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GEOGRAPHICAL–POLITICAL UNITS<br />
SOCIAL HISTORY AND POLITICS<br />
RELIGION<br />
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE<br />
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION, ECONOMICS,<br />
AND THE PROFESSIONS<br />
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA<br />
VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS<br />
EVERYDAY LIFE<br />
HISTORY OF STUDY<br />
Countries<br />
Regions<br />
Cities and Towns<br />
Cultural and His<strong>to</strong>rical Terms<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Political Movements and Parties<br />
Intergroup Relations<br />
Events and Episodes<br />
Holocaust<br />
Biographies<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Rabbinic Culture<br />
Religious Movements and Trends<br />
Supporting Articles<br />
Forms and Norms of Devotion<br />
Religious Literature and Homiletics<br />
Religious Institutions and Figures<br />
Hasidic Dynasties<br />
Messianic Movements<br />
Biographies<br />
Rabbinic Culture<br />
Hasidism<br />
Messianism<br />
Karaites<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Literary Genres<br />
Literary Circles<br />
Literary Themes<br />
Linguistics<br />
Periodicals<br />
Biographies<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Organizations<br />
Economics<br />
Education<br />
Laws and Legislation<br />
Biographies<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Printing and Publishing<br />
Newspapers and Periodicals<br />
Biographies<br />
Principal Articles, Visual Arts<br />
Principal Articles, Per<strong>for</strong>ming Arts<br />
Supporting Articles, Visual Arts<br />
Supporting Articles, Per<strong>for</strong>ming Arts<br />
Music<br />
Theater<br />
Biographies, Visual Arts<br />
Biographies, Per<strong>for</strong>ming Arts<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Life Cycle and Popular Religion<br />
Popular Culture<br />
Biographies<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Supporting Articles<br />
Biographies<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE<br />
OF CONTENTS<br />
The <strong>outline</strong> presented on <strong>the</strong> following<br />
pages is intended <strong>to</strong> provide a general<br />
<strong>view</strong> of <strong>the</strong> conceptual scheme of this<br />
encyclopedia. Entries are arranged in<br />
<strong>the</strong> conceptual categories listed at left.<br />
Because <strong>the</strong> headings <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong>se<br />
categories are not necessarily mutually<br />
exclusive, some entries in <strong>the</strong><br />
encyclopedia are listed more than once.<br />
In particular, a city or <strong>to</strong>wn may be<br />
listed below a country or region <strong>to</strong><br />
which it <strong>for</strong>merly belonged, but will use<br />
its current name; <strong>for</strong> example, Bratislava<br />
ra<strong>the</strong>r than Pozsony under “Hungary,”<br />
and Volodymyr Volyns’kyi ra<strong>the</strong>r than<br />
WËodzímierz under “Poland.”<br />
2169
GEOGRAPHICAL–POLITICAL UNITS<br />
Countries<br />
Belarus<br />
Bohemia and Moravia<br />
Czech Republic<br />
Czechoslovakia<br />
Es<strong>to</strong>nia<br />
Finland<br />
Hungary<br />
Hungary be<strong>for</strong>e 1918<br />
Hungary from 1918 <strong>to</strong> 1945<br />
Hungary since 1945<br />
Khazaria<br />
Latvia<br />
Lithuania<br />
Moldova. See Bessarabia; Moldavia;<br />
Romania; Russia; and Union of Soviet<br />
Socialist Republics.<br />
Poland<br />
Poland be<strong>for</strong>e 1795<br />
Poland from 1795 <strong>to</strong> 1939<br />
Poland since 1939<br />
Romania<br />
Russia<br />
Russian Empire<br />
Russian Federation<br />
Russian Soviet Federated Socialist<br />
Republic<br />
Slovakia<br />
Ukraine<br />
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics<br />
Regions<br />
Banat<br />
Bessarabia<br />
Birobidzhan<br />
Bucovina<br />
Burgenland<br />
Courland<br />
Crimea<br />
East Prussia<br />
Galicia<br />
Moldavia<br />
Silesia<br />
Subcarpathian Rus’<br />
Transylvania<br />
Transnistria<br />
Walachia<br />
Cities and Towns<br />
Baltic States<br />
Daugavpils<br />
Jelgava<br />
Kaunas<br />
KlaipBda<br />
LiepÁja<br />
PanevBÝys<br />
Riga<br />
Šiauliai<br />
SuwaËki<br />
Tallinn<br />
Tartu<br />
Trakai<br />
