The Objective Caml system release 3.06 - The Caml language - Inria

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2 3.16 Friends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4 Labels and variants 61 4.1 Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.2 Polymorphic variants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5 Advanced examples with classes and modules 71 5.1 Extended example: bank accounts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5.2 Simple modules as classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 5.3 The subject/observer pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 II The Objective Caml language 87 6 The Objective Caml language 89 6.1 Lexical conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 6.2 Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 6.3 Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 6.4 Type expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 6.5 Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 6.6 Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 6.7 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 6.8 Type and exception definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 6.9 Classes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 6.10 Module types (module specifications) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 6.11 Module expressions (module implementations) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 6.12 Compilation units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 7 Language extensions 131 7.1 Streams and stream parsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 7.2 Range patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 7.3 Assertion checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 7.4 Deferred computations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 7.5 Local modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 7.6 Grouping in integer and floating-point literals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 III The Objective Caml tools 133 8 Batch compilation (ocamlc) 135 8.1 Overview of the compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 8.2 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 8.3 Modules and the file system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 8.4 Common errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3 9 The toplevel system (ocaml) 145 9.1 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 9.2 Toplevel directives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 9.3 The toplevel and the module system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 9.4 Common errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9.5 Building custom toplevel systems: ocamlmktop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 9.6 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 10 The runtime system (ocamlrun) 153 10.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 10.2 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 10.3 Dynamic loading of shared libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 10.4 Common errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 11 Native-code compilation (ocamlopt) 159 11.1 Overview of the compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 11.2 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 11.3 Common errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 11.4 Compatibility with the bytecode compiler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 12 Lexer and parser generators (ocamllex, ocamlyacc) 167 12.1 Overview of ocamllex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 12.2 Syntax of lexer definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 12.3 Overview of ocamlyacc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 12.4 Syntax of grammar definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 12.5 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 12.6 A complete example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 12.7 Common errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 13 Dependency generator (ocamldep) 177 13.1 Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 13.2 A typical Makefile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 14 The browser/editor (ocamlbrowser) 181 14.1 Invocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 14.2 Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 14.3 Module browsing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 14.4 File editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 14.5 Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 15 The documentation generator (ocamldoc) 185 15.1 Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 15.2 Syntax of documentation comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 15.3 Custom generators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 15.4 Adding command line options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Page 1: The Objective Caml system release 3
Page 6 and 7: 4 16 The debugger (ocamldebug) 203
Page 8 and 9: 6 25 The graphics library 411 25.1
Page 10 and 11: 8 Foreword The present documentatio
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1 The core language This pa
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1. The core language 13 # ;
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1. The core language 15 # l
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1. The core language 17 # a
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1. The core language 19 # l
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1. The core language 21 # |
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1. The core language 23 va
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2 The module system This ch
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2. The module system 27 val
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 2. The module system 29 end
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2. The module system 31 val
Page 35 and 36: Chapter 3 Objects in Caml (Chapter
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 35 The p
Page 39 and 40: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 37 # met
Page 41 and 42: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 39 # end
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 41 3.7 I
Page 45 and 46: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 43 # val
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 45 const
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 47 # cla
Page 51 and 52: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 49 An ob
Page 53 and 54: Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 51 < as_
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Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 53 # cla
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Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 55 metho
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Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 57 # end
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Chapter 3. Objects in Caml 59 # cla
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Chapter 4 Labels and variants (Chap
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Chapter 4. Labels and variants 63 #
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Chapter 4. Labels and variants 65 i
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Chapter 4. Labels and variants 67 4
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Chapter 4. Labels and variants 69 W
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Chapter 5 Advanced examples with cl
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Chapter 5. Advanced examples with c
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Part II The Objective Caml language
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90 Identifiers ident ::= (letter |
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92 Sequences of “operator charact
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94 6.2.5 Variant values Variant val
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96 Name space Values Constructors L
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98 Parenthesized types The type exp
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100 #-types The type # class-path i
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102 Alias patterns The pattern patt
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104 6.7 Expressions expr ::= value-
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106 6.7.1 Basic expressions Constan
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108 function pattern 1 [when cond 1
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110 Loops The expression while expr
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112 6.7.4 Operators Symbols from th
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114 Message sending The expression
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116 The type representation = const
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118 Simple class expressions The ex
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120 The expression ( class-expr : c
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122 polymorphic, the type should be
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124 6.10.1 Simple module types The
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126 An abstract module type specifi
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128 6.11.2 Structures Structures st
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130 Functor application The express
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132 7.4 Deferred computations The e
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Chapter 8 Batch compilation (ocamlc
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Chapter 8. Batch compilation (ocaml
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Chapter 9 The toplevel system (ocam
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Chapter 9. The toplevel system (oca
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Chapter 10 The runtime system (ocam
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Chapter 10. The runtime system (oca
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Chapter 10. The runtime system (oca
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Chapter 11 Native-code compilation
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Chapter 11. Native-code compilation
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Chapter 12 Lexer and parser generat
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Chapter 12. Lexer and parser genera
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Chapter 13 Dependency generator (oc
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Chapter 13. Dependency generator (o
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Chapter 14 The browser/editor (ocam
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Chapter 14. The browser/editor (oca
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Chapter 15 The documentation genera
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Chapter 15. The documentation gener
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Chapter 16 The debugger (ocamldebug
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Chapter 16. The debugger (ocamldebu
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Chapter 17 Profiling (ocamlprof) Th
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Chapter 17. Profiling (ocamlprof) 2
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Chapter 18 Interfacing C with Objec
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Chapter 18. Interfacing C with Obje
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Part IV The Objective Caml library
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254 type float The type of floating
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256 Raise exception Failure with th
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258 Integer addition. val (-) : int
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260 Natural logarithm. val log10 :
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262 The smallest positive float x s
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264 List operations More list opera
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266 | Open_append | Open_creat | Op
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268 set_binary_mode_out oc true set
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270 Operations on large files modul
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272
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274 Data structures: Char p. 281 ch
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276 Call the function with a float
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278 val create_matrix : int -> int
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280 Same as Array.sort[20.2], but t
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282 Return the ASCII code of the ar
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284 Natural logarithm (in base e).
