2009 Vol 99.pdf (2.45mb) - Primate Society of Great Britain

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18 reveal the evolvability of personality and subjective well-being in orangutans, we estimated trait heritability simultaneously with a multivariate animal model using Markov chain Monte Carlo. Heritability point estimates for the five personality traits ranged from 0.20 for Extraversion to .43 for Intellect. The heritability of subjective well-being was 0.56. Consistent with findings on humans and chimpanzees, orangutan happiness was genetically correlated with Extraversion (r A =0.54), Dominance (r A =0.52), and Neuroticism (r A =-0.70). Thus, it is possible for genetic differences in well-being to be maintained by correlated responses to selection for personality. These findings suggest the importance of accounting for individual differences in primate personality when assessing the fitness consequences of stress response. Keywords: Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo abelii, heritability, quantitative genetics 2 nd December PLENARY LECTURE PRIMATE CONSERVATION: SYNERGY AMONG STRESS, NUTRITION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AND DISEASE Colin Chapman Department of Anthropology and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Presenter email: colin.chapman@mcgill.ca Tropical countries, many of which harbour primate populations, are losing approximately 12.5 million ha of forest annually; these forests are also being degraded by logging and forest fires, which are not considered “deforestation”. In addition to loss of forest habitat primate populations continue to suffer high levels of commercial and subsistence hunting. Thus, the future for primates looks grim without even considering the largely unknown impacts of global climate change and newly emerging infectious diseases, like Ebola. In this talk, we synthesize 26 to 36 years of population and habitat data to determine the potential causes of group density changes for five species of primates in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We focus both on areas within the park that were disturbed in the late 1960s and on forest fragments that lie outside the protected area. Within the national park, mangabey and black-and-white colobus group density increased, blue monkeys declined, while redtails and red colobus were stable in all forest areas. For blue monkeys and mangabeys, there were no significant changes in food availability over time that could account for changes in their group density. For redtails, neither group density nor food availability changed over time. For black-and-white colobus, a decrease in food availability over time in the unlogged forest surprisingly coincided with an increase in group
19 density. Finally, while red colobus food availability and quality increased over time in the heavily logged area, their group density was stable in all areas. In general, all forest fragment populations declined, and this seemed to be a result of a synergy among stress, nutritional, and disease. Analyses of data on disease and cortisol levels suggests that disease levels are increasing as would be predicted based on climate change in the region, and increasing contact with humans that fosters disease transmission. We suggest that these populations are generally in non-equilibrium states. Thus, large protected areas will be required to ensure that declines in some areas are compensated by increases in areas with different histories. INVITED LECTURE THE COMMON MARMOSET: SPECIES-TYPICAL STRESS AND STRESS EXPERIMENTS TO UNDERSTAND HUMAN DISORDERS Christopher Pryce Preclinical Laboratory, University Psychiatric Clinic, University of Zurich, Switzerland Presenter email: christopher.pryce@bli.uzh.ch Based on over 50 years of study by field and laboratory scientists, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a primate species for which there is sufficient scientific knowledge to maintain captive groups in speciesappropriate, i.e., stress-minimizing environments. Only because of this is it possible to have the control conditions against which to study the stress biology of the common marmoset, both in its own right and to provide insights into human stress-related disorders, their mechanisms and treatment. This talk will review studies by my colleagues and me on this species and these subjects. As neonates, common marmosets exhibit high blood basal levels of stress hormones (ACTH, cortisol), and these decline gradually across maturation. Marmoset infants, like human infants, are already able to exhibit stress hormone increases in response to social and physical stressors. Marmoset urinary cortisol titres are positively correlated with blood and CSF cortisol titres, so that urinary cortisol provides a meaningful biomarker for bioactive cortisol availability, both under basal and stress conditions. In stable, intact family groups of marmosets, social stress is minimal. In adult twin sister pairs separated from their parents, agonistic behaviour is rare in the absence of an unrelated male but typical in the presence of an unrelated male. Subordinate sisters either suppress ovulation and avoid aggression or are attacked and ovulation is suppressed: the reduced oestrogen levels of such anovulatory females are associated with reduced cortisol, which therefore does not serve as a stress marker under these social/reproductive conditions. Common marmosets exposed prenatally to high corticoid levels, to model the treatment used in at-risk human premature births, exhibit increased feeding, reduced social play and
Page 1 and 2: Primate Society of Great Britain No
Page 3 and 4: 1 EDITORIAL I have a confession to
Page 5 and 6: 3 REPORT: PSGB SPRING MEETING 2009
Page 7 and 8: 5 The meeting also included a new v
Page 9 and 10: 7 Tessa Smith Department of Biologi
Page 11 and 12: 9 2 nd December 2009 08:30 Registra
Page 13 and 14: 11 not in monkeys reared by their m
Page 15 and 16: 13 THE EFFECT OF WEANING STRESS ON
Page 17 and 18: 15 animal dimensions. We also show
Page 19: 17 STRESS AND ATTENTIONAL BIAS IN R
Page 23 and 24: 21 than in Ethiopia. Females exhibi
Page 25 and 26: 23 controlling for a series of fact
Page 27 and 28: 25 other activities, as expected if
Page 29 and 30: 27 LINEAR ENAMEL HYPOPLASIAS IN BAB
Page 31 and 32: 29 collection will (i) allow for th
Page 33 and 34: 31 SOFTLY, SOFTLY, CATCHY MONKEYS Y
Page 35 and 36: 33 REGISTRATION FORM FOR THE WINTER
Page 37 and 38: 35 Primate Society of Great Britain
Page 39 and 40: 37 BOOK REVIEWS SPIDER MONKEYS: BEH
Page 41 and 42: 39 dimorphisms in primates. The fra
Page 43 and 44: 41 BOOKS OF INTEREST BLOOD WOOD Pen
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2009 Vol 99.pdf (2.45mb) - Primate Society of Great Britain

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