Vilnius<br />
Ventspils<br />
Czech Lands and Slovakia<br />
Boskovice<br />
Bratislava<br />
Brno<br />
Jihlava<br />
Karlovy Vary<br />
Kolín<br />
Košice<br />
Mikulov<br />
Mladá Boleslav<br />
Mukacheve<br />
Ostrava<br />
Prague<br />
Prostõjov<br />
Terezín<br />
Uherský Brod<br />
Uzhhorod<br />
Hungary<br />
Bratislava<br />
Budapest<br />
Debrecen<br />
Eisenstadt<br />
Košice<br />
Miskolc<br />
Mukacheve<br />
Oradea<br />
Pápa<br />
Sá<strong>to</strong>raljaújhely<br />
Satu Mare<br />
Timiãoara<br />
Uzhhorod<br />
Poland<br />
B×dzin<br />
Berezhany<br />
BiaËa<br />
BiaËys<strong>to</strong>k<br />
Bielsko<br />
Braásk<br />
Brest<br />
Brody<br />
Buchach<br />
CheËm<br />
Drogobych<br />
Dubno<br />
Gdaásk<br />
Gniezno<br />
Hrodna<br />
Ivano-Frankivs’k<br />
Jedwabne<br />
Kalisz<br />
Kam’ianets’-Podil’s’kyi<br />
Ka<strong>to</strong>wice<br />
Kielce<br />
Kolomyia<br />
Konin<br />
Kraków<br />
Kraków be<strong>for</strong>e 1795<br />
Kraków after 1795<br />
Leszno<br />
LeÛajsk<br />
Êódß<br />
ÊomÛa<br />
Lublin<br />
Lublin be<strong>for</strong>e 1795<br />
Lublin after 1795<br />
Luts’k<br />
Medzhibizh<br />
Mezhyrichi<br />
Nemyriv<br />
Opatów<br />
Ostrog<br />
Pinsk<br />
Piotrków<br />
Poznaá<br />
PrzemyÓl<br />
Radom<br />
Rivne<br />
Rzeszów<br />
Sandomierz<br />
Shklov<br />
Slutsk<br />
Tarnów<br />
Tykocin<br />
Vilnius<br />
Volodymyr Volyns’kyi<br />
Warsaw<br />
WËocËawek<br />
WrocËaw<br />
ZabËudów<br />
ZamoÓñ<br />
ZbÙszyá<br />
Zhovkva<br />
Romania<br />
Alba Iulia<br />
Arad<br />
Bacçu<br />
Baia Mare<br />
Bçlíi<br />
Bârlad<br />
Borãa<br />
Bo<strong>to</strong>ãani<br />
Brçila<br />
Braãov<br />
Bucharest<br />
Buhuãi<br />
Câmpulung Moldovenesc<br />
Chernivtsi<br />
Cluj<br />
Constanía<br />
Craiova<br />
Dej<br />
Dorohoi<br />
Fçgçraã<br />
Focãani<br />
Galaíi<br />
Gertsa<br />
Hârlçu<br />
Iaãi<br />
Lugoj<br />
Mihçileni<br />
Moineãti<br />
Nçsçud<br />
Paãcani<br />
Piatra Neamí<br />
2170 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
Ploieãti<br />
Rçdçuíi<br />
Reghin<br />
Roman<br />
Salonta<br />
Seini<br />
Sibiu<br />
Sighet Marmaíiei<br />
Siret<br />
Soroca<br />
Suceava<br />
Târgu Frumos<br />
Târgu Mureã<br />
Târgu Neamí<br />
Tighina<br />
Timiãoara<br />
Turda<br />
Vaslui<br />
Vatra Dornei<br />
Russian Empire, USSR, and FSU<br />
Berdychiv<br />
Bobruisk<br />
Brest<br />
Buchach<br />
Chernivtsi<br />
Dnipropetrovs’k<br />
Donets’k<br />
Drogobych<br />
Homel’<br />
Ivano-Frankivs’k<br />
Kaliningrad<br />
Kam’ianets’-Podil’s’kyi<br />
Khar’kiv<br />
Kiev<br />
Kishinev<br />
Kolomyia<br />
Luts’k<br />
L’viv<br />
Medzhibizh<br />
Mezhyrichi<br />
Minsk<br />
Moscow<br />
Mukacheve<br />
Nemyriv<br />
Odessa<br />
Rivne<br />
Ros<strong>to</strong>v-on-Don<br />
Saint Petersburg<br />
Shklov<br />
Slutsk<br />
Ternopil’<br />
Uman<br />
Uzhhorod<br />
Vilnius<br />
Vitsyebsk<br />
Volodymyr Volyns’kyi<br />
Zhovkva<br />
Zhy<strong>to</strong>myr<br />
Cultural and His<strong>to</strong>rical Terms<br />
Ashkenaz<br />
Krymchaks<br />
Pale of Settlement<br />
Sephardim<br />
SOCIAL HISTORY AND POLITICS<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Antisemitic Parties and Movements<br />
Assimilation<br />
Haskalah<br />
Holocaust<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Parties and Ideologies<br />
Population and Migration<br />
Population and Migration be<strong>for</strong>e World<br />
War I<br />
Population since World War I<br />
Migration since World War I<br />
Relations between Jews and Non-Jews<br />
His<strong>to</strong>rical Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Youth Movements<br />
Zionism and Zionist Parties<br />
Political Movements and<br />
Parties<br />
Agudas Akhim<br />
Agudas Yisroel<br />
Akiva<br />
Anti-Zionist Committee of <strong>the</strong> Soviet<br />
Public<br />
Bar Kochba Association<br />
BeriÕah<br />
Betar<br />
Bin<br />
Bund<br />
Commissariat <strong>for</strong> <strong>Jewish</strong> National Affairs<br />
Communism<br />
Communist Party of <strong>the</strong> Soviet Union<br />
Dror<br />
Evsektsiia<br />
Fareynikte<br />
Folkists<br />
Frayland-lige<br />
General Zionists<br />
Gordonia<br />
Ôaluts, He-<br />
Ôibat Tsiyon<br />
Hit’aÕadut<br />
Komfarband<br />
Makhzikey ha-Das<br />
Mikra Kodesh<br />
MizraÕi<br />
Po‘ale Tsiyon<br />
Refuseniks<br />
Revisionist Zionists<br />