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286 temp_file prefix suffix returns
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288 val print_int : int -> unit Pri
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290 val open_hvbox : int -> unit op
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292 val set_mark_tags : bool -> uni
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294 specific to each pretty-printer
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296 val pp_get_ellipsis_text : form
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298 Same as sprintf above, but inst
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300 • 0x020 Change of GC paramete
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302 type duplicate some immutable v
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304 Hashtbl.find tbl x returns the
Page 308 and 309:
306 type ’a t val create : int ->
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308 Bitwise logical or. val logxor
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310 Multiplication. val div : int64
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312 val to_string : int64 -> string
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314 val from_channel : Pervasives.i
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316 val rev_map : (’a -> ’b) ->
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318 val mem_assoc : ’a -> (’a *
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320 20.18.2 Module type Map.S : Out
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322 If flags does not contain Marsh
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324 Multiplication. val div : nativ
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326 Return the string representatio
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328 fprintf outchan format arg1 ...
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330 The type of queues containing e
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332 val set_state : state -> unit R
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334 val sscanf : string -> (’a, S
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336 Test whether a set is empty or
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338 20.29 Module Sort : Sorting and
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340 val concat : ’a array list ->
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342 val sub : string -> pos:int ->
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344 Return the current count of the
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346 String.contains_from s start c
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348 Signal handling type signal_beh
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350 catch_break governs whether int
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352 val clear : t -> unit Remove al
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354
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356 Argument list too long | EACCES
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358 Operation would block | EINPROG
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360 Access to the process environme
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362 File descriptor for standard st
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364 val ftruncate : file_descr -> i
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366 | W_OK | X_OK | F_OK Write perm
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368 Pipes and redirections val pipe
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370 Polling val select : file_descr
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372 type tm = { tm_sec : int ; } Se
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374 User id, group id val getuid :
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376 | SOCK_RAW Datagram socket Raw
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378 Socket options type socket_bool
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380 High-level network connection f
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382 mutable c_igncr : bool ; Ignore
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384 val tcsendbreak : file_descr ->
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386 MacOS: Under MacOS, the Unix li
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388
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390 Arithmetic operations val (+/)
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392 val lt_num : num -> num -> bool
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394 Multiplication of a big integer
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396 22.3 Module Arith_status : Flag
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398 • + (postfix) matches the pre
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400 global_replace regexp templ s r
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402
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404 All object files on the command
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406 24.2 Module Mutex : Locks for m
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408 val always : ’a -> ’a event
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410 Sockets val socket : Unix.socke
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412 Windows: This library is availa
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414 Point and line drawing val plot
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416 Set the character size used for
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418 | Key_pressed | Mouse_motion |
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420
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422 | Dbm_wronly | Dbm_rdwr | Dbm_c
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424 have access to any of the compi
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426 # #directory "+labltk";; # #loa
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428 type borderMode = [ ‘Ignore |
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430 } type Event related informatio
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432
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434 29.1 Module Bigarray : Large, m
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436 See Bigarray.char[29.1]. val in
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438 Return the generic big array co
Page 442 and 443:
440 Genarray.nth_dim a n returns th
Page 444 and 445:
442 Genarray.slice_right applies on
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444 val blit : (’a, ’b, ’c) t
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446 val blit : (’a, ’b, ’c) t
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448 Extract a one-dimensional slice
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450 } /* Fortran passes all paramet
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 453 Index to t
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 455 conj, 283
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 457 get_format
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 459 match_end,
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 461 pp_print_t
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 463 sigstop, 3
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INDEX TO THE LIBRARY 465 regexp, 39
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