br />
automatically be created from the surfaces connected to the “underlying<br />
curves”. As additional curves are added to the Composite Curve by choosing<br />
points, more surfaces will be combined into Boundary Surfaces.<br />
• Add Curves - Creates a Composite Curve by allowing you to choose individual curves. There are also several<br />
options which can be used to make the process of creating Composite Curves more automatic.<br />
Merge to Existing - When checked, each curve selected will be added to an existing Composite Curve, unless the<br />
selected curve is not within Max Tangent Angle to the existing Composite Curve.<br />
Add Short Curves - Automatically includes any Curve Shorter Than the specified length that is adjacent to a<br />
selected curve in the Composite Curve. You may type the value in directly or specify the value by clicking the<br />
“Select Curve to Set Length” icon button, then choosing any curve on the screen.<br />
Add to Branch - Allows you to choose one curve and have a Composite Curve created by simply “branching out”<br />
from that curve until it reaches the “corner” of a surface.<br />
Combine Surfaces - When this option is checked, a Boundary Surface will automatically be created from the surfaces<br />
connected to the “underlying curves”. As additional curves are added to the Composite Curve, more surfaces<br />
will be combined into Boundary Surfaces<br />
• Split At - Allows you to choose points to “partition/break” a single Composite Curve into two.
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-15<br />
• Remove - Allows you to remove any of the “underlying curves” from a Composite Curve. It you remove a<br />
curve from the end, the Composite Curve will get shorter, but otherwise remain intact. If you a curve is removed<br />
from the middle, the Composite Curve will be split into two with a gap in between.<br />
Note:<br />
The appearance of Composite Curves can be controlled via the Combined Curve option in the Labels,<br />
Entities and Color category of the View, Options command (See Section 6.1.5.3, "View, Options...").<br />
Original Surface (9 individual curves on front edge of surface)<br />
Small curves on edge of surface create a skewed mesh<br />
The 9 curves of the “front edge” have been combined to<br />
create one Composite Curve.<br />
The quality of the mesh has been improved by using a<br />
Composite Curve.<br />
• Delete - Allows you to delete a Composite Curve completely from <strong>FEMAP</strong>. The “underlaying curves” of the<br />
Composite Curve will be available for picking again once it has been deleted.<br />
Combined/Boundary Surface Tool<br />
Much like creating “composite curves” to improve mesh quality, it may be a<br />
good idea to combine several surfaces into a Boundary Surface. This tool<br />
uses the same concept as the Geometry, Boundary Surface, From Surfaces<br />
on Solid command. This can be especially helpful when there are “sliver surfaces”<br />
next to a much larger surface. By combining the selected surfaces into<br />
one “boundary surface”, all of the internal curves can be ignored during the<br />
meshing process.<br />
Action - This option specifies how individual curves may be combined to<br />
form Boundary Surface (Add by Curve or Add Surfaces) and how Boundary<br />
Surface can be partitioned (Split Along and Remove). You can also delete<br />
Boundary Surface completely using Delete, which may be more convenient<br />
than using Delete, Geometry, Surface.<br />
•Add by Curve - Combines two surfaces sharing a single curve into a<br />
Boundary Surface. If you select a curve that a regular surface shares with a<br />
Boundary Surface, the regular surface will simply be added as another<br />
underlying surface for the existing Boundary Surface.<br />
•Add Surfaces - Creates a Boundary Surface by allowing you to choose<br />
individual surfaces. Using the Merge to Existing<br />
• Split Along - Allows you to choose curves to “partition/break” a single Boundary Surface into two.<br />
• Remove - Allows you to remove any of the “underlying surfaces” from a Boundary Surface.
10.0-16<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
• Delete - Allows you to delete a Boundary Surface completely from <strong>FEMAP</strong>. The “underlaying surfaces” of the<br />
Boundary Surface will be available for picking again once it has been deleted.<br />
Note:<br />
The appearance of Boundary Surfaces can be controlled via the Boundary option in the Labels, Entities<br />
and Color category of the View, Options command (See Section 6.1.5.3, "View, Options...").<br />
Original Geometry (11 individual surfaces make up the “bump”)<br />
Quad mesh on the individual surfaces of the “bump”<br />
Boundary Surface created using all 11 individual surfaces of the “bump”<br />
Quad mesh on boundary surface<br />
Mesh Sizing Tool<br />
Combines the options used to set mesh sizing and node spacing on curves (Mesh, Mesh Control, Size on Curve)<br />
with the “Add, Subtract, and Set To” functionality of the Mesh, Mesh Control, Interactive command. When using<br />
the Auto Remesh option in the Meshing Toolbox you will be able to see the mesh update “on the fly” after each<br />
change to sizing or node spacing, while you also monitor the element quality update (Mesh Quality Toggle “On”).<br />
There are also options for matching any number of selected curves to a “Master Curve”, as well as setting biasing<br />
and length based sizing without changing the number of elements on the curve.
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-17<br />
Sizing Option - This switch is used to specify which method,<br />
Size Curve(s) or Match Curve(s), is currently set for updating<br />
the mesh size on curves.<br />
•Size Curves - When selected, this method uses the option<br />
currently set in Operation along with the specified Spacing<br />
options to dynamically change the mesh sizing on curves.<br />
With Select Entity on in the Meshing Toolbox, every time you<br />
click on a curve the “Mesh Size” will be updated. You can<br />
also change the size on multiple curves all at once using a<br />
“box pick” or Dialog Select.<br />
•Match Curves - With this method, a Master Curve ID may<br />
be entered directly or selected graphically after clicking the<br />
“Select Master Curve” icon button. Once the “Master Curve”<br />
is specified, turn on Select Entity in the Meshing Toolbox to<br />
match curves to the “Master Curve” one at a time by selecting<br />
them or change multiple curves all at once with a “box pick”<br />
or using Dialog Select.<br />
Operation - Allows you to select the current operation for<br />
the Mesh Sizing tool. You can choose to Add or Subtract the<br />
specified Number of Nodes from the selected curve(s), update<br />
the sizing on any curve(s) to the Number of Nodes using Set<br />
To, or simply change the Spacing options (“Bias” and if<br />
Length Based Sizing should be used) without changing the<br />
number of nodes along the curve(s) with Set Spacing Options.<br />
Manual Update - When this option is on, the specified<br />
“Operation” and other options will not be used to update the<br />
mesh size and spacing until the Apply Operation button is pressed. Using a “box pick” while Select Entity is active<br />
or using Dialog Select in the Meshing Toolbox, is a very efficient method to update multiple curves at one time.<br />
Pressing the “‘#’ Curve(s) Selected” button will “highlight” the selected curves in the graphics window. Pressing<br />
Clear Selection sets the number of selected curves currently ready to be updated to “0”.<br />
Spacing - This drop-down allows you to specify biasing options. By default, this option is set to Equal, which will<br />
place a uniform distance between each node along a curve. The other options allow you to “bias” the mesh size and<br />
the level of “biasing” will be controlled by the Bias Factor. here is a breakdown of the biasing options:<br />
• Biased using Pick Location - The node spacing on the curve is biased using the location of the cursor when the<br />
curve is selected. The “smaller distances between nodes” will be positioned by the selection location. When<br />
working in a model that is not “planar”, which is quite common, it is a good idea to have the “snap mode” set to<br />
either Snap to Node or Snap to Point. This will allow <strong>FEMAP</strong> to use the point or node related to the curve closest<br />
to “pick location” to determine where the biasing should occur.<br />
Note:<br />
When the “snap mode” is set to Snap to Point, you will only be able to “bias” towards one end of the<br />
curve or the other. When it is set to Snap to Node, you will be able to bias towards either end of the<br />
curve or towards the center, much like you can using Biased Small at Center in the Spacing options.<br />
• Biased Small at Ends - The “smaller distances between nodes” will be positioned at each end of the curve with<br />
the “larger distances between nodes” being at the center.<br />
• Biased Small at Center - The “smaller distances between nodes” will be positioned at the center of the curve<br />
with the “larger distances between nodes” being at the at each end of the curve.<br />
Bias Factor - This factor is a ratio of the “largest distance between nodes” to the “smallest distance between nodes”<br />
along a given curve. For example, when it is set to “2”, the “largest distance” equals the “smallest distance” multi-
10.0-18<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
plied by “2”. All of the “distances between the other nodes” along the curve are defined using a linear interpolation<br />
of the large and small distances.<br />
Mesh Elements = 10<br />
Bias Small towards this end<br />
Bias Factor = 3<br />
Mesh Elements = 10<br />
Bias Small towards this end<br />
Bias Factor = 4<br />
Mesh Elements = 10<br />
Bias Small at Ends<br />
Bias Factor = 2<br />
Mesh Elements = 10<br />
Bias Small at Ends<br />
Bias Factor = 2<br />
Mesh Elements = 8<br />
Bias Small at Center<br />
Bias Factor = 3<br />
Mesh Elements = 8<br />
Bias Small at Center<br />
Bias Factor = 2<br />
Mesh Elements = 10<br />
Bias Small towards this end<br />
Bias Factor = 3<br />
Mesh Elements = 10<br />
Bias Small towards this end<br />
Bias Factor = 4<br />
Length Based Sizing - Allows you to choose whether mesh locations will be located in parametric or length coordinates<br />
along the curve. For lines, arcs and circles, these options make no difference since the parametric and<br />
length coordinates are equivalent. For spline curves however, parametric coordinates are typically much different.<br />
In most cases, choosing parametric spacing is the preferred method. It results in a finer mesh in areas of high curvature,<br />
which is often desirable. However, if you have two spline curves side by side, which happen to have different<br />
parametric coordinates, checking Length Based Sizing will allow you to match the meshes on those two curves (this<br />
can also be accomplished using a matched custom mesh size on one of the curves - see Section 5.1.1.7, "Mesh,<br />
Mesh Control, Custom Size Along Curve...".<br />
Propagate Mapped Approach - This option, which is on by default, will update the mesh sizing accordingly on<br />
all appropriate curves of a surface which has a “mapped” approach set using Mesh, Mesh Control, Approach on<br />
Surface, in order for the approach to remain valid. Also, any other surfaces with a mapped approach which would<br />
be effected by changing the size will also have their sizing updated as well. For more information on setting mesh<br />
approaches, see Section 5.1.1.15, "Mesh, Mesh Control, Approach On Surface".<br />
Note:<br />
If this option is turned “off”, there is a good chance that changing the mesh sizing on only one curve<br />
of the surface will create inappropriate sizing for <strong>FEMAP</strong> to create a mapped mesh on the surface.<br />
For Example, this geometry is three surfaces stitched together. Each surface has a “Mapped-Four Corner” meshing<br />
approach specified and has been sized with the default mesh size.<br />
3 Surfaces with<br />
Mapped - Four Corner<br />
Approaches Set<br />
Mesh using default<br />
Mesh Size<br />
2 Nodes “Added” to sizing<br />
on either of these Curves<br />
Two “Subtracted”<br />
from this Curve<br />
Three Nodes “Added”<br />
from this Curve<br />
Change is “Propagated” through entire Model<br />
as all surfaces effected by new mesh size.<br />
Changes only “Propagated” locally to individual<br />
surface where meshing sizing was changed.<br />
Show Free Edges - Simply highlights the nodes of any free edges in your model. This can be helpful for confirming<br />
the mesh is still fully connected after sizing has been updated.
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-19<br />
Mesh Locate Tool<br />
There may be times when you would like to make small changes to an existing mesh simply by moving one or several<br />
nodes without changing the number of elements. This tool will allow you to do this while making sure that as<br />
you move the node(s) dynamically, they remain attached to specified solid(s), surface(s), and curve(s). If you have<br />
no geometry, there is an option to have the nodes follow the “overall topology” of the selected standalone mesh as<br />
they are moved. There are additional options to move the selected nodes by a defined amount, continually smooth<br />
the mesh as the nodes are moved, and allow the moved nodes to no longer be projected to a surface or remain along<br />
a curve. Much like the Mesh Sizing tool, you can also turn on the Mesh Quality Toggle and monitor the element<br />
quality “real time” as the nodes are moved. Finally, once the mesh locations have been updated, you have the<br />
choice to Save the new mesh or Discard the updated mesh and revert to the original mesh.<br />
Select Mesh to Edit - Limits the elements whose nodes will be<br />
allowed to move in this command. Simply choose an option, then<br />
click the “...” icon button to choose the entities. Only elements and<br />
nodes connected to the selected entities will be visible and available<br />
for update of nodal locations.<br />
Note:<br />
You must use the Select Mesh to Edit first in order for the<br />
other options in this tool to become available.<br />
•Attached to Surface - Allows you to choose surfaces in the model<br />
to limit the nodes and elements for possible update.<br />
•Attached to Solid - Allows you to choose solids in the model in the<br />
model to limit the nodes and elements for possible update.<br />
•Standalone Mesh - When no geometry is available, this option<br />
allows you to choose any number of elements from the model and use<br />
the “overall topology” of the selected mesh to limit where the nodes<br />
can be moved, when the Project option is on.<br />
Note:<br />
To create the “overall topology”, the existing mesh is<br />
“facetted”, much like a surface. This allows the node(s)<br />
to be projected back onto “pseudo geometry” in order to<br />
maintain the general shape of the model.<br />
Locate Multiple - When this option is checked, it enables you to move more than one node at a time. To select<br />
multiple nodes to move, turn on Select Entity in the Meshing Toolbox and then choose the nodes one at a time, with<br />
a “box pick” (hold down Shift key), or “circle pick” (hold down Ctrl key). Once the nodes are selected, they will<br />
move in unison based on the chosen Locate Method. Press the “X” icon button to choose different nodes to move.<br />
Locate Method - You may choose to move the node(s) “dynamically”, based on screen position, or “manually”,<br />
using a vector. If you have the Mesh Quality Toggle on, you will likely want to use the Dynamic option and move<br />
the node(s) around until the attached elements reach the desired quality. On the other hand, if you would like to<br />
move the nodes a precise distance, it is probably better to use the Manual, Vector option.<br />
Original Mesh<br />
Dynamically<br />
modified Mesh<br />
with improved<br />
Jacobian element<br />
quality values<br />
When using the Dynamic method, simply<br />
choose the node(s) using Entity Select in the<br />
Meshing Toolbox and then “drag” the node(s) to<br />
the desired location.<br />
Note:<br />
It is best to have the “Snap Mode”<br />
set to Snap to Screen when using the<br />
Dynamic method to allow for<br />
“smooth” movement of the selected<br />
node(s). This allows the most flexibility<br />
when positioning the node(s).