Shomer Ha-Tsa‘ir, Ha-<br />
Shomer Yisra’el<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Settlement of <strong>Jewish</strong><br />
Toilers on <strong>the</strong> Land<br />
Tse‘ire MizraÕi<br />
Tseirey Agudas Yisroel<br />
Tsukunft<br />
Yugnt<br />
Üidovská Strana<br />
Zjednoczenie<br />
Úydowska Partia Socjalno-<br />
Demokratyczna<br />
Intergroup Relations<br />
Anticosmopolitan Campaign<br />
Blood Libels and Host Desecration<br />
Accusations<br />
Conversion<br />
Familiants Laws<br />
In<strong>for</strong>mers<br />
Judaizers<br />
Military Service in Russia<br />
Pogroms<br />
Reception, Law of<br />
Righteous Gentiles<br />
Shtadlan<br />
Events and Episodes<br />
BeriÕah<br />
Doc<strong>to</strong>rs’ Plot<br />
Economic Trials<br />
Gzeyres Takh Vetat<br />
Hilsner Affair<br />
Jackson-Vanik Amendment<br />
<strong>Jewish</strong> Congress<br />
Minorities Treaties<br />
Przytyk Pogrom<br />
Russian Civil War<br />
Russian Revolution of 1905<br />
Russian Revolutions of 1917<br />
Slánský Trial<br />
Tiszaeszlár Blood Libel<br />
World War I<br />
Holocaust<br />
Aktion Reinhard<br />
Armed Resistance<br />
Auschwitz Pro<strong>to</strong>cols<br />
Babi Yar<br />
Black Book<br />
Einsatzgruppen<br />
Ghet<strong>to</strong>s<br />
Establishment of Ghet<strong>to</strong>s<br />
Life in Ghet<strong>to</strong>s<br />
Ghet<strong>to</strong> Police<br />
Honor Courts<br />
Holocaust<br />
Restitution, Reparation, and<br />
Indemnification<br />
<strong>Jewish</strong> Anti-Fascist Committee<br />
Judenräte and O<strong>the</strong>r Representative<br />
Bodies<br />
Killing Centers<br />
Labor Camps<br />
Yizker-bikher<br />
Biographies<br />
Baltic States<br />
Brutskus, Iulii<br />
Disenchik, Aryeh<br />
Dubin, Mordekhai<br />
Eisenstadt, Hirsch<br />
Kahaneman, Yosef Shelomoh<br />
Katz, PinÕas<br />
Lekert, Hirsh<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS 2171
Mincs, Pauls<br />
Rabinovich, YitsÕak Ya‘acov<br />
Rachmilewitz, NaÕman<br />
Robinson, Jacob<br />
Rosenboim, Shimshon<br />
Solieli, MenaÕem<br />
Czech Lands<br />
Abeles, Shim‘on<br />
Bassevi of Treuenberg, Ya‘akov<br />
Beer, Peter<br />
Bergmann, Hugo<br />
Bondy, Bohumil<br />
Edelstein, Jakob<br />
Feder, Richard<br />
Fleischmann, Gisela<br />
Friesenhausen, David<br />
Fuchs, Alfred<br />
Goldstein, Angelo<br />
Goldstücker, Eduard<br />
Heller, Isidor<br />
Herrmann, Hugo<br />
Herrmann, Leo<br />
Kohn, Hans<br />
Kohn, Jind÷ich<br />
Kugel, Ôayim<br />
Kuh, David<br />
Landau, Mosheh Yisra’el<br />
Landau, Yisra’el<br />
Lederer, Eduard<br />
Margulies, Emil<br />
Neustadt, Adolf<br />
Rabinowicz, Oskar K.<br />
Sicher, Gustav<br />
Singer, Ludvík<br />
Stein, August<br />
Vohryzek, Vik<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Weidmann, František<br />
Weissmandel, Mikha’el Dov Ber<br />
Weltsch, Felix<br />
Weltsch, Robert<br />
Winter, Lev<br />
Galicia<br />
Birnbaum, Nathan<br />
Bloch, Yosef Shemu’el<br />
Homberg, Herz<br />
Lippe, Karpel<br />
Rapoport, Shelomoh Yehudah<br />
Hungary<br />
Aczél, György<br />
Ballagi, Mór<br />
Beregi, Ármin<br />
Bettelheim, Sámuel<br />
Chorin, Ferenc<br />
Einhorn, Ignác<br />
Falk, Miksa<br />
Fenyë, Miksa<br />
Frankel, Leó<br />
Gerë, Katalin<br />
Hazai, Samu<br />
Holländer, Leó<br />
Jászi, Oszkár<br />
Kasztner, Rezsë<br />
Komoly, Ottó<br />
Kun, Béla<br />
Kunfi, Zsigmond<br />
Lánczy, Leó<br />
Löw, Immánuel<br />
Lukács, György<br />
Mezei, Ernë<br />
Mezei, Mór<br />
Na<strong>to</strong>nek, Yosef<br />
Rákosi, Mátyás<br />
Rosenthal Family<br />
Sándor, Pál<br />
Schwimmer, Rózsika<br />
Stern, Samu<br />
Szabó, Ervin<br />
Szabolcsi, Lajos<br />
Tencer, Pál<br />
Theben, Koppel<br />
Vámbéry, Ármin<br />
Varga, Evgenii Samuilovich<br />
Vázsonyi, Vilmos<br />
Wahrmann, Mór<br />
Wodianer Family<br />
Poland–Lithuania be<strong>for</strong>e 1795<br />
Barukh ben David Yavan<br />
Ber of Bolechów<br />
Calmanson, Jacques<br />
Hannover, Natan Note<br />
Hirszowicz, Abraham<br />
Hourwitz, Zalkind<br />
IbrÁhÅm ibn Ya‘qÉb<br />
Joselewicz, Berek<br />
Maimon, Salomon<br />
Reizes Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Weigel, Katarzyna<br />
Poland since 1795<br />
Adalberg, Samuel<br />
Alter, Wik<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Anielewicz, Mordekhai<br />
Askenazy, Szymon<br />
Barash, Efrayim<br />
Berkowicz, Yosef<br />
