Development of Deep Aquifer Database and Preliminary Deep ...
Development of Deep Aquifer Database and Preliminary Deep ...
Development of Deep Aquifer Database and Preliminary Deep ...
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<strong>Development</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Aquifer</strong> <strong>Database</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>Preliminary</strong> <strong>Deep</strong> <strong>Aquifer</strong> Mapping<br />
♦ Hydrostratigraphic approach<br />
♦ Scale factors:<br />
– Upazila scale<br />
– District scale<br />
– Regional scale<br />
– National scale<br />
♦ Mapping outputs<br />
– Location map <strong>of</strong> borelogs<br />
– Hydrostratigraphic cross sections<br />
– Fence diagrams<br />
– Aquitard/<strong>Aquifer</strong> Models<br />
– Hydrostratigraphic Models
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Data Coverage in Southern Bangladesh
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Hydrostratigraphy <strong>of</strong> the Kushtia-Jessore-Khulna Region<br />
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Khulna Region Fence Diagram
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Khulna Region Hydrostratigraphic Model
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Depth to the Aquitard 2 in the Southern Region
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Thickness <strong>of</strong> the Aquitard
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Hydrogeological setting <strong>of</strong> Bangladesh: Major Regions<br />
89 90 91 92<br />
26<br />
Zone I<br />
26<br />
INDIA<br />
25<br />
Zone III<br />
Zone IV<br />
25<br />
24<br />
23<br />
INDIA<br />
(W e s t B e n g a l)<br />
Zone III<br />
A<br />
Zone II<br />
Zone V<br />
INDIA<br />
B<br />
Zone VI<br />
24<br />
23<br />
22<br />
22<br />
B a y o f B e n g a l<br />
21<br />
21<br />
89 90 91 92
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Hydrogeological setting <strong>of</strong> Bangladesh: <strong>Aquifer</strong> System<br />
UNDP,<br />
1982<br />
BGS<br />
DPHE,<br />
2001<br />
&<br />
Aggarwal<br />
et al.,<br />
2001<br />
JICA,<br />
2002<br />
GOB, 2002<br />
Arsenic status<br />
Compos<br />
ite<br />
aquifer<br />
Upper<br />
shallow<br />
aquifer<br />
1 st aquifer Shallow<br />
aquifer<br />
(1 st<br />
aquifer)<br />
Upper<br />
Holocene<br />
aquifer<br />
Shallowest part<br />
uncontaminated; lower<br />
part contaminated<br />
Middle<br />
Holocene<br />
aquifer<br />
Most severely<br />
contaminated, peak<br />
arsenic concentrations<br />
occur here<br />
Main<br />
aquifer<br />
Lower<br />
shallow<br />
aquifer<br />
2 nd<br />
aquifer<br />
Middle<br />
aquifer<br />
(2 nd<br />
aquifer)<br />
Lower<br />
Holocene<br />
aquifer<br />
Least contaminated<br />
<strong>Deep</strong><br />
aquifer<br />
<strong>Deep</strong><br />
aquifer<br />
3 rd aquifer <strong>Deep</strong><br />
aquifer<br />
(3 rd<br />
aquifer)<br />
Plio-<br />
Pleistocen<br />
e aquifer<br />
Uncontaminated
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Groundwater Modeling <strong>of</strong> the Bengal<br />
Delta<br />
Holly Michael <strong>and</strong> Clifford Voss<br />
U.S. Geological Survey<br />
Groups from Bangladesh: DU/BUET, DPHE, BWDB<br />
Group from West Bengal: SSCBM, Kolkata, West Bengal<br />
One Regional Model<br />
Three Sub-regional Model in Bangladesh (Dhaka city, SW, SE)<br />
Two Sub-regional Model in West Bengal
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Towards Groundwater Management:<br />
Sustainability <strong>of</strong> As-free water supply?<br />
Apply Calibrated Model to<br />
evaluate alternative pumping schemes<br />
– Criteria<br />
• location <strong>of</strong> recharge (arsenic-free area?)<br />
• travel time (if from arsenic area)<br />
– 3 Pumping schemes<br />
• All Shallow (actual state)<br />
• All <strong>Deep</strong> (current management direction)<br />
• Shallow Irrigation Pumping, <strong>Deep</strong> Domestic Pumping
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Shallow pumping everywhere current state<br />
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head (m)<br />
Wells screened at 20-60m depth
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<strong>Deep</strong> pumping In high-As risk areas<br />
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head (m)<br />
Wells screened at ~230-270m depth
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Shallow irrigation pumping<br />
<strong>Deep</strong> domestic pumping in high-As risk areas<br />
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head (m)
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Conclusions<br />
♦ Management <strong>of</strong> arsenic rich groundwater is a big challenge<br />
for Bangladesh;<br />
♦ Groundwater has been the major source <strong>of</strong> safe drinking<br />
water <strong>and</strong> irrigation; would remain so in the coming years;<br />
♦ Proper groundwater management is needed along with<br />
national water quality monitoring <strong>and</strong> surveillance;<br />
♦ Concepts <strong>of</strong> safe drinking water rather than arsenic safe<br />
drinking water has to be adopted;<br />
♦ While introducing a new source,care should be taken to avoid<br />
possible risk substitution;<br />
♦ Arsenic mitigation should be made part <strong>of</strong> the overall water<br />
resources management;<br />
♦ Capacity building at local, regional <strong>and</strong> national scale.
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Acknowledgements<br />
♦ Colleagues <strong>and</strong> Students at the Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Dhaka<br />
♦ Organizations in Bangladesh such as DPHE,<br />
BWDB<br />
♦ Research Collaborators from:<br />
– LDEO, CU<br />
– USGS<br />
– UCL (UK)<br />
– KTH (Sweden)
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Dhanyabad<br />
Thank You All
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