10.0-20<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
When using the Manual, Vector method, the Move Along Vector<br />
fields will appear. You may use the “Select Vector” icon button<br />
to choose a vector graphically using any method available in<br />
the Select Vector dialog box. Another option is to enter a “Base<br />
Point” for the vector or use the “Select Coordinates” icon button<br />
to pick it graphically, then enter the distances in each direction<br />
(dX, dY, and dZ) manually. Once the vector has been<br />
specified, click the Apply Vector button to complete the move to<br />
the new location.<br />
Smooth - When this option is checked, the selected mesh will<br />
constantly be “smoothed” as nodal locations are updated. If you<br />
want to only have the elements directly connected to the<br />
selected node(s), turn this option off.<br />
Project - When this option is enabled, the selected nodes are<br />
constantly projected back to the surface to which they are attached. When the Standalone Mesh option for Select<br />
Mesh to Edit is used, the nodes are projected back to “pseudo geometry” created using the “overall topology” of the<br />
selected elements.<br />
Constrain to Curve - Nodes which are attached to curves will only be allowed to move along the attached curve,<br />
when this option is on. This is the default configuration and is usually the desired behavior, as it attempts to prevent<br />
undesired “holes” from accidentally being introduced into the mesh.<br />
Save and Discard buttons - Once the mesh locations have been updated, you have the choice to Save the new<br />
mesh or Discard the updated mesh and revert to the original mesh.<br />
Note:<br />
If you choose to use the “Undo” command (Tools, Undo or Ctrl+Z) after pressing the Save button, ALL<br />
changes to the mesh since the Save button was last used will be “undone”, not the movement of individual<br />
nodes. Also, if you use “Undo” before choosing Save or Discard, the “original mesh” will be<br />
restored.<br />
Mesh Quality<br />
When the Mesh Quality Toggle in the Meshing Toolbox is set to “on”, this tool allows you to graphically see element<br />
quality values plotted on each element similar to a contour/criteria plot. There are several different element<br />
quality types which can be selected and each type has default automatic values. User-defined values can also be<br />
specified. Also, the minimum and maximum distortion values for the specified “quality type” are listed in the bottom<br />
fields of the tool.<br />
Quality Type - There are 8 different “types” of element quality checking<br />
available through the Meshing Toolbox. They correspond to the element<br />
distortion checks of the Tools, Check, Distortion command.<br />
The element checks are:<br />
•Aspect Ratio<br />
•Taper<br />
•Alternate Taper<br />
•Internal Angles<br />
•Warping<br />
•Nastran Warping<br />
•Jacobian<br />
•Combined Quality<br />
See Section 7.4.5.6, "Tools, Check, Distortion..." for more details on the<br />
individual element checks.
Meshing Toolbox 10.0-21<br />
Depending on which element check is currently set, the name of the element check will appear along with a Max<br />
Allowable Value field in the Mesh Quality tool.<br />
When Quality Type is set to Combined, all of the other individual Quality Types will also be displayed in the Mesh<br />
Quality tool. The Max Allowable Value for each element quality type can be modified or individual types can be<br />
turned on or off to modify which will be included when calculating the Combined element quality.<br />
To specify customized default values for all of the element distortion checks, use the Element Distortion button in<br />
the Geometry/Model tab of File, Preferences. See Section 2.6.2.6, "Geometry/Model" for more information.<br />
Note:<br />
When the Mesh Quality tool is used on models containing solid elements, the distortion plotted on the<br />
visible element face(s) is the quality of the quadrilateral or triangular element face, NOT the solid<br />
element. This is important to remember, especially for element distortion checks which can be used<br />
for solid elements, such as Jacobian and Aspect Ratio.<br />
Number of Distortion Levels - Simply indicates the number of levels to use in the plot of the current element<br />
quality set in Quality Type. Choose between 2 levels or 4 levels.<br />
When the Number of Distortion Levels is set to 2, all elements with element distortion values above the Max Allowable<br />
Value for the specified Quality Type will be plotted “Red”, while all other elements will be “Green”.<br />
When the Number of Distortion Levels is set to 4, all elements with element distortion values above the Max Allowable<br />
Value for the specified Quality Type will be also be plotted “Red”. The remaining elements will be plotted<br />
from 0 to the Max Allowable Value in the following manner:<br />
Distortion value = 0.0 to (1/3 * Max Allowable Value) are plotted “Green”<br />
Distortion value = (1/3 * Max Allowable Value) to (2/3 * Max Allowable Value) are plotted “Yellow”<br />
Distortion value = (2/3 * Max Allowable Value) to Max Allowable Value are plotted “Orange”<br />
Smooth Contours - When on, the colors on the contour legend “blend” from low to high, similar to a Contour plot.<br />
When off, the plot resembles a Criteria plot.<br />
Internal Angle check shown with 2 distortion levels<br />
Internal Angle check shown with 4 distortion levels<br />
Elements shown in red are above the specified Max Allowable Value for the Internal Angle distortion check<br />
Same values as above, Smooth Contours “On”<br />
Same values as above, Smooth Contours “On”<br />
This plot allows you to see which elements may be close to passing the distortion check.<br />
Min Distortion and Max Distortion - Simply lists the best and worst element quality in the selected mesh.
10.0-22<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Model Info tree<br />
Data Table<br />
• Updated Show When Selected functionality. Entities already chosen will now highlight when Show When<br />
Selected is turned on and un-highlight when turned off.<br />
• Added “Transformed To” capability for listing nodal and elemental output.<br />
• Updated Show When Selected functionality. Entities already chosen will now highlight when Show When<br />
Selected is turned on and un-highlight when turned off.<br />
• Added “Save to a File” command (<strong>FEMAP</strong> 10.0.1).<br />
Entity Editor<br />
• Added “Transformed To” capability for displaying nodal output and elemental output.<br />
• Added support for Load Definition and Constraint Definition information.<br />
• Added support for Rotor Region information.<br />
• Added support for Layup ID information.<br />
• Added "is suppressed" fields for curves and surfaces<br />
• Enhanced Loads and Coordinate Systems so they are displayed in definition CSys, transformed on the fly, then<br />
saved in global or definition system.
API Programming 10.0-23<br />
API Programming<br />
• Changed the default lines of code when a new API is created from scratch to:<br />
Status Bar<br />
Graphics<br />
Astroid<br />
Meshing<br />
This change allows the API Programming dockable pane in that particular instance of <strong>FEMAP</strong> to connect directly<br />
to <strong>FEMAP</strong> to run APIs in that instance. Previously, APIs could only be used from the API Programming window in<br />
the first instance of <strong>FEMAP</strong> which was currently open on the machine. Any *.bas files in the Custom Tools directory<br />
or added to the menus or toolbars using this mechanism for attachement will also run in the current instance of<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong>.<br />
• Added the ability to customize what entity types appear on the Status Bar.<br />
Right clicking anywhere on the status bar will bring up the Customize Status Bar menu, which allows you to turn<br />
any entity type in the “Tray” on or off with a left mouse click. When an entity type is on, it will be designated with<br />
a “check mark” next to the entity type name.<br />
Improved Curve and Surface facetting to more accurately display geometry.<br />
Implemented support of the Astroid 3D controller from Spatial Freedom.<br />
The focus of version10 was to improve the overall mesh capabilities in <strong>FEMAP</strong>.<br />
"General Meshing", "Surface Meshing", "Solid Tetrahedral Meshing"<br />
Updates and improvements were made in the areas of surface meshing, solid tetrahedral meshing, mesh sizing, and<br />
specifying mesh attributes. A substantial change for version 10 is that once a surface has been meshed, the “mesh<br />
attributes” are automatically set on that surface. See Using Mesh Attributes in the Surface Meshing section below<br />
for more details. Also, the Meshing Toolbox was introduced to offer an interactive “toolbox” which consolidated<br />
functionality used during the meshing process. Tools for feature suppression and removal, creating combined<br />
curves and boundary surfaces, specifying mesh sizing on curves, dynamically updating nodal positions, and plotting<br />
mesh quality can all be accessed in one place with the ability to remesh “on the fly” as changes are made. See<br />
Meshing Toolbox in the User Interface section of this document.<br />
General Meshing<br />
• Added 3 new patterns to Mesh, Editing, Interactive<br />
• Added “Offset from Reference Point” option to Modify, Update Elements, Line Element Offsets.<br />
• Added “Spring Elements” option to the Connection Type section of the Mesh, Connect, Unzip and Mesh, Connect,<br />
Coincident Link commands.<br />
• Removed “Quad Mesh Layer Options” option from Mesh, Mesh Control, Size on Solid.
10.0-24<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
• Updated Mesh, Remesh, Convert Facets command to included capability to associate facets/nodes with the<br />
original geometry.<br />
• Updated Mesh, Extrude, Element Face command to automatically delete plot-only elements that it creates on<br />
the selected element faces<br />
Surface Meshing<br />
• Added “Suppress Short Edges” option to Mesh, Mesh Control, Size on Surface.<br />
• Removed “Quad Mesh Layer Options” option from Mesh, Mesh Control, Size on Surface. This capability was<br />
improved and is now the Quad Edge Layers “mesh attribute” which can be specified before meshing using<br />
Mesh, Mesh Control, Attribute on Surface or during the meshing process using Mesh, Geometry, Surface.<br />
• Added and updated many options found in the Mesh, Geometry, Surface command. All of the options set when<br />
the surface is initially meshed are now automatically specified as “mesh attributes”. Additions include the new<br />
“3-D Tri” triangle mesher, new mapped meshing options, the ability to specify mesh offsets on the surface,<br />
automatic node merging when meshing surfaces connected to surfaces which have already been meshed, and a<br />
“Post-Meshing Cleanup” option which improves the mesh by eliminating certain patterns and collapsed holes.<br />
Automesh Surfaces dialog box<br />
When you select the Mesh, Geometry, Surface command, you must select the surfaces to mesh. After they are<br />
selected, the Automesh Surfaces dialog box appears.<br />
After choosing the appropriate property, you can decide to press OK to accept default options or click the More<br />
Options button to set up additional meshing controls. See More Options section below.<br />
The Mesher section allows you to choose between meshing the surfaces with quadrilateral surface elements, where<br />
possible (Quad option), or all triangular surface elements (Tri option). When using the Tri option, you may choose<br />
to use Auto, which will examine each surface one at a time and attempt to choose the Tri mesher which will create<br />
the best overall triangular mesh on each individual surface. If you want <strong>FEMAP</strong> to use a particular Tri mesher,<br />
uncheck Auto and choose one of the three triangle meshers. See the "Element Shape" section below for details.<br />
Checking the Midside Nodes option will create parabolic surface elements instead of linear surface elements, while<br />
turning the Mapped Meshing Options will attempt to create a mapped mesh on the surface, if possible using the<br />
options currently set.<br />
Node and Element Options<br />
These options control parameters that are assigned to the nodes and elements that you will create. The CSys option<br />
does not control the mesh in any way. It is just assigned as the definition coordinate system of each node. The property<br />
is most important. You must choose a property which corresponds to a planar element.<br />
Using Meshing Attributes<br />
If the surfaces that you are meshing have mesh attributes defined, you will see an additional property (0..Use Meshing<br />
Attributes) in the list. If you choose that “property”, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will use the attributes to define the property, type<br />
of elements that will be created, and which meshing options will be used during the meshing process. If you wish to<br />
ignore the attributes, simply pick a different property from the drop-down list or create a new property.<br />
If you wish to use the property specified in the attribute, but set different meshing options, check the Use Property<br />
Attribute Only option, which is only available when Property is set to “0..Use Meshing Attributes”.
Surface Meshing 10.0-25<br />
More Options<br />
When the More Options... button has been pressed, the Automesh Surfaces dialog box will expand to offer many<br />
more meshing options. Depending on which options are selected in the Mesher section, certain portions of the dialog<br />
will “gray” and “un-gray” to only allow you to choose appropriate options for the selected Mesher.<br />
Mesher<br />
The Mesher section allows you to choose between meshing the surfaces with quadrilateral surface elements, where<br />
possible (Quad option), or all triangular surface elements (Tri option). When using the Tri option, you may choose<br />
to use Auto, which will examine each surface one at a time and attempt to choose the Tri mesher which will create<br />
the best overall triangular mesh on each individual surface. If you want <strong>FEMAP</strong> to use a particular Tri mesher,<br />
uncheck Auto and choose one of the three triangle meshers. See the "Element Shape" section below for details.<br />
Pre-v10 Meshing<br />
The surface meshing in <strong>FEMAP</strong> has dramatically changed for version 10. This switch allows you to use the “prev10”<br />
surface meshing if you feel more comfortable with pre-version 10 meshers. This box will be checked by<br />
default if you have “Pre-v10 Surface Meshing” checked on the “Geometry/Model” tab in the “Preferences” dialog<br />
box (See Section 2.6.2.6, "Geometry/Model").<br />
Note:<br />
Only options available is versions of <strong>FEMAP</strong> before version 10 will be available when Pre-v10 Meshing<br />
is checked. Notice, Quad Edge Layers is now set in the Automesh Surfaces dialog box when using<br />
the Mesh, Geometry, Surfaces command instead of in the Automatic Mesh Sizing dialog box, which<br />
appears when using the Mesh, Mesh Control, Size on Surface command.<br />
Node Options<br />
Midside Nodes<br />
Checking the Midside Nodes option will create parabolic surface elements instead of linear surface elements. By<br />
default, “midside nodes” are created along the element edge between the corner nodes of an element. You project<br />
the midside nodes onto the geometry by using the Move to Geometry option. In some cases, you may want to limit<br />
the distortion of elements created by projecting the midside nodes. If this is the case, check Max Distortion Angle<br />
and enter the max allowable distortion angle.
10.0-26<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Connect Edge Nodes<br />
When this option is turned on, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will use existing nodes on edges of adjacent surfaces instead of creating<br />
new nodes when at least one of the adjacent surfaces has already been meshed. This option is only applicable when<br />
the adjacent surfaces are stitched together to form a solid (or sheet solid) or joined together into a “general body”<br />
using Geometry, Surface, Non-Manifold Add<br />
.<br />
Three Surfaces stitched together using<br />
Geometry, Solid, Stitch command<br />
Surfaces 1 and 3 meshed at the same time<br />
Free Edge Plot of existing mesh on<br />
Surfaces 1 and 3<br />
Edges surface 2 shares with previously<br />
meshed adjacent surfaces 1 and 3<br />
Free Edge Plot after meshing surface 2 with<br />
“Connect Edge Nodes” turned ON<br />
Free Edge Plot after meshing surface 2 with<br />
“Connect Edge Nodes” turned OFF<br />
Smoothing<br />
These options are the same as those described in the Mesh, Smooth command. After an initial mesh is generated, it<br />
is automatically smoothed to reduce element distortions. You will usually just want to accept the default values for<br />
these options. For more information, see Section 5.3.4, "Mesh, Smooth...".<br />
Offset<br />
Allows you to automatically offset the surface mesh so the Top Face (Face 1) or Bottom Face (Face 2) of shell elements<br />
will be aligned with the surface(s) currently being meshed. There is also an option to simply offset the mesh<br />
away from the Centerline of the elements (default) a specified amount. Entering a positive number will offset the<br />
mesh towards the Top Face (Face 1) of the elements, while entering a negative value will offset towards the Bottom<br />
Face (Face 2).<br />
Note:<br />
The best way to determine which face is the Top Face and which face is the Bottom Face is to view the<br />
normal direction of the elements. This can be accomplished by setting options for the Element - Direction<br />
option in the Labels, Entities and Color category of the View, Options command (See Section<br />
6.1.5.3, "View, Options..."). To see the “normal vector” on each element, choose “1..Normal Vectors”<br />
from the Normal Style list, check the box next Show Direction and then click Apply or OK. The arrow<br />
representing the normal vector points towards the Top Face of the element.<br />
For Example, the “thicker” Black lines represent a Surface. Elements are shown with Normal Vectors “on”.<br />
Mesh with no offsets<br />
(Centerline of Elements<br />
Aligned with Surface)<br />
Mesh Offset so “Top<br />
Face” of elements Aligned<br />
with Surface<br />
Mesh Offset so “Bottom<br />
Face” of elements Aligned<br />
with Surface<br />
Mesh Offset from element<br />
Centerline a specified<br />
“positive” distance from<br />
surface<br />
Mapped Meshing Options<br />
When Mapped Meshing is set to Off, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will simply mesh the selected surface(s) with a “free mesh”, unless a<br />
“Mapped Meshing Approach” is set. If Mapped Meshing is On, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will attempt to create a “Mapped Mesh”.
