Appendix A - Flora and Fauna Survey - Grange Resources

utilise more open areas such as woodlands, burnt vegetation and pasture if connected to more a suitable
habitat or if there are predator control programs in place.
This species was observed during the survey.
Calyptorhynchus latirostris (Carnaby's Cockatoo) – Endangered EPBC Act and WC Act
Carnabys cockatoo feed on Proteaceous species of plants from coastal heath and shrublands including:
Banksia, Hakea, Grevillea, Allocasuarina, Eucalypts and Pinus plantations.
Strategen (2009) completed a Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo assessment for the mine site. The assessment
sought to evaluate the relative extent and significance of impacts to Carnaby’s Black Cockatoo. The
cockatoo was observed in low numbers and frequency at the mine site location.
Although no individuals or signs of cockatoo feeding were observed along the pipeline alignment there is
suitable feeding habitat present. However, trees within the alignment are too small to support breeding
hollows. Given the linear and fragmented nature of much of the alignment it is anticipated that the
cockatoos may utilise the site as an additional foraging resource.
Falco peregrinus (Peregrine Falcon) – Schedule 4 – WC Act
The Peregrine Falcon prefers areas with rocky ledges, cliffs, watercourses, open woodland or margins
with cleared land. This species requires abundant prey, secure nest sites and lack of human interference
(Johnstone and Storr, 1998). This species occurs along the southern coast and is expected to be a
vagrant visitor to the Study Area. The pipeline alignment and outfall contain rocky coastal areas,
however, no nests were observed.
4.3.4 Introduced Fauna Species
Two introduced species, Vulpes vulpes, Red Fox and Oryctolagus cuniculus, Rabbit, were noted in the
Study Area. These two species are commonly observed and are well documented in the south west of
Western Australia.
4.4 Short Range Endemics (SREs)
Short range endemic (SRE) invertebrates are species with naturally restricted distributions. The isolation
of invertebrates in specific habitats or bioregions leads to endemism at various spatial scales. The vast
majority of invertebrates are capable of dispersing substantial distances at some phase of their life cycle.
Some groups, however, are susceptible to short-range endemism, which describes endemic species with
restricted ranges, which has been arbitrarily defined as less than 10,000 km 2 (100 km x 100 km) (Harvey,
2002). Taxa that have been more commonly found to contain short range endemic representatives
include Onychophorans (velvet worms), Arachnids (mygalomorph spiders, pseudoscorpions, opiliones,
scorpions, schizomids), Myriapods (millipedes and centipedes), Molluscs (land snails), and Insects
(hemipterans, grasshoppers, butterflies).
Many processes contribute to taxa being susceptible to short-range endemism. Generally these factors
are related to isolation of a species which can include the ability and opportunity to disperse, life history,
physiology, habitat requirements, habitat availability. Taxa that exhibit short range endemism generally
exhibit poor dispersal, low growth rates, low fecundity and reliance on habitat types that are
discontinuous (Harvey, 2002). Taxa that reside within easily isolated habitats surrounded by physical
barriers such as islands, mountains, aquifers, lakes and caves are also more susceptible to becoming
short range endemic species often including additional taxa not otherwise generally forming SRE’s.
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