Berman, Adolf Abraham<br />
Braude, Markus<br />
Brodt, Shemu’el<br />
Czerniaków, Adam<br />
Diamand, Herman<br />
Dickstein, Szymon<br />
Drobner, BolesËaw<br />
Erlich, Henryk<br />
Erter, YitsÕak<br />
Farbstein, Yehoshu‘a Heshel<br />
Finkelshteyn, Leo<br />
Frydman, Aleksander Zysha<br />
Grosser, BronisËaw<br />
Grünbaum, YitsÕak<br />
Gumplowicz Family<br />
Hartglas, Apolinary<br />
Hausner, Bernard Dov<br />
Heryng, Helena<br />
Heryng, Zygmunt<br />
Hirschhorn, Samuel<br />
Horwitz, Maksymilian<br />
Horwitz-Kancewiczowa, Kamila<br />
Jastrow, Markus<br />
Jaszuáski, Józef<br />
Kazdan, Khayim Shloyme<br />
Kohn, Hans<br />
Kon, Feliks<br />
Klaczko, Julian<br />
Kleinbaum, Moyshe<br />
Landau, Leib<br />
Latzky-Bertholdi, Ya‘akov Ze’ev<br />
Lewin Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Lewite, Leon<br />
Lieberman, Hermann<br />
Lubliner, Ludwik<br />
Luxemburg, Rosa<br />
Meisel, Maurycy<br />
Melcer, RóÛa<br />
Mendelson, StanisËaw<br />
Merin, Mosheh<br />
Mieses, Józef<br />
Mincberg, Leib<br />
Neufeld, Daniel<br />
Nissenbaum, YitsÕak<br />
Nossig, Alfred<br />
Nussbaum, Hilary<br />
Perl, Feliks<br />
Perlmutter, Avraham Tsevi<br />
PryËucki, Noah<br />
PryËucki, Tsevi<br />
Rakovsky, Puah<br />
Reich, Leon<br />
Rubinstein, YitsÕak<br />
Rumkowski, Khayim Mordkhe<br />
Sachs, Feliks<br />
Schiper, Ignacy<br />
Schwarzbart, Ignacy<br />
Shapira, Me’ir<br />
Sokolow, NaÕum<br />
Sommerstein, Emil<br />
Tamares, Aharon Shemu’el<br />
Thon, Ozjasz<br />
Trokenheim, Ya‘akov<br />
Tugendhold, Jakub<br />
Warski, Adolf<br />
Weinzieher, Salomon<br />
Weizmann, Chaim<br />
WiÓlicki, WacËaw<br />
Wygodzki, Jakub<br />
Zuckerman, YitsÕak<br />
Zygielbojm, Shmuel Mordkhe<br />
Romania<br />
Brociner Family<br />
Carp, Horia<br />
Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Constantin<br />
Ebner, Mayer<br />
Filderman, Wilhelm<br />
Ghelerter, Litman<br />
Lavi, Theodor<br />
Lippe, Karpel<br />
Pauker, Ana<br />
2172 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
Pineles, Samuel<br />
Schwarzfeld Family<br />
Schwefelberg, Arnold<br />
Stern, Adolphe<br />
Wexler, Max<br />
Zirelson, Yehudah Leib<br />
Zissu, Abraham Leib<br />
Russian Empire<br />
Beilis, Mendel<br />
Ben-Adir<br />
Brafman, Iakov Aleksandrovich<br />
Fuenn, Shemu’el Yosef<br />
Gershuni, Grigorii Andreevich<br />
Gessen, Iulii Isidorovich<br />
Gordon, Aharon David<br />
Gozhansky, Shmul<br />
Gruzenberg, Oskar Osipovich<br />
Jabotinsky, Vladimir<br />
Kaplan, Fannie Efimovna<br />
Katzenellenbogen, Tsevi Hirsh<br />
Khvol’son, Daniil Avraamovich<br />
Kossovskii, Vladimir<br />
Kremer, Arkadii<br />
Levinzon, YitsÕak Ber<br />
Lifshits, Khaye Malke<br />
Litvak, A.<br />
Mar<strong>to</strong>v, L.<br />
Medem, Vladimir Davidovich<br />
Menasheh of Ilya<br />
Mill, John<br />
Notkin, Nota Khaimovich<br />
Pines, YeÕi’el Mikha’el<br />
Pinsker, SimÕah<br />
Portnoy, Yekusiel<br />
Rülf, Isaak<br />
Schick, Barukh ben Ya‘akov<br />
Strashun, Shemu’el and Matityahu<br />
Tchernowitz, Ôayim<br />
Trumpeldor, Yosef<br />
Vinaver, Maksim Moiseevich<br />
Wissotzky, Kalonymus Ze’ev<br />
Wunderbar, Re’uven Yosef<br />
USSR and FSU<br />
Abramovich, Rafail<br />
Agurskii, Samuil Khaimovich<br />
Bragin, Abram Grigor’evich<br />
Chemeriskii, Aleksandr<br />
Dimanshtein, Semen Markovich<br />
Dragunskii, David Abramovich<br />
Dymshits, Veniamin Emmanuilovich<br />
Gamarnik, Ian Borisovich<br />
Gens, Jakub<br />
Gershenzon, Mikhail Osipovich<br />
Iagoda, Genrikh Grigor’evich<br />
Iakir, Iona Emmanuilovich<br />
Kaganovich, Lazar’ Moiseevich<br />
Kamenev, Iurii<br />
Kovner, Abba<br />
Kreizer, Iakov Grigor’evich<br />
Larin, Iurii Aleksandrovich<br />
Litvinov, Maksim Maksimovich<br />
Lozovskii, Solomon Abramovich<br />
Maiskii, Ivan Mikhailovich<br />
Maze, Iakov Isaevich<br />
Mekhlis, Lev Zakharovich<br />
Mikhailov, Mikhail Efimovich<br />
Mints, Isaak Izrailevich<br />
Mitin, Mark Borisovich<br />
Naiditsch, YitsÕak Asher<br />
Nepomniashchii, Shlomo Iakov<br />
Moiseevich<br />
Radek, Karl<br />
Rafes, Moyshe<br />
Rubinshteyn, Ruvn<br />
Smushkevich, Iakov Vladimirovich<br />
Sol’ts, Aron Aleksandrovich<br />
Steklov, Iurii Mikhailovich<br />
Surits, Iakov Zakharovich<br />
Sverdlov, Iakov Mikhailovich<br />
Trotsky, Leon<br />
Vainshtein, Aron Isaakovich<br />
Zaslavskii, David Iosifovich<br />
Zhemchuzhina, Polina Semenovna<br />