Surface Meshing 10.0-27<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> uses the values set for Max Angle Deviation and Min Corner Angle to determine “corners” it can use to<br />
attempt a mapped mesh on surfaces.<br />
There are several other options available:<br />
• Equal Sides Only - <strong>FEMAP</strong> will only attempt a mapped mesh on surface(s) with equal mesh sizing on opposing<br />
“sides” of the surface(s). The “sides” are the curve(s) between the “corners” the mesher locates.<br />
• Map Subdivisions - As the “subdivision” meshers “subdivide” the geometry during the meshing process, the<br />
mesher will determine if each “subdivision” can by mapped meshed. If possible, that portion of the surface will<br />
be mapped meshed and then “smoothed” using the current Smoothing settings to create the overall surface<br />
mesh.<br />
• Split Quad Map - Only available when using the Tri option in the Mesher section. <strong>FEMAP</strong> will actually create a<br />
quad mesh first and then split the quads into the best possible triangles using the same approach as the Modify,<br />
Update Elements, Split Quads command.<br />
Triangle Mesh using Split<br />
Curved Geometry<br />
Default Triangle Mesh Quad Map Option<br />
• Alternate - Only available when using one of the Tri options in the Mesher section. The mesher will attempt to<br />
alternate the direction of triangles which are side by side instead of having them all go in one direction.<br />
• Right Bias - Only available when using one of the Tri options in the Mesher section. The mesher uses the opposite<br />
direction to start when choosing the direction of the triangles.<br />
Triangle Mesher Mapped Off Mapped On<br />
Mapped On<br />
Alternate On<br />
Mapped On<br />
Right Bias On<br />
Mapped On<br />
Alternate and<br />
Right Bias On<br />
Subdivision<br />
Fast Tri<br />
3-D Tri<br />
Subdivision Options (Tri Mesher set to Subdivision, Quad Mesher only)<br />
These options control the size and shape of the mesh inside the boundary. The elements along the boundary edges<br />
are defined by the mesh sizes that you choose and are unaffected by these settings. Those mesh sizes also have substantial<br />
impact on the interior of the mesh, but these options give you additional control.<br />
Post-Meshing Cleanup<br />
This option, which is on by default, attempts to eliminate specific “patterns” in a mesh in an effort to create an<br />
overall higher quality mesh. It also does additional element checking in an attempt to eliminate meshing situations<br />
which may cause problems with surface and/or solid meshing.
10.0-28<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Additional clean-up includes inserting extra mesh points on long cylindrical surfaces with course mesh sizing. This<br />
eliminates the possibility of elements “bridging the gap” resulting in a “collapsed” hole.<br />
Note:<br />
In almost all cases, this option should be turned “on”, as it will usually create a better overall mesh. The<br />
only potential drawback to using this option is the possibility that the “clean-up” will replace “patterns”<br />
with less elements and therefore create a slightly courser mesh than expected.<br />
Here are a few examples of mesh patterns which will be recognized and the resulting mesh after the “clean-up”.<br />
Patterns<br />
“Diamond” elements eliminated<br />
Original After Clean-up<br />
Quad Edge Layers<br />
This option specifies the number of layers of quadrilateral elements that <strong>FEMAP</strong> will attempt to place around every<br />
boundary curve on a surface. You can choose to have either 1, 2, or 3 layers of quads around each boundary curve<br />
of a surface, including internal curves from the drop-down list. Additionally, you may enter a number higher than 3<br />
directly into the field and the mesher will attempt to create the specified number of quad element layers. If there is<br />
not enough room for the requested number of layers based on the mesh size, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will try to put as many layers<br />
of quads in as possible. The process goes one layer at a time, meaning that one layer of quads will be placed around<br />
all boundary curves (external curves first, internal curves second) before a second layer of quads will be attempted.<br />
In many cases, more layers will produce a higher quality mesh, but on some pieces of geometry using only 1 or 2<br />
layers may produce better overall mesh quality than using 3 or more layers.<br />
0 Layers 1 Layers<br />
2 Layers<br />
3 Layers 5 Layers<br />
Min Elements Between Boundaries<br />
As a boundary is being meshed, groups of elements are often generated between two opposite edges of a boundary.<br />
Sometimes, the mesh sizes that you have defined are large enough that a single element will span the distance<br />
between surfaces. Since this may not be enough refinement for the model that you are creating, you can control this<br />
behavior by setting a minimum number of elements that must be created between any boundary edges.<br />
Setting this parameter does not guarantee that you will get that number of elements between every edge. But wherever<br />
possible (based on compatibility with your surface mesh sizes) that number of elements or greater will be created.<br />
It is usually best to leave this parameter set to 1 initially, then if the results are undesirable, undo the mesh and try it<br />
again with the number increased. Setting this number greater than 1 can greatly increase the number of elements<br />
that are generated.
Surface Meshing 10.0-29<br />
You will usually only have to set this option if you are meshing a<br />
Min Elements = 1<br />
surface that is long and thin relative to the mesh size, or one that has<br />
long, thin “appendages”, as this example demonstrates.<br />
Max Element Aspect Ratio<br />
Min Elements = 3 (or 2)<br />
Like the Min Elements setting described above, this option controls<br />
the elements inside the mesh. In this case however, control over the<br />
number of elements is only a secondary effect of this option. Primarily,<br />
this number is used as a guideline for how “long” elements can<br />
be relative to their “width”. You must always specify a value that is greater than or equal to 1.0. Smaller numbers<br />
usually create slightly more uniform meshes with elements that are better shaped. Large numbers can lead to<br />
severely distorted elements. If you make a mesh that contains long, thin or distorted elements, try again with a<br />
smaller aspect ratio.<br />
Quick-Cut boundaries with More Than “n” Nodes (n = 300 by default)<br />
Meshing large non-uniform surfaces can often take some time. Turning this option on shortens the time required<br />
while usually having minimal impact on the overall mesh quality. If you want the best possible mesh, and are willing<br />
to wait, turn this option off. You can also control the threshold by setting the number of nodes to a smaller or<br />
larger number. Do not reduce the number of nodes too much, or mesh quality will substantially decrease.<br />
Cut Quads with Angle Deviation Above “n” deg (n = 60 degress by default)<br />
Typically, quadrilateral elements with an angle deviation above 60 degrees will have poor element quality. Triangles<br />
are created wherever a quadrilateral would be severely distorted. You can override the default 60 degree allowable<br />
distortion with any value that you want. Lower distortion values will result in more triangles in your mesh.<br />
Element Shape<br />
Quad Mesher<br />
Although the mesher is called Quad, it is physically impossible on some surfaces with certain mesh sizing to create<br />
a mesh using “all quads” without some being highly distorted. The Quad option will generate quadrilateral elements<br />
whenever possible using a “subdivision” approach in the “parametric space” of each surface being meshed.<br />
Note:<br />
You must always get at least one triangle if you specify an odd number of nodes on the surface.) Triangles<br />
are created wherever quadrilaterals cannot meet the specified boundary mesh sizes and wherever a<br />
quadrilateral would be severely distorted.<br />
Tri Meshers<br />
These options control the creation of triangular elements in your mesh. If you want to create all triangles (Tri<br />
option), you may choose from the Subdivision, Fast Tri, or 3-D Tri options. Use the Auto option to have <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
choose which Tri meshing option should be used on each surface.<br />
• Subdivision - <strong>FEMAP</strong>’s original triangle mesher. It creates triangle elements by making subdivisions of a surface<br />
based on “parametric space”. It works very similar to the Quad mesher, but instead of making 90 degree<br />
“splits” to create quadrilateral elements, it makes 60 degree “splits” to make triangles. In a few cases, it may<br />
produce better quality mesh than the Fast Tri or 3-D Tri meshers.<br />
• Fast Tri - creates large triangles in “2-D parametric space” of a surface (U and V directions) then creates the<br />
final mesh through a process of splitting and improving the shape of the triangles based on where they are positioned<br />
in each surface’s “parametric space”. The Fast Tri mesher generally produces fewer triangles with better<br />
aspect ratios than the Subdivision mesher. This technique works particularly well if you have a long thin surface<br />
with holes.<br />
• 3-D Tri - uses the “facets” of each surface as a “triangular seed mesh”, then uses a similar “splitting and<br />
improving triangle shape” technique as the Fast Tri mesher, except it evaluates the shape of the triangles in true<br />
“3-D space” instead of the surface’s “parametric space”. Also, the nodes are constantly projected back to each
10.0-30<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
surface to match the actual shape of the surface as closely as possible. In many cases, this will produce the best<br />
quality mesh and is the recommended option for meshing “boundary surfaces” created from surfaces which are<br />
part of a solid or stitched sheet solid.<br />
Note:<br />
One of the only drawbacks to using the 3-D Tri mesher, is when trying to mesh surfaces which “wrap<br />
around” with a large amount of curvature over a short distance. When using a relatively course mesh<br />
size on this type of surface, the mesher may create elements which do not follow the curvature of the<br />
surface properly, as a better shaped element can be created without following the curvature based on the<br />
positions of the nodes in 3-D space.<br />
Meshing a surface which has already been meshed<br />
If you choose a surface to mesh which has already been<br />
meshed, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will give you three options:<br />
•Delete Existing Mesh and Remesh - Simply deletes the<br />
mesh and remeshes the surface.<br />
•Skip Meshed Surfaces - If you have chosen a number of surfaces<br />
to mesh, some of which have already been meshed,<br />
only the surfaces which currently are not meshed will be<br />
meshed.<br />
•Create Duplicate Meshes on Meshed Surfaces - Usually<br />
used when you want to “skin” a solid mesh with a shell mesh.<br />
Surface Mesh Attributes dialog box<br />
... is used to assign meshing attributes to one or more surfaces. Simply choose a surface element property to be<br />
assigned to the surface(s) and specify the desired mesh options. The mesh options are identical to the ones which<br />
can be specified when using the Mesh, Geometry, Surface command (See "Automesh Surfaces dialog box" section<br />
for descriptions of the meshing options). Press the <strong>New</strong> Property “icon button” if you have not already created the<br />
property that you need.<br />
Once attributes have been defined, surfaces can be easily meshed with elements, as properties (thicknesses, materials...)<br />
will be automatically assigned. Attributes are automatically assigned once a surface has been meshed.
Solid Tetrahedral Meshing 10.0-31<br />
If you want to assign offsets to the planar elements (typically plates only), specify an option in the Offset portion of<br />
this dialog box. You can offset the mesh to align the “Top Face” (Face 1) of the elements to the surface, align the<br />
“Bottom Face” (Face 2) to the surface, or enter an offset from the “Centerline” directly (Positive values offset the<br />
mesh towards Face 1, negative values offset towards Face 2).<br />
By default, both the property and mesh options will be set for all of the selected surfaces. If you only want to<br />
change the property of a number of surfaces but leave each surface’s meshing options intact, make sure that Update<br />
Property is “checked” and Update Other Attributes is “unchecked”. Vice versa, if you only want to change the<br />
mesh options, but leave the properties assigned to each surface intact, uncheck Update Property and check Update<br />
Other Attributes.<br />
If you would like to clear all of the attributes from the selected surface(s), click the Remove Attributes button.<br />
Solid Tetrahedral Meshing<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong>’s tetrahedral mesher uses a triangular surface mesh as the basis for creating the solid mesh. Improved surface<br />
meshing, discussed in the previous section, has a lot to do with improved solid tetrahedral meshing in version<br />
10. Other options for initial sizing, using a “recovery mesher”, sending element quality to the Data Table, and locating<br />
problem areas which have caused the tet mesher to fail have also been added.<br />
Also new for 10, if the tet mesher fails, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will ask “OK to Update Selector and Data Table with # nodes<br />
causing errors?”. If you answer Yes, the “problem” nodes will be sent to the selection list and Data Table for easy<br />
identification using the Show When Selected tool in the Model Info tree and Data Table.<br />
• Added Initial Size Ratio option to the Automesh Solids dialog box. The Initial Size Ratio is another meshing<br />
control you can use to change the number of elements the tetrahedral mesher creates. The default value of<br />
“0.5001” should give you the best “mesh quality” with the least number of elements possible.<br />
• Updated Adjust Nodal Precision option is to be on by default.
10.0-32<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
• Added Recovery Mesher (Use only if Standard Mesher fails) option to the Solid Automeshing Options. This<br />
option should ONLY be checked if the standard mesher has already failed. The tet-mesher contains a special<br />
“boundary recovering” mesher which will attempt to create a volume mesh starting from extremely poor quality<br />
surface mesh (almost flat triangles on the surface, high density propagation, extreme aspect ratios, etc.) which<br />
fail with the standard mesher. The resulting volume mesh will likely have a very poor quality and this mesher<br />
should only be used when a volume mesh is absolutely required, regardless of element quality,<br />
Note:<br />
If the surface mesh is invalid or not watertight (it contains holes, overlaps, gaps, self intersections, etc.)<br />
this “boundary recovering” mesher will not repair the surface mesh and not create a volume mesh.<br />
• Added Update Data Table with Mesh Quality option to the Solid Automeshing Options. The Data Table needs<br />
to be open in <strong>FEMAP</strong> for this option to be available. If the Data Table is locked, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will ask if you want to<br />
unlock it when leaving the Solid Automeshing Options dialog box. When this option is checked, every element<br />
created in the current meshing operation will be added to the Data Table along with corresponding values for<br />
“Tet Collapse” and “Jacobian” element quality checks.<br />
• Updated the feedback sent to the Messages window during tet-meshing. <strong>FEMAP</strong> will produce status messages<br />
while the tetrahedral meshing is occurring and provide feedback on element numbers and quality. The table in<br />
the Surface Mesh Quality section of the listing displays the number of elements which fall into each range of<br />
values using <strong>FEMAP</strong>’s “Minimum Angle” element quality check, while the table in the Tetrahedral Mesh<br />
Quality section contains similar listings of values for “Tet Collapse” and “Jacobian”. For more information on<br />
how <strong>FEMAP</strong> calculates element quality, please see Section 7.4.5.6, "Tools, Check, Distortion...".<br />
The following is a sample of a typical status message list sent to the Messages window during the tetrahedral meshing<br />
process:
Mesh Associativity 10.0-33<br />
Mesh Associativity<br />
Modify, Associativity, Automatic<br />
There is a new command under the Modify, Associativity menu. It contains the Automatic command which is<br />
designed to automatically associate a solid mesh with solids or shell mesh with surfaces (sheet solids).<br />
This command will attempt to associate the nodes of<br />
selected elements with selected solids (Tet or Hex Elements)<br />
or surfaces/sheet solids (Shell Elements). In addition<br />
to the nodes and elements being associated to the main<br />
entity (solids or surfaces/sheet solids), they will then also be<br />
associated to the surfaces of solids, curves on those surfaces,<br />
and points on those curves allowing you to use geometry<br />
based commands in <strong>FEMAP</strong> (i.e., Loads and<br />
Constraints on geometry, any selection method using a geometric<br />
entity, etc.).<br />
There are a few options in the Automatic Geometry Associativity<br />
dialog box. The Search Tolerance is used as a tolerance<br />
for attachment. If a node from a selected element is not<br />
within this distance to any of the selected geometry, it will<br />
not be attached. By default, the Search Tolerance is the<br />
Merge Tolerance set in Tools, Parameters.<br />
The Remove All Previous Associativity is on by default and should be on if you are taking an entire finite element<br />
model and trying to attach it to selected geometric entities.<br />
Check Solid Element Containment in Multiple Solids is only available when tet or hex elements have been selected.<br />
This first runs a check of all the element centroids to determine which elements are “inside” which solid. <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
then goes about attaching the nodes of those elements to each solid one at a time. On by default and should probably<br />
remain on when you have chosen multiple solids, although command will run faster when this option is off.<br />
Attach Midside Nodes Even if not in Tolerance option will attach any<br />
midside nodes on elements that have been attached, even if these midside<br />
nodes are not within the distance specified in Search Tolerance.<br />
Group Nodes/Elements not Associated will create a group with all of the<br />
selected nodes and elements which were NOT attached to any geometry<br />
during the command and turning on Detailed Associativity Summary<br />
will create a summery of the attached entities to the Messages window.<br />
This command is very useful if you have an analysis model and the<br />
original geometry from which the model was created. Also, if you try to<br />
attach nodes and elements to geometry which is completely different,<br />
chances are the command will not be very successful.<br />
Properties<br />
• Added Section Evaluation option to Cross Section Definition dialog box for Beam, Bar, and Curved Beam<br />
Properties (<strong>FEMAP</strong> 10.0.1).<br />
• Added PBEAML/PBARL to Section Evaluation for use with Nastran PBEAML/PBARLs. The PBEAML/<br />
PBARL evaluation method is always used whem importing a Nastran input file that contains PBEAMLs and/or<br />
PBARLs (<strong>FEMAP</strong> 10.0.1).<br />
• Modified the Weld property to be the Weld/Fastener property.<br />
• Added switch to specify if the property will used with CWELD (Weld) or CFAST (Fastener) elements. All Weld<br />
property inputs are the same as before.<br />
• Added property inputs for CFAST (Fastener) elements.
