The Objective Caml system release 3.06 - The Caml language - Inria

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Contents I An introduction to Objective Caml 9 1 The core language 11 1.1 Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.2 Data types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3 Functions as values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 1.4 Records and variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.5 Imperative features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.6 Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.7 Symbolic processing of expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.8 Pretty-printing and parsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 1.9 Standalone Caml programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2 The module system 25 2.1 Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.2 Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.3 Functors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2.4 Functors and type abstraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.5 Modules and separate compilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3 Objects in Caml 33 3.1 Classes and objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 3.2 Reference to self . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.3 Initializers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 3.4 Virtual methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.5 Private methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.6 Class interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.7 Inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.8 Multiple inheritance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.9 Parameterized classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.10 Polymorphic methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.11 Using coercions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3.12 Functional objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3.13 Cloning objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.14 Recursive classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 3.15 Binary methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 1
Page 1: The Objective Caml system release 3
Page 5 and 6: 3 9 The toplevel system (ocaml) 145
Page 7 and 8: 5 20.9 Module Format : Pretty print
Page 9 and 10: Foreword This manual documents the
Page 11: Part I An introduction to Objective
Page 14 and 15: 12 Recursive functions are defined
Page 16 and 17: 14 # List.map (function n -> n * 2
Page 18 and 19: 16 1.5 Imperative features Though a
Page 20 and 21: 18 1.6 Exceptions Caml provides exc
Page 22 and 23: 20 # | Prod(f, g) -> eval env f *.
Page 24 and 25: 22 a list of keywords and returns a
Page 26 and 27: 24 $ ocamlc -o fib fib.ml $ ./fib 1
Page 28 and 29: 26 # else Node(rprio, relt, left, r
Page 30 and 31: 28 # type element = Elt.t # type se
Page 32 and 33: 30 # module type SET = # sig # type
Page 34 and 35: 32 cal necessity to split the sourc
Page 36 and 37: 34 The evaluation of the body of a
Page 38 and 39: 36 However, the former pattern is g
Page 40 and 41: 38 # end;; class point : int -> obj
Page 42 and 43: 40 3.6 Class interfaces Class inter
Page 44 and 45: 42 3.8 Multiple inheritance Multipl
Page 46 and 47: 44 # end;; class [’a] ref_succ :
Page 48 and 49: 46 # let l = new intlist [1; 2; 3];
Page 50 and 51: 48 int -> object val mutable x : in
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50 # class type c2 = object (’a)
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52 # class virtual c’ = object me
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54 # let p = new point 5;; val p :
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56 method clear : unit method get :
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58 # let min (x : #comparable) y =
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60 representation, while their repr
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62 Labels obey the same rules as ot
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64 Here (test () ()) is already (0,
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66 of functions through functionals
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68 Advanced use Type-checking polym
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70 they also check that you use onl
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72 val mutable balance : Euro.c met
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74 val mutable history : Euro.c ope
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76 a single unit. This unit would b
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78 method copy : ostring method get
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80 # method pop = match l with [] -
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82 5.2.3 Sets Implementing sets lea
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84 # let count = ref 0;; val count
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86 constraint ’a = < identity : i
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Chapter 6 The Objective Caml langua
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Chapter 6. The Objective Caml langu
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Chapter 7 Language extensions This
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Part III The Objective Caml tools 1
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136 • Arguments ending in .cma ar
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138 -I directory Add the given dire
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140 runtime-name, built earlier wit
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142 This error can also appear if a
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144 linked in “custom runtime”
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146 Finally, a phrase can also cons
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148 therefore slightly faster, but
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150 9.4 Common errors This section
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152
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154 10.2 Options The following comm
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156 3. Directories specified at lin
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158
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160 • Arguments ending in .cmx ar
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162 -nolabels Ignore non-optional l
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164 L/l enable/disable warnings for
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166
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168 12.2 Syntax of lexer definition
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170 Lexing.lexeme lexbuf Return the
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172 %right symbol . . . symbol %non
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174 ; | expr TIMES expr { $1 * $3 }
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176
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178 13.2 A typical Makefile Here is
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180
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182 Most options can also be modifi
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184
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186 ocamldoc.sty included in the OC
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188 Type-checking options OCamldoc
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190 Options for generating man file
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192 (******************************
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194 end module M = struct (** The c
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196 class type foo = object (** com
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198 {- item 2} {- item 3}} The list
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200 Note: The new class can inherit
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202
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204 -I directory Add directory to t
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206 function pat1 -> bowtie expr1 |
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208 16.4.5 Killing the program kill
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210 application), and is valid only
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212 16.8.6 Communication between th
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214 In addition, Emacs displays the
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216
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218 For instance, compiling with oc
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220
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222 external input2 : in_channel *
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224 18.1.3 Statically linking C cod
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226 ocamlc -a -o mylib.cma a.cmo b.
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228 18.2.2 Blocks Blocks in the hea
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230 Constructed term Representation
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232 18.4.4 Allocating blocks Simple
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234 Note: some C compilers give bog
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236 initialize(&Field(v, n), w); Ot
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238 value curses_initscr(value unit
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240 If the C code wishes to catch e
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242 the name of the executable file
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244 ocamlc -custom -output-obj -o m
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246 functions input_value or Marsha
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248 deserialization begins! Thus, t
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250 Example Consider a Caml interfa
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Chapter 19 The core library This ch
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Chapter 19. The core library 255 Ex
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Chapter 19. The core library 257 va
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Chapter 19. The core library 259 n
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Chapter 19. The core library 263 Un
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Chapter 19. The core library 265 Ou
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Chapter 19. The core library 271 19
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Chapter 20 The standard library Thi
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Chapter 20. The standard library 27
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Chapter 21 The unix library: Unix s
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Chapter 21. The unix library: Unix
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Chapter 22 The num library: arbitra
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Chapter 22. The num library: arbitr
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Chapter 23 The str library: regular
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Chapter 23. The str library: regula
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Chapter 23. The str library: regula
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Chapter 24 The threads library The
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Chapter 24. The threads library 405
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Chapter 25 The graphics library The
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Chapter 25. The graphics library 41
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Chapter 26 The dbm library: access
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Chapter 27 The dynlink library: dyn
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Chapter 28 The LablTk library: Tcl/
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Chapter 28. The LablTk library: Tcl
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Chapter 29 The bigarray library The
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Chapter 29. The bigarray library 43
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Part V Appendix 451
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454 atan, 260 atan2, 260 at_exit, 2
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456 exp, 259, 283 Failure, 254, 342
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458 int_of_num, 392 int_of_string,
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460 open_out, 266 open_out_bin, 266
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462 rev_map, 316, 340 rev_map2, 316
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464 tcgetattr, 383 tcsendbreak, 384
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466 Index of keywords and, see let,
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The Objective Caml system release 3.06 - The Caml language - Inria

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