Zinov’ev, Grigorii Evseevich<br />
RELIGION<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Rabbinic Culture<br />
Rabbinate<br />
The Rabbinate be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
The Rabbinate after 1800<br />
Rabbinic Literature<br />
Rabbinic Literature be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
Rabbinic Literature after 1800<br />
Talmud Study<br />
Yeshiva<br />
The Yeshiva be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
The Yeshiva after 1800<br />
Religious Movements and Trends<br />
Hasidism<br />
His<strong>to</strong>rical Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Teachings and Literature<br />
Karaites<br />
Messianism<br />
Supporting Articles<br />
Forms and Norms of Devotion<br />
Misnagdim<br />
Musar Movement<br />
Orthodoxy<br />
Re<strong>for</strong>m, Religious<br />
Religious Literature and Homiletics<br />
East Slavic Texts<br />
Lev Tov, Seyfer<br />
Liturgy<br />
Music<br />
Music <strong>for</strong> Sacred Texts<br />
Mysticism and Mystical Literature<br />
Preachers and Preaching<br />
ShulÕan ‘Arukh<br />
Tsene-rene<br />
Religious Institutions and Figures<br />
Ba‘ale Shem<br />
Bet ha-Midrash<br />
Beys Yankev<br />
Can<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
Crown Rabbi<br />
Daas Toyre<br />
Heder<br />
Kloyz<br />
Kol Ya‘akov Yeshiva<br />
Legal Institutions<br />
Mir, Yeshiva of<br />
Ponevezh, Yeshiva of<br />
Rebetsin<br />
Seminary<br />
Slobodka, Yeshiva of<br />
Telz, Yeshiva of<br />
Volozhin, Yeshiva of<br />
Hasidic Dynasties<br />
Aleksander Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Apt Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Belz Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Bratslav Hadisim<br />
Chekhanov Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Chernobil Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Ger Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Izhbits-Radzin Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Karlin-S<strong>to</strong>lin Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Koidanov Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Kosov-Vizhnits Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Kuzmir-Modzits Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Lakhovits-Kobrin-Slonim Hasidic<br />
Dynasty<br />
Lelov Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Lubavitch Hasidism<br />
Munkatsh Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Pshiskhe Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Radomsk Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Ropshits-Dzikov Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Ruzhin Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Sandz Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Satmar Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Savran-Bendery Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Sokhachev Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Stratin Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Vurke Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Zhidachov-Komarno Hasidic Dynasty<br />
Messianic Movements<br />
Frankism<br />
Sabbatianism<br />
Tarniks<br />
Biographies<br />
Rabbinic Culture<br />
Be<strong>for</strong>e <strong>the</strong> Sixteenth Century<br />
Kara, Avigdor<br />
Mülhausen, Yom Tov Lipmann<br />
Pollak, Ya‘akov ben Yosef<br />
YitsÕak ben Ya‘akov ha-Lavan of Prague<br />
YitsÕak ben Mosheh of Vienna<br />
Sixteenth Century<br />
Avraham Ben Avigdor<br />
Chajes, YitsÕak ben Avraham<br />
Efrayim Shelomoh ben Aharon of<br />
Luntshits<br />
Horowitz Family<br />
Isserles, Mosheh ben Yisra’el<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS 2173
Luria, Shelomoh ben YeÕi’el<br />
Me’ir ben Gedalyah of Lublin<br />
Rivke bas Me’ir of Tikotin<br />
Shakhnah, Shalom<br />
Shemu’el Eli‘ezer ben Yehudah ha-Levi<br />
Edels<br />
Sirkes, Yo’el<br />
Slonik, Binyamin Aharon ben Avraham<br />
Yafeh, Mordekhai ben Avraham<br />
Yehoshu‘a ben Aleksander ha-Kohen<br />
Yehudah Leib ben Betsal’el<br />
YitsÕak ben Shimshon ha-Kohen<br />
Seventeenth Century<br />
Ashkenazi, Gershon<br />
Avraham Yehoshu‘a ben Ya‘akov Heshel<br />
Babad Family<br />
Bass, Shabetai ben Yosef<br />
Berekhyah Berakh ben YitsÕak<br />
Broda, Avraham ben Sha’ul<br />
Broda Family<br />
David ben Shemu’el ha-Levi<br />
Efrayim Shelomoh ben Aharon of<br />
Luntshits<br />