10.0-34<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
CFAST<br />
Options in the Define Property - WELD/FASTENER Element Type dialog box when CFAST is chosen.<br />
Diameter - This value represents the diameter of the virtual fastener, which is used to locate the virtual grids<br />
(nodes) on the shell element patch.<br />
Mass - Mass of the fastener.<br />
Struc Damping - Structural damping of fastener<br />
Material CSys - Material Coordinate System in which translational (KTX, KTY, and KTZ) and rotational stiffness<br />
(KRX, KRY, and KRZ) are applied. This option is unchecked by default and Nastran uses a predefined method to<br />
determine the x, y, and z-axis of the fastener element. Please see Note below<br />
Note:<br />
When unchecked, the x-axis of the fastener element will be colinear to a vector from the location the<br />
fastener intersects “Patch 1” (Element ID or Property ID) to the location the fastener intersects “Patch<br />
2”, which is defined when creating the element. The y-axis will then be perpendicular to the element x-<br />
axis and oriented to the closest basic coordinate axis (in case of identical proximity, basic x-axis first,<br />
then y, then z will be chosen for orientation). Finally, the z-axis is the cross product of the element x-<br />
axis and z-axis.<br />
Absolute - When checked, specifies the Material Coordinate System is an “Absolute” Coordinate System.<br />
Unchecked specifies the Material Coordinate System is a “Relative” Coordinate System.<br />
KTX, KTY, and KTZ - These values represent the translational stiffness of the fastener in the x, y, and z-axis<br />
specified for the element.<br />
KRX, KRY, and KRZ - These values represent the rotational stiffness of the fastener in the x, y, and z-axis specified<br />
for the element.
Functions 10.0-35<br />
Functions<br />
• Added dynamic XY plotting of functions to the Function Definition dialog box.<br />
Loads and Constraints<br />
• Modified Directional Pressure loads to no longer be affected by choosing a particular element face. Older models<br />
with these types of loads will be converted to the new standard, but will be modified in the version 10 in<br />
such a way to create the same analysis input file as <strong>FEMAP</strong> 9.3.1 and earlier.<br />
• Added option to apply nodal constraints using the “-1..Use Nodal Output System” option when choosing a<br />
coordinate system. Allows you to NOT force the nodal output CSys to be updated to the constraint CSys.<br />
Connections (Connection Properties, Regions, and Connectors)<br />
• Updated Connection Regions to support 2-D contact in NX Nastran Solution 601.<br />
Connection Regions for 2-D contact in Solution 601 of NX Nastran (usually in conjunction with axisymmetric elements)<br />
must be defined using nodes only and are written out to the Nastran file as BLSEG entries. The nodes must<br />
be selected in proper order with contact occurring to the “left side” of the region. The BCTSET entry is used to<br />
specify which BLSEG entries are in contact with one another. If a BLSEG is specified as “Rigid”, it must be the<br />
“target” in the Connector (Contact Pair). BLSEG entries in Nastran input files for solution sequences other than<br />
Solution 601 represent “slideline” elements.<br />
There were several enhancements to the NX Nastran Connection Properties:<br />
NX Linear tab<br />
• Moved Normal Penalty Factor and Tangential Penalty Factor from the Contact Property (BCTPARM) section<br />
to the Common Contact (BCTPARM) and Glue Parameters (BGPARM) section.<br />
• Moved Shell Z-Offset from Glued Contact Property (BGSET and BGPARM) section to Contact Property (BCT-<br />
PARM) section.<br />
• Removed Penalty Factor from Glued Contact Property (BGSET and BGPARM) section.<br />
• Replaced Num Allow Contact Changes with Convergence Criteria and Num For Convergence in the Contact<br />
Property (BCTPARM) section. Together, these two values create the NCHG field on the BCTPARM entry.
10.0-36<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
• Added Contact Inactive to the Contact Property (BCTPARM) section. Creates the CSTRAT field on the BCT-<br />
PARM entry.<br />
• Added Penalty Factor Units to Common Contact (BCTPARM) and Glue Parameters (BGPARM) section. Creates<br />
the PENTYP field on the BCTPARM or PGPARM entry.<br />
NX Adv Nonlin tab<br />
• Added Glued Contact Property (BGSET) section with Extension Factor option. Extension Factor enters a value<br />
in the EXTi field specified on the BGSET entry for the contact pair “i”. Specifies an “extension factor” for the<br />
target region.<br />
• Removed the Time Activation section and moved Birth Time and Death Time options to the General section.<br />
• Added Friction Delay option to Standard Contact Algorithm section.<br />
• Moved all options found in the Rigid Target Contact Algorithm section except Normal Modulus to a the Old<br />
Algorithm (RTALG=1 on NXSTRAT) section of the NX Adv Nonlin Rigid Target Algorithm dialog box, which is<br />
accessed by clicking the Rigid Target Options button. Normal Modulus is found in Common Options.<br />
• Added Penetration Cutback and Max Penetration options to the Old Algorithm (RTALG=1 on NXSTRAT) section<br />
of the NX Adv Nonlin Rigid Target Algorithm dialog box.<br />
• Added Max Tensile Contact Force (TFORCE), Max Sliding Velocity (SLIDVEL), Oscillation Check<br />
(OCHECK), Contact Gap (GAPBIAS), and Offset Method (OFFDET) options to the Current Algorithm<br />
(RTALG=0 on NXSTRAT) section of the NX Adv Nonlin Rigid Target Algorithm dialog box.<br />
NX Explicit tab<br />
• Renamed Rigid Contact Algorithm section to Old Rigid Contact Algorithm section.<br />
• Added Current Rigid Target Algorithm section with Max Sliding Velocity (SLIDVEL), Contact Gap (GAP-<br />
BIAS), and Offset Method (OFFDET) options.<br />
Geometry<br />
• Updated Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Update Surfaces flag to be on by default.<br />
• Added Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Offset Curve/Washer command.
Geometry 10.0-37<br />
Washer mode should only be used for circular holes on planar surfaces, while Offset Curves is a more “general”<br />
mode that can be used for oblong holes, slots, and other “general shapes” on many different types of geometric surfaces.<br />
In either mode, once you click OK in the Define Washer or Offset Curves dialog box, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will ask you to select<br />
the appropriate curves to offset. For Washer mode, only curves that make up circular holes will be eligible for<br />
selection and only one curve per hole is required. In Offset Curves mode, all types of curves are eligible for selection<br />
and you will want to select all curves to be offset.<br />
Clicking Cancel in the Entity Selection - Select Edges dialog box <strong>FEMAP</strong> will return you to the Define Washer or<br />
Offset Curves dialog box. You can now change the mode and size options, then click OK and choose different<br />
curves. Click Cancel in the Define Washer or Offset Curves dialog box to exit the command.<br />
Washer Mode<br />
In Washer mode you will first want to enter an Offset, then choose whether or not to Save Split Lines. By saving the<br />
“split lines”, a line will be created from the end points of each curve in the circular hole to the end points of the new<br />
offset curves, which will create an individual surface set-up for mapped meshing.<br />
With “Save Split<br />
Lines” Checked<br />
Without “Save Split<br />
Lines” Checked<br />
Offset Curves Mode<br />
In Offset Curves mode you also enter an Offset, but in this mode you have more choices. Again, you can choose<br />
whether or not to Save Split Lines, but this time every selected curve will get an individual surface set-up for<br />
mapped meshing.<br />
Without “Save Split<br />
Lines” Checked<br />
With “Save Split<br />
Lines” Checked
10.0-38<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
AutoSelect Surfaces will automatically offset the selected curves to ALL of the surfaces connected to those curves.<br />
If you would like to choose which surfaces get the new offset curves, uncheck AutoSelect Surfaces. You will be<br />
prompted for the surfaces after you have selected the curves and clicked OK.<br />
With “AutoSelect<br />
Surfaces” checked<br />
With “AutoSelect<br />
Surfaces” unchecked<br />
and only top surface<br />
selected.<br />
When Extend Splits is on, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will try to extend all offset curves that do not meet up with another offset curve<br />
to the closest edge of the surface onto which the curve was offset. In most cases, this should be checked if Save<br />
Split Lines has not been checked.<br />
With “Extend Splits” unchecked<br />
Curve does not extend<br />
Enough to break surface fully.<br />
With “Extend Splits” checked<br />
Curve extends to<br />
fully break surface
Geometry 10.0-39<br />
If Update Surfaces is on, the affected surface will also be partitioned by this command.<br />
Note:<br />
Due to the process used in the Offset Curves mode, the specified Offset can not be larger than the radius<br />
of any of the chosen curves. If you receive the message “Error sweeping along edge curves, offset not<br />
possible”, try again using an Offset value reduced the by 25 %.<br />
Also, many times a larger offset can be used in conjugation with the Save Split Lines option turned on.<br />
• Added Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Pad command.<br />
Requires you to choose a circular edge on a surface to create a “pad” pattern around the hole. The “pad” pattern<br />
essentially creates a square a specified distance away from the center of the circular edge and then connects the<br />
midpoints of each line of the square to four points on the circle (usually located at 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees).<br />
The distance the curves of the pad are positioned from the selected hole<br />
is determined by the Pad Size Factor.<br />
The Pad Size Factor uses the diameter of the hole to calculate the size of<br />
the pad. If it is set to “1”, the pad will extend out half the length of the<br />
diameter (the radius) in all directions. If it is set to “1.25”, it will create<br />
the lines 0.625 times the radius in all directions, while setting it to “0.75”<br />
will create the lines 0.375 times the radius.<br />
When Setup Mapped Meshing is on, the four newly created surfaces will<br />
automatically have a “Four Corner” mesh approach set on them. For more information on mesh approaches, see<br />
Section 5.1.1.15, "Mesh, Mesh Control, Approach On Surface".<br />
Pad Size Factor = 0.75 Pad Size Factor = 1.0 Pad Size Factor = 1.25<br />
If only a portion of a hole has been selected (a curve which is not 180 degrees or a full 360 degree curve), you will<br />
also be prompted for a Pad/Width Length, select a point as the Pad Center, then specify an Pad Alignment Vector.<br />
If Update Surfaces is on , the affected surface will also be partitioned by this command.<br />
• Added Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Point to Point command.<br />
Creates a parametric curve along a surface by choosing a start point and an end point.<br />
If Update Surfaces is on, the affected surface will also be partitioned by this command.<br />
• Added Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Point to Edge command.
10.0-40<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Creates a parametric curve along a surface by choosing a point and then a curve on the same surface. The location<br />
of the newly created point on the chosen curve is created by projecting the chosen point onto the selected curve<br />
using the shortest possible distance.<br />
Selected Curve<br />
If Update Surfaces is on, the affected surface will also be partitioned by this command.<br />
• Added Geometry, Curve - From Surface, Edge to Edge command.<br />
Creates parametric curves along a surface by choosing a single curve (To Curve) on a surface and then a choosing<br />
any number of curves also on that surface (From Curves). The locations of the newly created points on the “From<br />
Curve” are created by projecting the end points of all the “To Curves” onto the “From Curve” using the shortest<br />
possible distance and then joining the two sets of points with parametric curves.<br />
“From Curves”<br />
“To Curve”<br />
If Update Surfaces is on, the affected surface will also be partitioned by this command.<br />
• Added “Measure Distance” icon button to Geometry, Midsurface, Automatic command.<br />
• Added Geometry, Midsurface, Offset Tangent Surfaces command.<br />
This command is for use on solids of constant thickness only. You will be prompted for a “seed surface”, then a<br />
“tangency tolerance”. All of the surfaces tangent to the “seed surface” within the “tangency tolerance” will be chosen<br />
and highlighted. Next a “Mid-Surface Tangent Offset” value needs to be entered. This value is the distance<br />
used to offset the selected surfaces towards the middle of the solid part. <strong>FEMAP</strong> will attempt to calculate this value<br />
automatically and will fill the value in if successful. The offset surfaces will be automatically stitched together and<br />
finally you will be asked if you want to delete the original solid.
