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test showed that the total mean language ages of the AVT (M = 3.58 years;
SD = 1.46) and TH groups (M = 3.5 years; SD = 1.52) were comparable
( z = –0.307; p = 0.759). Similarly, there were no significant differences
( z = –0.197; p = 0.844) for mean receptive vocabulary ages at pretest on
the PPVT-3 between the AVT (M = 3.06 years; SD = 1.56) and TH groups
(M = 2.97 years; SD = 1.46). Overall, both groups were found to be matched for
total language age and receptive vocabulary at the pretest.
Speech and Language
Table 3 displays the pre- and posttest mean age equivalents, standard deviations,
z and p values for total language, receptive vocabulary, and speech for
the 19 children in the AVT and TH groups at pretest and at the 50 months
posttest.
For total language age assessed using the PLS-4 or CELF-3, both groups
made significant progress over 50 months and the change in scores over this
period of time was not significantly different between the groups. Further
comparisons of receptive and expressive language results were made using
standard scores on the CELF-3 as age equivalence is not calculated on this
assessment. For receptive language, no significant changes in standard scores
were found from pretest to posttest for each group because standard scores
Table 3. Pre- and posttest mean age equivalents, standard deviations
(in parentheses), and z and p values for total language, receptive vocabulary, and
speech for 19 children in the AVT and TH groups at pretest and at 50 months posttest
Test
Group
Pretest Mean
Age Equivalent
(months) (SD)
Posttest Mean
Age Equivalent
(months) (SD) z p
PLS-4/CELF-3 AVT 42.95 (17.59) 94.26 (34.60) –3.824