Gombiner, Avraham Abele ben Ôayim<br />
ha-Levi<br />
Heller, Yom Tov Lipmann<br />
Horowitz Family<br />
Koidanover, Aharon Shemu’el and Tsevi<br />
Hirsh<br />
Krochmal, MenaÕem Mendel ben<br />
Avraham<br />
Lima, Mosheh ben YitsÕak Yehudah<br />
Me’ir ben Gedalyah of Lublin<br />
Mosheh Me’ir ben El‘azar Perles of<br />
Prague<br />
Oppenheim, David<br />
Reischer, Ya‘akov ben Yosef<br />
Shabetai ben Me’ir ha-Kohen<br />
Shemu’el Eli‘ezer ben Yehudah ha-Levi<br />
Edels<br />
Sirkes, Yo’el<br />
Slonik, Binyamin Aharon ben Avraham<br />
Te’omim Family<br />
Yehoshu‘a ben Aleksander ha-Kohen<br />
Yehoshu‘a Heshel of Kraków<br />
YitsÕak ben Shemu’el ha-Levi<br />
YitsÕak ben Shimshon ha-Kohen<br />
Yosef Shemu’el ben Tsevi of Kraków<br />
Eighteenth Century<br />
Babad Family<br />
Banet, Mordekhai ben Avraham<br />
Bass, Shabetai ben Yosef<br />
Broda, Avraham ben Sha’ul<br />
Broda Family<br />
Chorin, Aharon<br />
Dawidsohn, Ôayim<br />
Eger, Akiva ben Mosheh<br />
Eliyahu ben Shelomoh Zalman<br />
Eybeschütz, Yonatan<br />
Fleckeles, El‘azar ben David<br />
Friesenhausen, David<br />
Gintsburg, Aryeh Leib ben Asher<br />
Ôayim ben YitsÕak of Volozhin<br />
Heller, Aryeh Leib ha-Kohen<br />
Horovitz, Leah<br />
Igra, Meshulam ben Shimshon<br />
Kahana, Yehudah<br />
Khelm, Shelomoh ben Mosheh<br />
Kolin, Shemu’el ben Natan ha-Levi<br />
Kranz, Ya‘akov ben Volf<br />
Kristianpoller Family<br />
Landau, YeÕezkel ben Yehudah<br />
Lorbeerbaum, Ya‘akov ben<br />
Ya‘akov Mosheh of Lissa<br />
Löw, El‘azar<br />
Margoliot, Efrayim Zalman ben<br />
MenaÕem Manes<br />
Mosheh Me’ir ben El‘azar Perles of<br />
Prague<br />
Münz, Mosheh<br />
Oppenheim, David<br />
Orenstein Family<br />
Reischer, Ya‘akov ben Yosef<br />
Schick, Barukh ben Ya‘akov<br />
Sofer, Mosheh<br />
Sofer Family<br />
Sore bas Toyvim<br />
Te’omim Family<br />
Weiss, Marcus Nissa<br />
Yisra’el ben Shabetai of Kozhenits<br />
Nineteenth Century<br />
Aszód, Yehudah<br />
Babad, Yosef<br />
Babad Family<br />
Bacher, Vilmos<br />
Banet, Mordekhai ben Avraham<br />
Beck, Moritz<br />
Berlin, Naftali Tsevi Yehudah<br />
Blau, Lajos<br />
Bloch, Yosef Shemu’el<br />
Bondy, Filip<br />
Braude, Markus<br />
Broda Family<br />
Brüll, Jacob<br />
Buber, Salomon<br />
Chajes, Tsevi Hirsh<br />
Chorin, Aharon<br />
Danzig, Avraham ben YeÕi’el Mikhl<br />
Dawidsohn, Ôayim<br />
Dembitzer, Ôayim Natan<br />
Eger, Akiva ben Mosheh<br />
Ehrenfeld, Nathan<br />
Einhorn, Ignác<br />
Eliasberg, Mordekhai<br />
Epstein, YeÕi’el Mikhl<br />
Ettinger Family<br />
Fassel, Hirsch Bär<br />
Feder, Richard<br />
Fleckeles, El‘azar ben David<br />
Frankl-Grün, Adolph<br />
Freund, Samuel<br />
Friesenhausen, David<br />
Ganzfried, Shelomoh ben Yosef<br />
Gaster, Moses<br />
Gesundheit, Ya‘akov<br />
Glasner, Mosheh Shemu’el<br />
Grodzenski, Ôayim Ozer<br />
Gurland, Ôayim Yonah<br />
Ôayim ben YitsÕak of Volozhin<br />
Heller, Aryeh Leib ha-Kohen<br />
Hildesheimer, Esriel<br />
Jastrow, Markus<br />
Kahana, Yehudah<br />
Kalischer, Tsevi Hirsh<br />
Kamelhar, Yekuti’el<br />
Katzburg, David Tsevi<br />
Kayserling, Meir<br />
Kisch, Alexander<br />
Klemperer, Gutmann<br />
Kluger, Shelomoh ben Yehudah<br />
Kohen-Tsedek, Yosef<br />
Kohn, Abraham<br />
Kohn, Sámuel<br />
Kook, Avraham YitsÕak<br />
Kramsztyk, Izaak<br />
Kristianpoller Family<br />
Kunitz, Mosheh<br />
Levin, Yehudah Leib<br />
Lichtenstein, Hillel<br />
Lilienthal, Max<br />
Lorbeerbaum, Ya‘akov ben<br />
Ya‘akov Mosheh of Lissa<br />
Löw, El‘azar<br />
Löw, Leopold<br />
Löw, Yirmiyahu<br />
Margoliot, Efrayim Zalman ben<br />
MenaÕem Manes<br />
Maze, Iakov Isaevich<br />
Me’ir Leib ben YeÕi’el Mikha’el<br />
Me’ir SimÕah ha-Kohen<br />
Meisel, Eliyahu Ôayim<br />
Meisels, Dov Berush<br />
Mohilewer, Shemu’el<br />
Münz, Mosheh<br />
Natanson, Yosef Sha’ul<br />
Na<strong>to</strong>nek, Yosef<br />
Neuda, Abraham<br />
Nissenbaum, YitsÕak<br />
Orenstein Family<br />
Paneth, YeÕezkel<br />
Perlmutter, Avraham Tsevi<br />
Poznaáski, Shemu’el Avraham<br />
Rabinovich, YitsÕak Ya‘akov<br />
Rabinowitz-Te’omim, Eliyahu David ben<br />
Binyamin<br />
Reich, Koppel<br />
Reines, YitsÕak Ya‘akov<br />
Rónai, János<br />
Roth, Mosheh Aryeh<br />
Rülf, Isaak<br />
âafran Family<br />
Schick, Mosheh<br />
Schlesinger, Akiva Yosef<br />
Schmelkes Family<br />
Schwab, Löw<br />
Shkop, Shim‘on Yehudah<br />
Shvadron, Shalom Mordekhai<br />