Geometry 10.0-41<br />
Original geometry<br />
Surface selected as “Seed Surface”<br />
Tangent Surfaces Selected<br />
Resulting midsurface geometry<br />
(original Geometry deleted)<br />
• Added “Ok to Consolidate Properties by Thickness?” question to Geometry, Midsurface, Assign Mesh<br />
Attributes command after the material has been chosen.<br />
If you answer No, each selected surface will have an individual property created representing the thickness of that<br />
portion of the model and assigned to that surface only. If you answer Yes, you will also be prompted for a “thickness<br />
percentage tolerance” and any surfaces which have the same thickness, within the specified tolerance, will<br />
have a single property created for all of them, then assigned. Along with the property information, the mesh options<br />
on each surface will set to use the Quad surface mesher<br />
• Added Geometry, Surface, NonManifold Add command.<br />
Allows you to create “Non-Manifold Solid Geometry”, an option in the Parasolid modeling kernel which creates<br />
“General Bodies” as opposed to regular solids (<strong>FEMAP</strong> solids) and sheet solids (<strong>FEMAP</strong> surfaces). The command<br />
allows you to Boolean Add sheet solids to one another, as well as add “sheet solids” to Parasolid “solids”.<br />
The use of Non-Manifold Geometry can be very useful in creation of mid-surface models with “T-Junctions”, models<br />
where shell elements (2-D) and solid elements (3-D) need to be connected and portions of the shell mesh are<br />
embedded into the solid mesh, and “solids” with internal “surfaces” used in certain types of analysis.<br />
Note:<br />
When bodies have been added together using “NonManifold Add”, many of the other commands on the<br />
Geometry, Solid... menu will not function as they did before the geometry was changed from regular<br />
geometry to “general body” geometry. A good idea is to have both the surfaces and solids “ready to go”<br />
before using the “NonManifold Add” command.<br />
If you need to stitch or add more bodies into those that have been put together with this command, you<br />
will want to use the Geometry, Surface, Recover Manifold Geometry command to recover component<br />
solids and sheet solids, which will allow you to use the commands on the Geometry, Solid... menu.<br />
• Added Geometry, Surface, Recover NonManifold Geometry command.
10.0-42<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Essentially the opposite of the Geometry, Solid, NonManifold Add command. The command will take all selected<br />
“general bodies” in your model and separate them into component “Manifold” parasolid solids (<strong>FEMAP</strong> solids)<br />
and sheet solids (<strong>FEMAP</strong> Surfaces). Once the “Manifold” solids and sheet solids have been recovered, the commands<br />
on the Geometry, Solid... menu will be available to modify and operate on the geometry again.<br />
Note:<br />
To break a “general body” into individual sheet solids for each and every surface, use the Geometry,<br />
Solid, Explode command.<br />
• Added “Cleanup Mergable Curves” option to Geometry, Solid Stitch command\<br />
When Cleanup Mergeable Curves is “on”, which is the default, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will remove all internal curves which are<br />
redundant. The “stitched” geometry will contain as few surfaces as possible by removing curves which are not<br />
needed to define the overall topology of the geometry. When “off”, all of the surfaces being stitched together will<br />
remain in the geometry.<br />
Original Geometry<br />
Stitched Geometry<br />
Cleanup Mergeable<br />
Curves “On”<br />
Stitched Geometry<br />
Cleanup Mergeable<br />
Curves “Off”<br />
• Added Modify, Update Other, Solid Facetting command.<br />
• Added option to Modify, Project, Point along Vector and Modify, Project, Node along Vector commands to<br />
project in both directions along the vector.<br />
Groups and Layers<br />
Views<br />
• Improved Group, Operations, Add Related Entities to include coordinate systems used as definition coordinate<br />
systems for Coordinate Systems in the selected group and include reference nodes on beams when the nodes are<br />
related to elements, properties, or materials in the selected group.<br />
• Added options for Combined Curve, Element - Coordinate System, Combined - Eliminated Points, Combined -<br />
Eliminated Curves, Combined - Eliminated Surfaces to the View, Options command.<br />
• Added Rotate Around option to the View, Rotate, Model command (F8 key).
Output and Post-Processing 10.0-43<br />
Using Rotate Around option<br />
You may choose any defined coordinate system in <strong>FEMAP</strong> to Rotate Around (default is 0..Basic Rectangular).<br />
This includes local coordinate systems and the chosen coordinate system will be used by both the scroll arrows and<br />
the standard orientation buttons.<br />
You may also choose -1..Screen Axes to have rotation via the scroll arrows occur using the screen axes where the<br />
“screen” X axis is always horizontal to the right, Y is always upward, and Z is always a vector perpendicular to<br />
your monitor (i.e., “out of the screen”). When -1..Screen Axes has been selected, the standard orientation buttons<br />
default to using 0..Basic Rectangular.<br />
• Updated Default Direction of the Mouse Wheel for Zoom to match direction of mouse movement.<br />
Output and Post-Processing<br />
Transforming Output (on the fly)<br />
Added Transformation buttons for the Deformation output vector and the Contour output vector to the Select Post-<br />
Processing Data dialog box. The Select PostProcessing Data dialog box is accessed by pressing the Deformed and<br />
Contour Data button in the View Select dialog box, clicking the Post Data icon on the Post Toolbar, right-mouse<br />
clicking in the graphics window and choosing Post Data from the menu, or choosing Post Data from the contextsensitive<br />
menu when a results set is highlighted in the Model Info tree.<br />
The Deformation and Contour Output Vectors can be transformed into different directions or coordinate systems<br />
using the Transformation buttons. The transformed output can then be viewed using any of the options in Deformed<br />
Style and/or Contour Style (except Beam Diagram and Contour Vector). This option is for display purposes only as<br />
additional output vectors are not created, as they are when using the Model, Output, Transform command. Also, the<br />
Post Titles will include information regarding the transformed output currently being displayed.<br />
Displacement Output Vector Transformation<br />
The Deformation Transformation dialog box<br />
allows you to choose a Destination to transform the<br />
chosen nodal output vector into and also which<br />
Active Components should be displayed in the plot<br />
of the deformation.<br />
The Destination options are:<br />
•None - no transformation (default)<br />
•Into CSys - transforms the output vector into an<br />
existing coordinate system<br />
•Into Output CSys - transforms the nodal output<br />
vector into each node’s specified output coordinate<br />
system.<br />
In Active Components, choose which component(s) of the transformed output vector should be displayed. For<br />
instance, if you are showing “1..Total Translation” in the “2..Basic Spherical” coordinate system, you can choose to<br />
deform the model in only the “Theta” component of the translated vector (no “R” or Phi” components).
10.0-44<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Contour Output Vector Transformation<br />
The Contour Transformation dialog box allows you<br />
to transform output that references global X, Y, Z<br />
components (like Total Translation, Reaction<br />
Forces, etc.) into any chosen coordinate system or<br />
into the nodal output coordinate system at each<br />
node.<br />
You may also transform plate element forces,<br />
stresses, and strains into predefined “material directions”,<br />
a selected coordinate system, or along a<br />
specified vector from the standard output orientation<br />
direction.<br />
Finally, solid element stresses and strains can be<br />
transformed into a single chosen coordinate system<br />
or the current material direction (Material Axes)<br />
specified on the solid properties of the solid elements<br />
currently being displayed.<br />
Nodal Vector Output<br />
In the Nodal Vector Output section, you will find<br />
these options:<br />
•None - no transformation (default)<br />
•Into CSys - transforms the nodal output vector into<br />
an existing coordinate system.<br />
• Into Node Output CSys - transforms the nodal output vector into each node’s output coordinate system.<br />
Plate Forces, Stresses and Strains<br />
The options for Plate Forces, Stresses and Strains are:<br />
• None - no transformation (default)<br />
• Into Matl Direction - transforms output using the predefined “material angle” specified for each element. You<br />
can set the “material angle” when creating plane properties (in Define Property dialog box, choose Elem/Property<br />
Type, then click Element Material Orientation) or at anytime using the Modify, Update Elements, Material<br />
Angle command (for more information, see Section 4.7.3.13, "Modify, Update Elements, Material Angle..."),<br />
which has several options.<br />
• Into CSys - transforms the output vector to align the X-direction of output vector to the chosen X, Y, or Z component<br />
of an existing coordinate system.<br />
• Along Vector - transforms the output vector to align the X-direction of output vector to a vector specified by<br />
clicking the Vector button, then using the standard vector definition dialog box.<br />
Note:<br />
Before using the “Into Matl Direction” method, be sure to refer to your analysis program documentation<br />
to see how material orientation angles are used and to find any limitations.<br />
The other input required for the proper transformation of plate element output is the definition of the original component<br />
data, which can be selected using the Output Orientation button. Please see the Output Orientation section<br />
below.<br />
Solid Stresses and Strains<br />
Stresses and Strains for solid elements are returned to <strong>FEMAP</strong> from the solver in a direction specified using the<br />
Material Axes for each solid property prior to running the analysis (for more information, see the Solid Element<br />
Properties heading in Section 4.2.2.3, "Volume Elements").<br />
For Solid Stresses and Strains, you may pick from these options:<br />
• None - no transformation (default)
Output and Post-Processing 10.0-45<br />
• Into CSys - transforms the standard component solid stresses and strains into an existing coordinate system.<br />
• Into Matl Direction - transforms standard component solid stresses and strains from the analysis into the current<br />
setting for Material Axes for each solid property.<br />
As with plate elements, the other important input needed to properly transform the output is the definition of the<br />
original component data orientation, which can be selected using the Output Orientation button. Please see the<br />
Output Orientation section below for more information.<br />
For Example, model run using three different options for solid element material axis..<br />
Solid Element Output recovered in<br />
Global Rectangular Coordinate System<br />
Solid Element Output recovered in<br />
Global Spherical Coordinate System<br />
Solid Element Output aligned to<br />
Individual Elements<br />
Each material axis option transformed into a specified coordinate system.<br />
Solid Element Output recovered in<br />
Global Rectangular Coordinate System<br />
transformed into Global Spherical<br />
Coordinate System.<br />
Solid Element Output recovered in<br />
Global Spherical Coordinate System<br />
transformed into Global Rectangular<br />
Coordinate System<br />
Solid Element Output aligned to<br />
Individual Elements transformed into<br />
Global Spherical Coordinate System<br />
Output Orientation<br />
The Current Output Orientation dialog box contains the “default” output orientation for both Plane and Solid elements.<br />
For Plane elements, there is an option for each type of output data to transform (Stress, Strain, and Force),<br />
for each Plane element shape that may appear in the model (Tria3, Tria6, Quad4, and Quad8).<br />
There are two options for triangular elements (“0..First Edge” or “1..Midside Locations”) with the default being<br />
“0..First Edge”, while there are three options for quadrilateral elements (“0..First Edge”, “1..Midside Locations”, or<br />
“2..Diagonal Bisector”) with “2..Diagonal Bisector” being the default.<br />
For Solid elements, there are three orientation options (“0..Material Direction”, “1..Global Rectangular”, or<br />
“2..Element”) for different material types associated with Solid properties (Isotropic, Anisotropic, or Hyperelastic).
10.0-46<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Pressing the Reset button when the Current Output Orientation dialog box is accessed through either the Deformation<br />
Transformation or Contour Transformation dialog box will reset all of the output orientation options to the values<br />
currently set in the Preferences.<br />
For more information about these various orientation options, please see the Output Orientation portion of Section<br />
2.6.2.6, "Geometry/Model".<br />
Consult your analysis program’s documentation concerning the original coordinate system definition.<br />
Transforming Output (new output vectors)<br />
You may also transform plate element forces,<br />
stresses, and strains into the material direction, a<br />
selected coordinate system, or along a specified<br />
vector from the standard output direction.<br />
Solid element stresses and strains can also be<br />
transformed into a ca single chosen coordinate<br />
system or the current material direction specified<br />
for the solid properties of the selected elements.<br />
When you choose this command, you will see the<br />
Transform Output Data dialog box. There are<br />
seven transform options available:<br />
•Vector Output (into CSys)<br />
•Vector Output (into Node Output CSys)<br />
•Plate Forces, Stresses and Strains (into Matl<br />
Direction)<br />
•Plate Forces, Stresses and Strains (into CSys)<br />
•Plate Forces, Stresses and Strains (along Vector)<br />
•Solid Stresses and Strains (into CSys)<br />
•Solid Stresses and Strains (into Matl Direction)<br />
Vector Output<br />
When you choose the Vector Output (into CSys) option:<br />
1. Use the Into CSys field to choose the coordinate system that you want to transform into.<br />
2. Select the output set and output vector that you want to transform. Typically you will want to pick the “Total”<br />
vector, (like Total Translation), not a component vector (like X or T1 Translation). If you want to transform just<br />
the vector that you select, make certain that All Sets is not checked. If you want to transform that vector in every<br />
output set, turn on All Sets.<br />
When using the Vector Output (into Node Output CSys) option, you will only have to do step 2 above. <strong>FEMAP</strong> will<br />
transform the selected output vectors into each selected node’s specified output coordinate system.<br />
What You Get - Vector Output<br />
This command creates 12 new output vectors from the single vector that you select. These vectors are the three<br />
transformed components of the original global data, and nine additional vectors that are the global X, Y, Z components<br />
of the transformed components. <strong>FEMAP</strong> needs these additional nine vectors so that you can use the transformed<br />
component vectors for deformed plots, arrow plots, or other post-processing options that work with global<br />
components.<br />
Plate Forces, Stresses, and Strains<br />
These options allow you to transform standard component plate forces, stresses, and strains to a specified “material<br />
angle”, a chosen axis of an existing coordinate system, or by simply specifying a vector.<br />
If you want to see component stresses output using the “into Matl Direction” option, you will first want to set the<br />
“material angle” for the elements using the Modify, Update Elements, Material Angle command (for more information,<br />
see Section 4.7.3.13, "Modify, Update Elements, Material Angle..."), which has several options. <strong>FEMAP</strong> then
Geometry Interfaces 10.0-47<br />
uses the material angle for each output and the standard output vectors in the selected output set (unless you select<br />
All Sets) to transform the components into the material angle coordinate system for each element.<br />
Note:<br />
Before using the “into Matl Direction” method, be sure to refer to your analysis program documentation<br />
to see how material orientation angles are used and to find any limitations.<br />
When using the “into Csys” option, the vector and resulting angle are simply defined along a selected coordinate<br />
direction (X, Y, or Z) of an existing coordinate system selected from the Into CSys drop-down list. This method is<br />
especially useful if you want to align the material axes to the radial or tangential direction in a cylindrical or spherical<br />
coordinate system.<br />
If you choose the “along Vector” option, you will want to click the Vector button to also specify a vector. The standard<br />
vector definition dialog box will appear to allow you to assign a vector direction. <strong>FEMAP</strong> will transform the<br />
output for each element and align the X-direction of the output vector with the specified vector.<br />
The other input required for the transformation of plate element output is the definition of the original component<br />
data, which can be selected using the Output Orientation button. Please see the Output Orientation section below<br />
for more information. The new component plate forces, stresses, and strains will be placed in the user defined output<br />
vector numbers (9,000,000+).<br />
Solid Stresses and Strains<br />
These options allow you to transform standard component solid stresses and strains from the Material Axes specified<br />
for each solid property prior to running the analysis (for more information, see the Solid Element Properties<br />
heading in Section 4.2.2.3, "Volume Elements") to a specified existing coordinate system or the current setting for<br />
Material Axes for each solid property.<br />
As with plate elements, the other important input needed to properly transform the output is the definition of the<br />
original component data orientation, which can be selected using the Output Orientation button. Please see the<br />
Output Orientation section below for more information. The new component solid stresses and strains will be<br />
placed in the user defined output vector numbers (9,000,000+).<br />
Output Orientation<br />
The Current Output Orientation dialog box contains the “default” output orientation for both Plate and Solid elements.<br />
For plane elements, there is an option for each type of output data to transform (Stress, Strain, and Force),<br />
for each plane element shape that may appear in the model (Tria3, Tria6, Quad4, and Quad8).<br />
There are two options for triangular elements (“0..First Edge” or “1..Midside Locations”) with the default being<br />
“0..First Edge”, while there are three options for quadrilateral elements (“0..First Edge”, “1..Midside Locations”, or<br />
“2..Diagonal Bisector”) with “2..Diagonal Bisector” being the default.<br />
For solids, there are three orientation options (“0..Material Direction”, “1..Global Rectangular”, or “2..Element”)<br />
for different material types associated with solid properties (Isotropic, Anisotropic, and Hyperelastic).<br />
Pressing the Reset button when the Current Output Orientation dialog box is accessed through either the Transform<br />
Output Data dialog box will reset all of the output orientation options to the values currently set in the Preferences.<br />
For more information about these various orientation options, please see the Output Orientation portion of Section<br />
2.6.2.6, "Geometry/Model".<br />
Geometry Interfaces<br />
• Added support for direct geometry import of SolidWorks parts and assemblies.<br />
• Changed CATIA V5 direct geometry translator. CATIA V5 versions R7 to R18 are supported. Reading of CAT-<br />
Parts and CATProducts created using versions prior to R7 is not supported<br />
The following <strong>FEMAP</strong> interfaces have been updated to support newer geometry formats:<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> Interface<br />
Latest Supported Version<br />
Parasolid Parasolid 20.0<br />
Solid Edge Solid Edge with Synchronous Technology (V 21)<br />
NX NX 6<br />
Pro/Engineer Wildfire 4
10.0-48<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
For details, see “Geometry Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
Analysis Program Interfaces<br />
Several of the analysis program interfaces have been improved. These changes include:<br />
• “Analysis Set Manager Enhancements” on page 48<br />
• “<strong>FEMAP</strong> Neutral File Interface” on page 48<br />
• “NX Nastran Interface” on page 48<br />
• “Nastran Interfaces (NX and MSC/MD)” on page 49<br />
• “MSC/MD Nastran Interface” on page 49<br />
• “NEi Nastran Interface” on page 49<br />
• “ANSYS Interface” on page 49<br />
• “ABAQUS Interface” on page 50<br />
• “DYNA Interface” on page 50<br />
Analysis Set Manager Enhancements<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
• Added Analyze Multiple option. This accesses a multi-select dialog box which allows you to pick any number<br />
of Analysis Sets and run them one after another.<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> Neutral File Interface<br />
• Removed option for choosing Binary and Formatted in File Format Section. All Neutral files are Formatted.<br />
• Updated Neutral Read and Write for v10.0 changes<br />
NX Nastran Interface<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> Interface<br />
ACIS ACIS 19 Service Pack 1<br />
CATIA V5 V5 release 18<br />
SolidWorks SolidWorks 2009<br />
Latest Supported Version<br />
A number of bugs were corrected<br />
• Added support for triangle and quadrilateral axisymmetric elements (CTRAX3, CTRAX6, CQUADX4, and<br />
CQUADX8), which were new for NX Nastran version 6.<br />
• Added option for “Extended Solution Status Monitoring”. Writes SYSTEM(442)=-1 to the *.dat file. This<br />
option is on by default and the feedback it produces is used by the NX Nastran Analysis Monitor<br />
• Added BOLTFACT to the PARAM section of the NASTRAN Bulk Data Options dialog box.<br />
• Added “Gaps as Contact” to the “Plate, Beam, and Rigid” section of the NASTRAN Bulk Data Options dialog<br />
box. Writes out a BCSET entry in Case Control.<br />
• Added Support for CQUADR and CTRIAR Composite Stress and Strain output from the op2.<br />
Solution 601 updates<br />
• Added “Large Strain Form” (ULFORM), “Incompatible Mode for 4 Node Shells” (ICMODE), “Max Disp/Iteration”<br />
(MAXDISP), and “Drilling DOF Factor” (DRILLKF) options to the Analysis Options section of<br />
NXSTRAT Solver Parameters dialog box.<br />
• Added “Bolt Force Increments” (BOLTSTP), “Convert Dependency to True Stress” (CVSSVAL), and “Allow<br />
Element Rupture” (XTCURVE) options to the Other Parameters section of NXSTRAT Solver Parameters dialog<br />
box.
Nastran Interfaces (NX and MSC/MD) 10.0-49<br />
• Added “Line Search Lower Bound” (LSLOWER) and “Line Search Lower Bound” (LSUPPER) options to the<br />
Line Search Setting section of NXSTRAT Iterations and Convergence Parameters dialog box.<br />
• Added “Do not allow Consistent Contact Forces” (TNSLCF) and “Use Old Rigid Target Algorithm”<br />
(RTALG=1) options to the Contact Control section of NXSTRAT Iterations and Convergence Parameters dialog<br />
box.<br />
• Changed “Segment Type” (CSTYPE) options from “0..Old” and “1..<strong>New</strong>” to “0..Linear Contact” and “1..Element<br />
based” in the Contact Control section of NXSTRAT Iterations and Convergence Parameters dialog box.<br />
• Added support for 2-D Contact, usually used in analysis with axisymmetric elements.<br />
• Added support for Glued Contact.<br />
Solution 701 updates<br />
• Added Contact Control section to NXSTRAT Solver Parameters dialog box. Added “Segment Type”<br />
(CSTYPE) and “Use Old Rigid Target Algorithm” (RTALG=1) to this section.<br />
• Added Other Parameters section to NXSTRAT Solver Parameters dialog box. Added “Convert Dependency to<br />
True Stress” (CVSSVAL) and “Allow Element Rupture” (XTCURVE) options to this section.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
Nastran Interfaces (NX and MSC/MD)<br />
• Added support for “-2..Automatic(Statics)” for INREL to the PARAM section of the NASTRAN Bulk Data<br />
Options dialog box.<br />
• Added support for SUPORT1 to the Boundary Conditions dialog box.<br />
• Added support for Fastener elements (CFAST) and properties (PFAST).<br />
• Added support for spring/damper elements (CELAS1 and CDAMP1) which use a property (PELAS and<br />
PDAMP). How the spring/damper elements are exported to the Nastran input file is controlled via the element<br />
formulation.<br />
• Added Beam/Bar Cross-Section Dimensions as comments when Nastran input file is written. When a Nastran<br />
file with these comments is imported into <strong>FEMAP</strong>, the Beam/Bar Cross-Section Dimensions will be filled-in.<br />
• Added support for reading Nastran Free-Field Auto Continuation (long entries with or without embedded continuation<br />
fields and large-field free field).<br />
• Changed SESTATICS to SESTATIC, which is correct for Nastran<br />
• Supported reading results from multiple subcases (and not overwriting) from modal frequency and nonlinear<br />
(static and transient)<br />
A number of bugs were corrected<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
MSC/MD Nastran Interface<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
NEi Nastran Interface<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
ANSYS Interface<br />
• Added support for MPC184 rigid beam/link elements. Specified using element Formulation.<br />
• Added support for output from rigid elements (Rigid Axial Force, Rigid Y Moment, Rigid Z Moment, Rigid Y<br />
Shear Force, Rigid Z Shear Force, and Rigid Torsional Moment)
10.0-50<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
ABAQUS Interface<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
DYNA Interface<br />
Tools<br />
• Added support for 10-noded tetrahedral elements. Also, added “16..10 Node Tetrahedron - EQ 16” and “17..10<br />
Node Composite Tetrahedron” formulations.<br />
• Added support for Rigid and Interpolation elements. Writes *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY<br />
(Rigid) and *CONSTRAINED_INTERPOLATION (Interpolation) entries.<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
Check, Coincident Elem...<br />
• Added choice between Quick Check (Just Corners) and Full Check and added Check Rigid Element option.<br />
Quick Check (Just Corners)<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> will only compare elements with the same number of “end” or “corner” nodes to one another to determine<br />
if they are coincident. This option will find a linear element and parabolic element coincident if the two elements<br />
share all corner nodes. You can only use the Check Elements with Different Types and/or Check Mass Elements<br />
options with this procedure.<br />
Full Check<br />
This method checks all nodes of all elements to determine coincidence based on the options selected. Also, two<br />
additional options, Check Elements with Different Shape and Check Rigid Elements are only available when using<br />
this method.<br />
Check Rigid Elements<br />
This option includes Rigid elements in the check. Of course, if a rigid element shares all of the same nodes with<br />
another rigid element, those elements are considered coincident. Also, if a single “leg” of a rigid spider element<br />
(independent node to dependent node) is shared with a “leg” of another rigid spider element, those elements will be<br />
considered coincident. Finally, when the Check Elements of Different Types and Check Elements of Different Shape<br />
are both on, a “line element” (bar, beam, tube, etc.) which shares both nodes with a “leg” of a rigid spider element<br />
will be considered coincident.<br />
Check, Distortion<br />
• Added Permanent and Reset buttons to the Check Element Distortions dialog box. Pressing the Reset button<br />
will set the values to the default values currently specified for each distortion check in the Element Distortion<br />
Preferences dialog box, which is accessed from the Geometry/Model tab of File, Preferences command. Pressing<br />
the Permanent button will take the values currently specified in this dialog box and make them the default<br />
values for Element Distortion Preferences.<br />
• Added “Nastran Warping” and “Combined” Element Checks<br />
Nastran Warping Checking...<br />
... evaluates the planarity of element faces, using the same equations Nastran uses when using the GEOMCHECK<br />
option “Q4_WARP”. This check only looks at quadrilateral faces. Internally, the Nastran Warping factor is defined<br />
by determining the distance of the corner points of the element to the “mean plane” of the nodes divided by the<br />
average of the element’s diagonal lengths. For “flat” elements, all of the corner nodes lie on a plane, therefore the<br />
Nastran Warping factor is zero.
OLE/COM API 10.0-51<br />
Combined (Quality) Checking...<br />
The combined element quality ranges from 0.0 (good) to 1.0 (bad). Any values outside this range will return a<br />
value of 1.0 and therefore indicate the element quality is not adequate. Combined Quality is useful as it provides a<br />
single value that attempts to indicate “overall” quality while dynamically modifying nodal locations or changing<br />
mesh sizes. It is not a guarantee that a model will solve.<br />
The value for Combined Quality is determined using the maximum value of these seven values: Aspect Ratio,<br />
Taper, Alternate Taper, Internal Angle, Warping, Nastran Warping, and Jacobian. Only element checks which are<br />
currently “on” and applicable to the element shape will be used when calculating the Combined Quality. Also, the<br />
values currently specified in the Check Element Distortions dialog box for each quality check are used by the Combined<br />
Quality calculation.<br />
Note:<br />
Customized default values for each of the element distortion checks can be set in File, Preferences on<br />
the Geometry/Model tab by pressing the Element Distortion button. See Section 2.6.2.6, "Geometry/<br />
Model" for more information.<br />
If the “distortion check” calculated for Combined Quality is less than 0.75 times the value specified for a particular<br />
“distortion check”, the corresponding value is set to 0.0. If the calculated “distortion check” value is more than the<br />
value specified for a particular “distortion check”, the corresponding value is 1.0. The Combined Quality values are<br />
linearly interpolated between 75% and 100% of the specified value for each distortion check.<br />
Here is a plot of “% of distortion” value vs. “Combined Quality” value:<br />
OLE/COM API<br />
<strong>New</strong> API Objects and Attributes<br />
• Added NasExecSolutionMonitor, NasBulkInrelVal, NasBulkGapsAsContact, NasBulkBoltFact, and NasBulk-<br />
BoltFactVal to AnalysisMgr object<br />
• Added NasNXStratMaxDisp, NasNXStratBoltstp, NasNXStratCvssval, NasNXStratXtcurve, NasNXStratRtalg,<br />
NasNXStratTnslcf, NasNXStratDrillkf, NasNXStratLslower, and NasNXStratLsupper to AnalysisMgr<br />
object.<br />
• Added InternalToBoundary and InCombinedCurve to Curve object.<br />
• Added InternalToBoundary, attrTopology, attrMesher, attrMappedLevel, attrMapSubdivisions, attrMapEqualOnly,<br />
attrMapAltTri, attrMapRightBias, attrMapSplitQuads, attrMapAngleDeviation, attrMapMinCornerAngle,<br />
attrMidsideGeom, attrMidsideAngle, attrMinBetween, attrMaxAspect, attrQuickCutNodes,<br />
attrQuickCutAngle, attrSmoothLaplacian, attrSmoothIter, attrSmoothTolerance, attrConnectEdgeNodes, attr-<br />
ConnectEdgeNodeTol, attrOffsetFrom, attrInitialized, and attrPostMeshCleanup to Surface object
10.0-52<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
• Added RotateCSys, TransformDeformMode, TransformDeformCSys, TransformDeformX, TransformDeformY,<br />
TransformDeformZ, TransformNodalMode, TransformNodalCSys, TransformPlateMode, Transform-<br />
PlateCSys, TransformPlateDOF, vTransformPlateVector, TransformPlateVector, TransformSolidMode, and<br />
TransformSolidCSys to View object.<br />
• Added Info_OrientSolidIsoOutput, Info_OrientSolidAnisoOutput, Info_OrientSolidHyperOutput,<br />
Info_OrientTria3StressOuput, Info_OrientTria3StrainOuput, Info_OrientTria3ForceOuput,<br />
Info_OrientTria6StressOuput, Info_OrientTria6StrainOuput, Info_OrientTria6ForceOuput,<br />
Info_OrientQuad4StressOuput, Info_OrientQuad4StrainOuput, Info_OrientQuad4ForceOuput,<br />
Info_OrientQuad8StressOuput, Info_OrientQuad8StrainOuput, Info_OrientQuad8ForceOuput to the Global<br />
Properties of the main <strong>FEMAP</strong> application object.<br />
• Added Pref_ReadTabSize, PickBoundaryInternalMode, and PickCombinedCurveInternalMode to the Global<br />
Properties of the main <strong>FEMAP</strong> application object.<br />
<strong>New</strong> API Methods<br />
• Added SelectID, NextInSet, FirstInSet, and Count methods to the Common Entity Properties object<br />
• Added OutputVectors method to the OutputSet object<br />
• Added AnalyzeMultiple method to AnalysisMgr object<br />
• Added GetMeshLoc, GetMeshLocXYZ, IsSmoothEdge, Surfaces, SurfacesAsSet, ElementsAsSet, NodesAs-<br />
Set, Normal, IsCombinedCurve, GetCombinedCurves, CombineCurves, CombineCurvesAsSet, and Facets<br />
methods to Curve object<br />
• Added AddOutput method to DataTable object<br />
• Added GetCentroid, GetEdgeNodes, GetFaceNodes, and IsParabolic methods to Elem object<br />
• Added Add method to Group object<br />
• Added GetPly, SetPly, GetAllPly, and SetAllPly methods to Layup object<br />
• Added InCombinedCurve, NodesAsSet, Curves, CurvesAsSet, and SurfacesAsSet methods to Point object<br />
• Added SharedDelete, JumpToEnd, Size, Time Created, TimeWritten, and TimeAccessed methods to Read<br />
object<br />
• Added RemoveNotCommon, RemoveNotCommonToGroup, RemoveGroup, Debug, IsSetAdded, Convert-<br />
ToAllSurfaces, ConvertToBoundarySurfaces, ConvertToBoundarySurfacesOnly, ConvertToInternalSurfaces,<br />
ConvertToAllCurves, ConvertToCombinedCurves, ConvertToCombinedCurvesOnly, ConvertToInternal-<br />
Curves, IsArrayAdded, HasCommon, and RemoveArray methods to Set object<br />
• Added CurvesAsSet, SurfacesAsSet, ElementsAsSet, and NodesAsSet methods to Solid object<br />
• Added Current method to Sort object<br />
• Added NormalAtXYZ, NormalBox, BoundarySurfaces, AdjacentSurfaces, BoundarySurfacesAsSet, Adjacent-<br />
SurfacesAsSet, CurvesAsSet, PointsAsSet, EndPointsAsSet, ElementsAsSet, NodesAsSet, and Solid methods<br />
to Surface object<br />
Updated and Corrected API Methods<br />
• Updated Curves and Surfaces methods of Solid Object.<br />
• Updated Curves and Points methods of Surface Object.<br />
The following functions have been added:<br />
• feAppModelDefragment<br />
• feGetElementEdges<br />
• feElementFreeEdge<br />
• feElementFreeFace<br />
• feSurfaceNormalDeviation<br />
• feAddToolbarSubmenuSubmenu
Preferences 10.0-53<br />
• feBoundaryAddSurfaces<br />
• feCoordVectorPlaneIntersect<br />
• feSurfaceConvert<br />
• feGroupMoveToLayer<br />
• feBoundaryFromPoints<br />
• feAutoMeshAssociativity<br />
• feSolidStitchNoCleanup<br />
• feAppVersion<br />
The following functions have been fixed, changed or removed:<br />
• feFilePictureSave has been modified to support new file types available in File, Picture, Save.<br />
• feOutputTransform has been modified to support new options available in Model, Output, Transform.<br />
• feRenumber has been modified to allow renumbering of Layups, Connectors, Regions, Connection Properties,<br />
Functions, Analysis Sets, and Layers.<br />
• feDelete has been modified to allow deleting of Layups, Analysis Sets in the Analysis Manager, Connection<br />
Properties, and Connectors.<br />
Preferences<br />
Views<br />
• Removed preference for Autoplot Created/Modified Geometry. <strong>FEMAP</strong> needs to do this in order to function<br />
properly.<br />
Render<br />
• Added preference for XOR Picking Graphics.<br />
XOR picking effects how entities are highlighted when graphically picking in <strong>FEMAP</strong>. This was the only picking<br />
graphics method in <strong>FEMAP</strong> before version 10. With the advent of Windows Vista, picking was not able to draw to<br />
the screen image directly which made XOR picking much less efficient (slower) on some graphics cards. If XOR<br />
picking is “off”, <strong>FEMAP</strong> basically draws a bitmap of the screen image and then determines the color that is the<br />
“XOR” of the entity color and draws the entity twice, once with the “XOR” of the entity color but larger or thicker<br />
and once with the entity color. Un-highlighting is done by redrawing the bitmap of the screen. In non Vista hardware,<br />
turning XOR picking “on” will likely give better clarity but for Vista, performance is better with it “off”.<br />