Silberstein, Yesha‘yahu<br />
Sofer, Avraham Shemu’el Binyamin<br />
Sofer, Ôayim ben Mordekhai Efrayim<br />
Fishel<br />
Sofer, Mosheh<br />
Sofer Family<br />
Soloveichik Family<br />
Spek<strong>to</strong>r, YitsÕak ElÕanan<br />
Strashun, Shemu’el and Matityahu<br />
Taubes Family<br />
Tchernowitz, Ôayim<br />
Tencer, Pál<br />
Te’omim Family<br />
Trebitsch, NeÕemyah NaÕum<br />
Ullmann Family<br />
Weiss, Marcus Nissa<br />
Weiss, YitsÕak Hirsh<br />
2174 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
Wunderbar, Re’uven Yosef<br />
Yisra’el Me’ir ha-Kohen<br />
Zirelson, Yehudah Leib<br />
Twentieth Century<br />
Babad Family<br />
Bacher, Vilmos<br />
Beck, Moritz<br />
Blau, Lajos<br />
Bloch, Yosef Shemu’el<br />
Braude, Markus<br />
Broda Family<br />
Brodt, Shemu’el<br />
Feder, Richard<br />
Frankl-Grün, Adolph<br />
Gaster, Moses<br />
Gesundheit, Ya‘akov<br />
Glasner, Mosheh Shemu’el<br />
Grodzenski, Ôayim Ozer<br />
Hausner, Bernard Dov<br />
Heller, Ôayim<br />
Jakobovitz, Tobias<br />
Kahaneman, Yosef Shelomoh<br />
Kamelhar, Yekuti’el<br />
Karelits, Avraham Yesha‘yahu<br />
Katzburg, David Tsevi<br />
Kisch, Alexander<br />
Kohn, Sámuel<br />
Kook, Avraham YitsÕak<br />
Levin, Yehudah Leib<br />
Lewin Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Lipkin, Yisra’el ben Ze’ev Volf<br />
Löw, Immánuel<br />
Maze, Iakov Isaevich<br />
Medal’e, Shemaryahu Yosef Leib<br />
Iankelevich<br />
Me’ir SimÕah ha-Kohen<br />
Meisel, Eliyahu Ôayim<br />
Mieses, Józef<br />
Niemirower, Iacob Isac<br />
Nissenbaum, YitsÕak<br />
Orenstein Family<br />
Oshry, Ephraim<br />
Perlmutter, Avraham Tsevi<br />
Poznaáski, Shemu’el Avraham<br />
Reich, Koppel<br />
Reines, YitsÕak Ya‘akov<br />
Rónai, János<br />
Rosen, Mozes<br />
Rubinstein, YitsÕak<br />
âafran Family<br />
Scheiber, Sándor<br />
Schlesinger, Akiva Yosef<br />
Schorr, MojÛesz<br />
Shapira, Me’ir<br />
Shkop, Shim‘on Yehudah<br />
Shlifer, Solomon Mikhailovich<br />
Sicher, Gustav<br />
Silberstein, Yesha‘yahu<br />
Sofer Family<br />
Soloveichik Family<br />
Tamares, Aharon Shemu’el<br />
Taubes Family<br />
Tchernowitz, Ôayim<br />
Thon, Ozjasz<br />
Yisra’el Me’ir ha-Kohen<br />
Zirelson, Yehudah Leib<br />
Hasidism<br />
Aharon ben Mosheh ha-Levi Horowitz<br />
Avraham ben Aleksander ha-Kohen of<br />
Kalisk<br />
Ba‘al Shem Tov<br />
Barukh ben YeÕi’el of Mezhbizh<br />
Dov Ber of Mezritsh<br />
Elimelekh of Lizhensk<br />
Epstein, Kalonimos Kalman of Kraków<br />
Friedman, Tsevi Hirsh<br />
Ôayim ben Shelomoh Tyrer of<br />
Tshernovits<br />
Ôayim Ôaykl of Amdur<br />
Levi YitsÕak of Barditshev<br />
Maiden of Ludmir<br />
Me’ir ha-Levi Rotenberg of Apt<br />
MenaÕem Mendel of Kotsk<br />
MenaÕem Mendel of Rimanov<br />
MenaÕem Mendel of Vitebsk<br />
Mosheh Ôayim Efrayim of Sudilkov<br />
Mosheh Leib of Sasov<br />
NaÕman of Bratslav<br />
Natan Sternhartz of Nemirov<br />
Roth, Aharon<br />
Shapira Family<br />
Shapiro, Kalonymus Kalmish ben<br />
Elimelekh of Piaseczno<br />
Shneur Zalman of Liady<br />
SimÕah Bunem of Pshiskhe<br />
Teichthal, Yisakhar Shelomoh<br />
Tsadok ha-Kohen of Lublin<br />
Tsevi Elimelekh of Dinov<br />
Uri ben PinÕas of Strelisk<br />
Ya‘akov YitsÕak Horowitz<br />
Ya‘akov Yosef of Polnoye<br />
YeÕi’el Mikhl of Zlotshev<br />
Yisra’el of Ruzhin<br />
Yisra’el ben Shabetai of Kozhenits<br />
Messianism<br />
Dobruschka-Schönfeld Family<br />
Malakh, Ôayim ben Shelomoh<br />
Mordekhai ben Ôayim of Eisenstadt<br />
Mosheh ben Aharon ha-Kohen of<br />
Kraków<br />
Prossnitz, Yehudah Leib ben Ya‘akov<br />
Holleschau<br />
Shimshon ben PesaÕ of Ostropolye<br />
Spira, Natan Note ben Shelomoh<br />
Tsoref, Yehoshu‘a Heshel ben Yosef<br />
Wehle Family<br />
Yehudah Ôasid ha-Levi<br />
Karaites<br />
Firkovich, Avraam Samuilovich<br />
Luzki, SimÕah YitsÕak ben Mosheh<br />
Pinsker, SimÕah<br />
Troki, YitsÕak ben Avraham<br />
LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Language<br />
Hebrew<br />
Yiddish<br />
Multilingualism<br />
Belarusian Literature<br />
Czech Literature<br />
German Literature<br />
Hebrew Literature<br />
Hungarian Literature<br />
Polish Literature<br />
Romanian Literature<br />
Russian Literature<br />
Ukrainian Literature<br />
Yiddish Literature<br />
Yiddish Literature be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
Yiddish Literature after 1800<br />
Literary Journals<br />