• Added preference for Dialog Refresh.<br />
With certain graphics cards, the view will not be redrawn behind open dialog boxes, thus if the dialog box is moved<br />
after the model has been dynamically rotated the display may not be correct. When this option is “on”, <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
will force a redraw of the graphics window.<br />
• Added preference for Block Size.<br />
The block size determines the size of “blocked data” in “collectors” used by <strong>FEMAP</strong> internally. If you have a few<br />
large “collectors”, a larger block size should provide better performance. On the other hand, if you have a large<br />
number of small collectors (i.e., often happens with laminates), you might use a great deal of memory with too<br />
large a block size, so selecting a smaller block size should be beneficial.<br />
User Interface<br />
• Updated how Load Layout works when loading a layout from an older version of the software into a newer version.<br />
If a *.LAYOUT file is loaded into a newer version of the software, only “Shortcut Keys” and “User Commands”<br />
will be updated, while “Menus and Toolbars” and “Panes” will not.<br />
Geometry/Model<br />
• Added “Construction Geometry - when used” preference.<br />
Allows you to choose how “construction geometry” will be handled in <strong>FEMAP</strong> after the construction geometry has<br />
been used by another geometry command. In simplest terms, “construction geometry” is a curve used to create a
10.0-54<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
surface using certain methods on the “Geometry, Surface...” menu (Edge Curves, Aligned Curves, Ruled, Extrude,<br />
Revolve, and Sweep) or a surface or boundary surface used to create a solid via extruding or revolving. Construction<br />
geometry also includes any curves used by a “construction surface” and all points on “construction curves”.<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> has three options for handling “construction geometry”:<br />
0..Delete (default) - All “construction geometry” will be automatically deleted from the model after use by one of<br />
the geometry commands specified above.<br />
1..Move to NoPick Layer - Moves all “construction geometry” to layer “9999..Construction Layer”. Layer “9999”<br />
is always the default “NoPick Layer”. When an entity is on the “NoPick Layer” and that layer is visible entities can<br />
be seen but not graphically selected from the graphics window. You will need to change the “NoPick Layer” to<br />
“0..None” in order to select these entities graphically if you would like to use them again for any reason.<br />
2..Do Nothing - “Construction geometry” will not be moved to Layer “9999..Construction Layer” and will also not<br />
be deleted from the model. All “construction geometry” will remain in the model on the original layer and be available<br />
for graphical selection when the layer containing the geometry is visible.<br />
Note:<br />
The only option available for “construction geometry” in <strong>FEMAP</strong> prior to version 10, was “1..Move to<br />
NoPick Layer”, so set this option to have <strong>FEMAP</strong> handle construction geometry as it has in the past.<br />
• Added Output Orientation button which accesses the Current Output Orientation dialog box.<br />
This dialog box allows you to choose the default orientation of the “X”<br />
direction for different types of output for different element types. The<br />
options set in this dialog box will be the default values set for all new<br />
models. These options can be changed “on the fly” for a particular<br />
model when using the Model, Output, Transform command (see Section<br />
8.5.8, "Model, Output, Transform...") or when using the “Transformation”<br />
functionality of the View, Select command (see Section<br />
8.2.2.2, "Selecting Data for a Deformed or Contour Style").<br />
The Current Output Orientation dialog box contains the “default” output<br />
orientation for both Plate and Solid elements. For plane elements,<br />
there is an option for each type of output data to transform (Stress,<br />
Strain, and Force), for each plane element shape that may appear in<br />
the model (Tria3, Tria6, Quad4, and Quad8).<br />
Defaults are for Nastran. Consult your analysis program’s documentation<br />
concerning the original coordinate system definition.<br />
There are two options for triangular elements (“0..First Edge” or<br />
“1..Midside Locations”) with the default being “0..First Edge”<br />
First Edge<br />
Midside Locations<br />
Node 1 Node 2 Node 1 Node 2<br />
“0..First Edge” orients the element X-direction to a vector between “Node 1” and “Node 2” of the element, while<br />
“1..Midside Locations” orients the element X-direction to a vector from the “midpoint” between “Node 1” and<br />
“Node 3” to the midpoint between “Node 2” and “Node 3”.<br />
There are three options for quadrilateral elements (“0..First Edge”, “1..Midside Locations”, or “2..Diagonal Bisector”)<br />
with “2..Diagonal Bisector” being the default.
Preferences 10.0-55<br />
First Edge Midside Locations Diagonal Bisector<br />
Node 3 Node 3 Node 3<br />
Node 4 Node 4 Node 4<br />
Node 1 Node 2 Node 1 Node 2 Node 1 Node 2<br />
“0..First Edge” orients the element X-direction to a vector between “Node 1” and “Node 2” of the element, while<br />
“1..Midside Locations” orients the element X-direction to a vector from the “midpoint” between “Node 1” and<br />
“Node 4” to the midpoint between “Node 2” and “Node 3”. “2..Diagonal Bisector” orients the X-direction of the<br />
elements to a vector originating from the point where a line from “Node 2” to “Node 4” intersects a line from<br />
“Node 1” to “Node 3” and extends out following a vector which bisects the angle from “Node 2” to the “Intersection<br />
point” to “Node 3”.<br />
For solids, there are three orientation options (“0..Material Direction”, “1..Global Rectangular”, or “2..Element”)<br />
for different material types associated with solid properties (Isotropic, Anisotropic, and Hyperelastic).<br />
Pressing the Reset button when the Current Output Orientation dialog box is accessed through the Preferences will<br />
reset all of the output orientation options to the default values set when <strong>FEMAP</strong> is first installed.<br />
• Added Element Distortion button which accesses the Element Distortion Preferences dialog box.<br />
This dialog box allows you to set default values used when checking<br />
element distortions. Also, you may choose which element<br />
checks will be “on” by default when using the Tools, Check, Distortion<br />
command.<br />
The Element Distortion checks are:<br />
•Aspect Ratio<br />
•Taper<br />
•Alternate Taper<br />
•Internal Angles<br />
•Warping<br />
•Nastran Warping<br />
•Tet Collapse<br />
•Jacobian<br />
•Combined<br />
See Section 7.4.5.6, "Tools, Check, Distortion..." for descriptions<br />
of the individual element distortion checks.<br />
The values set in this dialog box will be used for element distortion every time <strong>FEMAP</strong> is opened. If you change<br />
the values while <strong>FEMAP</strong> is open, those values will persist until that session of <strong>FEMAP</strong> has been closed. Pressing<br />
the Permanent button when using the Tools, Check, Distortion command will update these default values.<br />
• Added Pre-v10 Tet Meshing and Pre-v10 Surface Meshing preferences. The tetrahedral and surface meshing in<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> has dramatically changed for version 10. You will find in the “options” of several of the Mesh, Geometry...<br />
commands, there are check boxes to use the “pre-v10” meshers. These two switches in the preferences<br />
allow you to always use the “pre-v10” tetrahedral and/or surface meshing if you feel more comfortable with<br />
these meshers and the associated default values they use.
10.0-56<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Interfaces<br />
• Added Improve Single Field Precision option. When this option is on, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will write all values specified<br />
using “scientific notation” or longer than 8 characters to the Nastran input file without the “E” designation. For<br />
instance, a value such as “4.86111E-4” in <strong>FEMAP</strong> would appear in the Nastran input file as “4.8611-4” when<br />
this option is on instead of “4.861E-4”. Small field only.<br />
Colors<br />
• Added preference for setting the default color of Combined Curves.<br />
Spaceball<br />
• Added preference for Print Debug Messages.
What’s <strong>New</strong> for version 9.3.1 10.0-57<br />
What’s <strong>New</strong> for version 9.3.1<br />
User Interface<br />
General<br />
"General", "Menu", "Spaceball", "Data Table", "Entity Editor", "Model Info Tree", "Data Surface Editor"<br />
• <strong>FEMAP</strong> is now available as both a 32-bit and 64-bit application. The 64-bit version is able to take advantage of<br />
the of the benefits of running on a 64-bit platform, such as being able to use more than 2GB of memory.<br />
• A function to compute memory usage percent was added to the preferences and sets better default values for the<br />
amount of RAM on a particular machine. Previously, you would need to specify a number of parameters in the<br />
preferences based on the amount of memory on a machine.<br />
Menu<br />
• List, Output, Force Balance Interface Load added to List menu.<br />
Spaceball<br />
Data Table<br />
Entity Editor<br />
• A tab has been added to the preferences to allow more precise use of a Spaceball<br />
• The Data Table can now be accessed via the <strong>FEMAP</strong> API in order to create customized tables in the Data Table.<br />
• Coefficient of Thermal Expansion on rigid elements is now displayed in the Entity Editor and Data Table<br />
Model Info Tree<br />
• Added Group commands to tree menus for Solids, Properties, and Materials<br />
• Added Automatic Add to the Group Menu in Model Info tree<br />
• Added context menu to the root of the Connections branch in Model Info tree.<br />
• Added Show to the Layup Menu in Model Info tree.<br />
• Added support for editing Data Surface titles from the tree.<br />
Data Surface Editor<br />
• Added <strong>New</strong> interpolation commands for row column and to force weighted or bi linear interpolation.<br />
Interpolate - This command will perform the initial interpolation on a “Tabular Data Surface” which is currently<br />
active in the Data Surface Editor. This allows you to enter only certain portions of data into the Data Surface, then<br />
have <strong>FEMAP</strong> interpolate between those points for you. This also allows you to see the “populated” values which<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> has calculated in the table of values.<br />
Automatic - Automatically switches between a linear or distance<br />
weighted interpolation method. A linear approach is used unless points<br />
internal to the data surface have been defined.<br />
Linear - Uses a linear interpolation method.<br />
Distance Weighted - Uses a Distance weighted method.<br />
Linear Row - Linearly interpolates each independent row.<br />
Linear Column - Linearly interpolates each independent column.
10.0-58<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
.<br />
Note:<br />
Automatic interpolation is identical to the first step which is performed when a tabular data surface<br />
is evaluated to find variation locations.<br />
Meshing<br />
• Table copy from Data Surface editor<br />
• Messages added indicating when location evaluated to zero.<br />
Enhancements to meshing include:<br />
• Added "Copy in Same Location" to all Mesh, Copy... commands<br />
• Added 4 new patterns to Mesh, Editing, Interactive<br />
• Added 1 new pattern to Mesh, Editing, Split<br />
<strong>New</strong> Patterns<br />
• Added Regenerate display at end of Mesh, Editing, Interactive command<br />
• Added the Radial method to Mesh, Extrude... commands<br />
For the Radial method, you will be asked a question:<br />
Clicking “Yes” allows you to choose a location which defines the center of the radial extrusion. Clicking “No”<br />
prompts you to choose a vector for constant extrusion of all elements from that vector. Finally, you must specify the<br />
radial offset length, the radial distance between the original curve and the “end” of the extrusion.<br />
When using the “Extrude Around Point/Spherical” option, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will compute an extrusion vector for each element<br />
which runs from the center that you chose, to the entity.<br />
In a three dimensional case, this actually produces a spherical extrusion, since the extrusion vector is computed<br />
from the “center of the sphere”<br />
When using the “Around Vector/Cylindrical” option, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will compute an extrusion vector for each element<br />
which runs from the closest point on the defined vector, to the entity.<br />
Note:<br />
If you have a number of “stacked” curves which you would like extruded to create “stacked” parallel<br />
layers of elements, you will want to use the Radial Method with the Around Vector/Cylindrical option.
Meshing 10.0-59<br />
The figure shows one example of extruding a set of “stacked” curves<br />
Three Curves extruded<br />
using the Radial Method<br />
Around Point/Spherical<br />
Option<br />
Three Curves extruded<br />
using the Radial Method<br />
Around Vector/Cylindrical<br />
Option<br />
• Added Bias to Standard Extrusion in the Mesh, Extrude... commands<br />
You can set a Bias which will create smaller elements (values > 1.0) or larger elements (values < 1.0) near the<br />
“start” of the extrusion, which is the “Base” of the vector for Vector method or “closest” to the specified point in<br />
space or defined vector for the Radial method.<br />
Bias Set to 2.0 Bias Set to 0.5<br />
• Updated Radial Copy of Nodes/Elements to do either spherical or cylindrical about a vector.
10.0-60<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Layups<br />
• Total Thickness is now displayed in the Layup Manager Dialog box.<br />
Thickness Displayed<br />
Layup Viewer Button<br />
• <strong>New</strong> Layup Viewer helps in during the creation of layups.<br />
The Layup Viewer allows you to graphically visualize the current layup being created or edited. Each ply currently<br />
in the layup will be shown and labeled with Ply Number, Thickness, Orientation, and Material in the Layup Viewer.<br />
The ply at the top of the viewing area always represents the “top” of the layup. Initially, all of the plies are shown in<br />
the viewing area, with all plies being scaled based on the size of the largest ply. In layups with a large number of<br />
plies or plies with large variation of thickness, this can create a somewhat cluttered display. The entire Layup<br />
Viewer can be resized and the viewing area scaled and scrolled to allow in-depth examination of specific plies.
Layups 10.0-61<br />
General Controls and Options<br />
The layup display can be scaled using the Scale slider bar. When the slider is all the way to the left, this represents<br />
the default display and the “middle” of the layup will always be returned to the “middle” of the display area.<br />
Once the layup has been scaled, you can explore different sections of the layup by moving the scroll bar up and<br />
down on the right side of the Layup Viewer.<br />
Note:<br />
When using the scroll bar, you will notice that the “top line” of the “top ply” and the “bottom line” of<br />
the “bottom ply” will stop at the “middle” of the display area.<br />
There are several options in the Layup Viewer which enable you to choose how the layup should be displayed.<br />
Also, the display can copied to the clipboard then pasted into other windows programs.<br />
The options are explained in greater detail below.<br />
Thickness<br />
Allows you to choose if each ply should be displayed based on a scaled representation of the ply thickness or if<br />
each ply should be shown with a Constant thickness.<br />
Note:<br />
The “constant thickness” is determined by dividing the available display area height by the number of<br />
plies (when the layup display is NOT scaled).<br />
Ply Angles<br />
When this box is Checked, the ply orientation angles will be displayed graphically on each ply. This option is ON<br />
by default.<br />
Titles<br />
When this box is Checked, the Title of the ply material will be displayed instead of only the ply material ID. This<br />
option is OFF by default.<br />
Display Color<br />
• Material Color - Uses the material color assigned to each material. If you have not specified any special material<br />
colors, all of your plies will be the same color.<br />
• Random Color - Assigns a random color to each material in the model for Layup Viewer purposes only. If you<br />
have not defined material colors, this is an easy way to see differentiation between layers of different properties.<br />
• Monochrome - Changes the layup display to Monochrome (Grayscale) which can be useful if copying the<br />
layup display to another program for printing purposes.<br />
Copy to Clipboard button<br />
Copies the layup display to the clipboard. By default, the Visible Only option is checked, which means only the<br />
plies currently in the display area will be copied to the clipboard. When unchecked, the entire layup will be copied<br />
to the clipboard.<br />
Note:<br />
On 32-bit operating systems, if the image of the entire layup becomes larger than 13,500,000 pixels,<br />
the Visible Only option will NOT be available to uncheck and can NOT be turned OFF. You will still<br />
be able to copy the visible portion of the layup, but not the entire thing at once.<br />
In certain cases, another program (such as Microsoft Word) may not be able to paste the image from<br />
the clipboard. If this is the case, try scaling the image less. One way to do this and still get a useful<br />
image of the layup may be to use the Constant Thickness option.<br />
This is not a restriction when running <strong>FEMAP</strong> on 64-bit operating systems.
10.0-62<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Geometry<br />
• Added "Copy in Same Location" option to all Geometry, Copy... commands<br />
• Improved Solid Add to work with various combinations of adjacent solids that previously did not fully add<br />
because of the order they were combined.<br />
• Updated Radial Copy of Points/Curves/Surfaces to do either spherical or cylindrical about a vector<br />
• Updated Geometry, Scale, Solid and Modify, Scale, Solid commands to allow scaling in X, Y, and Z directions<br />
instead of using 1 uniform scale factor.<br />
Groups and Layers<br />
• Added option to Group, Operations, Generate Material, Generate Property, and Generate ElemType to create<br />
either one group with all selected entities or multiple groups, one for each selected entity.<br />
Geometry Interfaces<br />
The following <strong>FEMAP</strong> interfaces have been updated to support newer geometry formats:<br />
For details, see “Geometry Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
Analysis Program Interfaces<br />
Several of the analysis program interfaces have been improved. These changes include:<br />
• “<strong>FEMAP</strong> Neutral File Interface” on page 62<br />
• “Nastran Interfaces” on page 62<br />
• “NX Nastran Interface” on page 62<br />
• “MSC/MD Nastran Interface” on page 62<br />
• “NEi Nastran Interface” on page 63<br />
• “ANSYS Interface” on page 63<br />
• “ABAQUS Interface” on page 63<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> Neutral File Interface<br />
• Added Read Groups and Read Views options to File, Import, <strong>FEMAP</strong> Neutral command<br />
Nastran Interfaces<br />
• Added reading CBUSH to ground.<br />
A number of bugs were corrected for all of the Nastran interfaces.<br />
For details, see “Analysis Program Interfaces” in the <strong>FEMAP</strong> User Guide.<br />
NX Nastran Interface<br />
• Added support for the Shell Thickness (OSHT1) output from Solution 601/701<br />
• Added support for Linear Contact in Modal Analysis (SOL 103).<br />
MSC/MD Nastran Interface<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> Interface Latest Supported Version<br />
Parasolid Parasolid 1<strong>9.0</strong><br />
• Added support for reading CTE on rigids<br />
• Added support reading MSC RBAR1 as RBE2 and
NEi Nastran Interface 10.0-63<br />
• Added support reading RIGID=LAGRAN case control commands. Changed a few items specifying MSC.Nastran<br />
to MSC/MD Nastran<br />
NEi Nastran Interface<br />
• The DPHASE entries for frequency response analysis are now generated properly when translating to NEi Nastran<br />
ANSYS Interface<br />
• Added support for reading major Poisson’s ratio PRij from Ansys<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
ABAQUS Interface<br />
Tools<br />
A number of bugs were corrected.<br />
Stress Wizard<br />
• Added the ability to choose an assembly made up of multiple solids for use with the Stress Wizard. The Connect,<br />
Automatic command is run after import with the default values for contact detection and Glued Contact.<br />
m the material library to be applied to those solids.<br />
Note:<br />
In some cases, the default settings for automatically detecting glued contact in an assembly will not be<br />
able to detect all of the required connections between the different parts. In this case, you must exit the<br />
SW, and use other <strong>FEMAP</strong> capabilities located on the Connect menu to create connections between the<br />
various solids in the assembly, where required.<br />
• Added the ability to change the material associated with any desired solids of an assembly in Step 1<br />
In the case of a multi-solid assembly, if the parts do not have any materials assigned to them from the geometry<br />
being imported, the SW will prompt you to choose a single material for all the parts in the assembly. This will<br />
effectively complete “Step 1”.<br />
You can later change the materials of individual parts in an assembly from inside the<br />
SW by clicking the Step 1 button. Once the SW dockable pane has changed to show<br />
the Step 1 options, clicking the Update Material for Solid(s) button will prompt you to<br />
select any desired solids and choose a different material from the material library to<br />
be applied to those solids.<br />
• Added a button to Step 4 which allows the use of the View, Advanced Post, Dynamic Cutting Plane command<br />
OLE/COM API<br />
<strong>New</strong> API Objects and Attributes<br />
• DataTable object to the API<br />
• CoordDialogMethod, VectorDialogMethod, PlaneDialogMethod parameters and zCoordDefinition, zVector-<br />
Definition and zPlaneDefinition<br />
<strong>New</strong> API Methods<br />
• Added CurrentID property to Set object.<br />
• Added GetFromSet and FindMaxMin methods to the Output object.<br />
• Added GetOutputListAtSet, GetScalarAtNodeSet, GetVectorAtNodeSet, GetScalarAtElemSet and GetElem-<br />
WithCornerSet to the Output object
10.0-64<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
• Added GetRowValues() to the DataTable Object<br />
• Added IsEmpty to Set object<br />
• Added MaxNormalDeviation method to the surface object<br />
• Added MapOutputFromModelToLocation() to the MapOutput Object<br />
• Added MaxNormalDeviation method to the surface object<br />
• Added Total Thickness to the Layup object.<br />
• Added AddAllExcept method to the Set object<br />
• Added BoundingBox methods to Curve, Surface and Solid objects<br />
Updated API Methods<br />
• Updated ApiVariantSize( ) to handle variants that were created by the WinWrap Basic Array statement<br />
• Updated ArcCircleInfo method of Curve object to work with Solid curves<br />
• Updated SelectID set method to properly handle case of requesting CSys when no user-defined CSys exist,<br />
even though Global CSys always exist.<br />
Corrected API Methods<br />
• Corrected problem that caused curve object to generate custom mesh sizes unless you explicitly set MeshMax-<br />
Param(0) = 1.0<br />
• Corrected error in NextEmptyID and PrevEmptyID for CSys object - previously could return CSys 1 and 2 as<br />
empty IDs, when they are reserved.<br />
• Corrected bug in API Set Object when adding rule by element topology.<br />
The following functions have been added:<br />
• feSelectOutput method to the application object<br />
• feConnectAuto method for automatic connection generation<br />
• feMeshAttachNodes<br />
• feOutputProcessConvert<br />
• feCoordPickByMethod, feVectorPickByMethod, fePlanePickByMethod<br />
• feFileReadNeutral2( ) API method<br />
• feAppModelContents( ) api method<br />
Preferences<br />
Render<br />
• Added multi-model memory setting for OpenGL<br />
Multi-Model Memory<br />
If this option is on (default) then <strong>FEMAP</strong> will use memory for the active window of each model currently open in<br />
the interface. This improves performance when graphically clicking from one model to another, but uses more of<br />
your machine’s memory. When turned off, only the active view from the model currently active in the <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
interface will be using memory. This will decrease performance when graphically switching between models, but<br />
use less memory. For users with a relatively low amount of memory dealing with very large models, this option<br />
should be turned off.<br />
Note:<br />
This option does not effect performance when clicking between different views of one model.<br />
User Interface<br />
• Updated Layout and Shortcut Key save/load to use XML format (*.LAYOUT file) and allow for options in data<br />
to transfer
Preferences 10.0-65<br />
Database<br />
• The Database Performance portion of this preference has been completely changed to offer better default values<br />
for memory usage<br />
Database Memory Limit<br />
The Database Memory Limit sets the maximum amount of system memory that <strong>FEMAP</strong> will use to hold parts of<br />
your model and results in memory. If your model is larger than the amount of memory that you choose, <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
will automatically read data from your disk as it is needed, replacing data that is not being used. While this “Swapping”<br />
process can slow down overall performance, it does let you work with much larger models than would otherwise<br />
fit into your available memory.<br />
The Database Memory Limit DOES NOT control the total amount of memory that <strong>FEMAP</strong> will be using. <strong>FEMAP</strong><br />
uses memory for many different operations – this is just one of them. Almost every command temporarily uses<br />
some small amount of additional memory. Some commands, like meshing, node merging and reading results can<br />
temporarily use fairly significant amounts of memory. Other operations, like loading large amounts of data into the<br />
Data Table require memory for a longer period of time – in this case as long as the data is in the table. Finally, the<br />
largest use of additional memory, and one which normally persists the entire time you have a model open is for<br />
drawing your model. For optimal performance, <strong>FEMAP</strong> uses OpenGL graphics, and keeps copies of the data to be<br />
drawn in memory at all times. You must always have sufficient free memory available for all of these uses, or the<br />
operations will not be able to execute properly. In the very worst case scenario, running out of memory could cause<br />
<strong>FEMAP</strong> to crash. It is for this reason that the default Database Memory Limit is set fairly low – 20% of the memory<br />
in your computer (The 32-bit version is also restricted by the 2 GByte limit for any program). This does not mean<br />
that you can not increase the limit beyond its default, but the further into the yellow and red zones you push the<br />
slider, you are increasing the chance of running out of memory.<br />
Note:<br />
Changing the Database Memory Limit does not change the amount of memory used for the current session.<br />
For this selection to take effect, you must exit and restart <strong>FEMAP</strong>.<br />
Using the Control<br />
The slider control allows you to choose the amount of memory to use for the database. Move the slider to the left to<br />
reduce the limit, to the right to increase it. As you move the slider, the memory limit is updated and displayed<br />
above the slider.<br />
The colored bar below the slider gives you an indication of the risk<br />
of running out of memory if you use this setting. The yellow and<br />
red regions should be used with caution since there is a good<br />
chance of causing problems with other operations like meshing and<br />
graphics. The small line along the top edge of the green section<br />
indicates the default memory limit. It is simply displayed to make it<br />
easy for you to go back to that limit if you try other settings. The<br />
blue bar along the bottom edge indicates the amount of memory that the database is currently using.<br />
Note: The blue bar in the above figure shows the amount of memory used by a 1,000,000 element model (4-<br />
noded plate elements) on a 32-bit machine with 2 GB of RAM. Most potential problems with exceeding<br />
the 2 GB memory limit only occur with very large models.<br />
With this option, you are simply setting the maximum amount of memory available for the database. If you are<br />
working with a smaller model, <strong>FEMAP</strong> will not use memory that it does not need and the blue bar will not extend<br />
the entire way to the slider setting. If you look at this control with an empty model, or if you have a small model<br />
and a large amount of memory in your system, the blue bar may not be visible – because it is too short to be seen<br />
along the bar.<br />
Max Cached Label<br />
Sets the largest label that <strong>FEMAP</strong> will reserve memory for. This option must be set to a ID higher than any entity in<br />
the model. Default value is 5,000,000.<br />
Blocks/Page<br />
This value sets the “page” size. The optimum setting of this number often depends on the speed of your disk and<br />
controller.
10.0-66<br />
Finite Element Modeling<br />
Note:<br />
The default value of “4” was determined via testing to produce the best performance over a wide range<br />
of values for Database Memory Limit and using the default settings for a number of different types of<br />
disk drives. You may want to try other values from 1 to 15 if you have changed any speed/caching settings<br />
on your drive or have “high-speed” drives to determine if performance is improved.<br />
Interfaces<br />
• Turned preference to always read nonlinear stress/strain from Nastran OFF by default.<br />
Spaceball<br />
• This section outlines the options located on the Spaceball tab of the Preferences dialog box:<br />
The six values in Scale Factors enable you to control the relative sensitivity of each degree of freedom.<br />
For example:<br />
•if rotation about the screen x-<br />
axis is slow, increase the x<br />
rotation scale factor. If you<br />
increase it too much, the<br />
motion in that degree of freedom<br />
will not be smooth.<br />
•if zooming is too fast, reduce<br />
the z translation scale factor. If<br />
you reduce the value too far, it<br />
will take a long time to zoom<br />
in or zoom out in the model<br />
Sometimes, when moving the<br />
spaceball in one degree of<br />
freedom, it is difficult to prevent<br />
motion in another degree<br />
of freedom.<br />
On the 3Dconnexion driver<br />
dialog, you can switch Dominant<br />
Axis on. This suppresses<br />
all motion except the largest. If<br />
this is off, you can effectively<br />
control the same thing with the<br />
Directional Sensitivity slider.<br />
Moving the slider to the right<br />
makes the largest axes dominant<br />
and moving the slider to the left allows all the axes to effect the motion. The default position is in the middle.