Hebrew Literary Journals<br />
Yiddish Literary Journals<br />
Literary Genres<br />
Au<strong>to</strong>biography and Memoir<br />
Children’s Literature<br />
Hebrew Literature<br />
Yiddish Literature<br />
Polish Literature<br />
Humor<br />
Literary Traditions<br />
Literary Criticism and Scholarship<br />
Hebrew Criticism and Scholarship<br />
Yiddish Criticism and Scholarship<br />
Russian Criticism and Scholarship<br />
Parody<br />
Poetry<br />
Hebrew Poetry<br />
Yiddish Poetry<br />
Prose<br />
Hebrew Prose<br />
Yiddish Prose<br />
Satire<br />
Literary Circles<br />
Association of <strong>Jewish</strong> Writers and<br />
Journalists in Warsaw<br />
Khalyastre<br />
Kultur-lige<br />
Yung-Vilne<br />
Yung-yidish<br />
Literary Themes<br />
America<br />
Holocaust<br />
Holocaust Diaries<br />
Land of Israel<br />
Relations between Jews and Non-Jews<br />
Literary Perspectives<br />
Linguistics<br />
Czernowitz Conference<br />
Language<br />
Planning and Standardization<br />
of Yiddish<br />
Periodicals<br />
Hebrew<br />
Asif, Ha-<br />
Boker Or, Ha-<br />
Dor, Ha-<br />
Karmel, Ha-<br />
Kerem Ôemed<br />
Kolot<br />
LuaÕ AÕi’asaf<br />
Otsar ha-Sifrut<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS 2175
ShaÕar, Ha-<br />
ShiloaÕ, Ha-<br />
Zeman, Ha-<br />
Yiddish<br />
Globus<br />
Literarishe Bleter<br />
Literarishe Tribune<br />
Royte Velt, Di<br />
Shtrom, Der<br />
Sovetish Heymland<br />
Yud, Der<br />
Yudishe Velt, Di<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r Languages<br />
Adam<br />
òeskoÝidovské Listy<br />
Jutrzenka<br />
Miesi×cznik Úydowski<br />
Múlt és Jövë<br />
Opinia<br />
WiadomoÓci Literackie<br />
Linguistics<br />
Filologishe Shriftn<br />
Yidishe Shprakh, Di<br />
Biographies<br />
Czech<br />
Donath, Oskar<br />
Gellner, František<br />
Hos<strong>to</strong>vský, Egon<br />
Kapper, Siegfried<br />
Langer, František<br />
Langer, Ji֒<br />
Lederer, Eduard<br />
Olbracht, Ivan<br />
Orten, Ji֒<br />
Poláóek, Karel<br />
Rakous, Vojtõch<br />
Weil, Ji֒<br />
Weiner, Richard<br />
Winter, Gustav<br />
Zeyer, Julius<br />
German<br />
Baum, Oskar<br />
Beck, Karl Isidor<br />
Brod, Max<br />
Celan, Paul<br />
Donath, Adolph<br />
Fanta, Berta<br />
Franzos, Karl Emil<br />
Fuchs, Rudolf<br />
Haas, Willy<br />
Hartmann, Moritz<br />
Heller, Isidor<br />
Jeitteles Family<br />
Kafka, Franz<br />
Kapper, Siegfried<br />
Kisch, Egon Erwin<br />
Kompert, Leopold<br />
Kornfeld, Paul<br />
Mauthner, Fritz<br />
Neuda, Fanny Schmiedl<br />
Pick, Ot<strong>to</strong><br />
Salus, Hugo<br />
Saphir, Moritz Gottlieb<br />
Steinschneider, Moritz<br />
Thieberger, Friedrich<br />
Weiner, Richard<br />
Weisel, Leopold<br />
Weiss, Ernst<br />
Wengeroff, Pauline<br />
Werfel, Franz<br />
Hebrew<br />
Agnon, Shemu’el Yosef<br />
Ahad Ha-Am<br />
Aronsohn, Zalman YitsÕak<br />
Avraham Trebitsch of Mikulov<br />
Bacher, Simon<br />
Bader, Gershom<br />
Barash, Asher<br />
Baron, Devorah<br />
Bat-Miriam, Yokheved<br />
Ber of Bolechów<br />
Berdyczewski, Mikhah Yosef<br />
Berkowitz, YitsÕak Dov<br />
Bernfeld, Shim‘on<br />
Bernstein-Cohen, Miriam<br />
Bershadsky, Yesha‘yahu<br />
Bialik, Ôayim NaÕman<br />
Bick, Ya‘akov Shemu’el<br />
Bikhowsky, Elisheva<br />
Brainin, Re’uven<br />
Brandstetter, Mordekhai David<br />
Braudes, Re’uven Asher<br />
Braunstein, MenaÕem Mendel<br />
Brenner, Yosef Ôayim<br />
Cahan, Ya‘akov<br />
Dolitzki, MenaÕem Mendel<br />
Druyanow, Alter<br />
Epstein, Zalman<br />
Erter, YitsÕak<br />
Fahn, Re’uven<br />
Feder, Tuviah<br />
Feierberg, Mordekhai Ze’ev<br />
Feitelson, MenaÕem Mendel<br />
Fichmann, Ya‘akov<br />
Frenk, Azriel Natan<br />
Friedberg, Avraham Shalom<br />
Frishman, David<br />
Fuenn, Shemu’el Yosef<br />
Gintsburg, Mordekhai Aharon<br />
Gnessin, Uri Nisan<br />
Goldbaum, Meshulam Zalman<br />
Goldberg, Leah<br />
Goldin, Ezra<br />
Gordon, Shemu’el Leib<br />
Gordon, Yehudah Leib<br />
Gottlober, Avraham Ber<br />
Grinberg, Uri Tsevi<br />
Gutmann, SimÕah Alter<br />
Ha-Efrati, Yosef<br />
Hame’iri, Avigdor<br />
Hazaz, Ôayim<br />
Hillels, Shelomoh<br />
Hurwitz, Sha’ul Yisra’el<br />
Jeitteles Family<br />
Kabak, Aharon Avraham<br />
Kaminer, YitsÕak<br />
Kaminka, Aharon<br />
Kan<strong>to</strong>r, Yehudah Leib<br />
Karni, Yehudah<br />
Katz, Bentsiyon<br />
Katzenellenbogen, Tsevi Hirsh<br />
Katzenelson, Yehudah Leib-Binyamin<br />
Katzenelson, YitsÕak<br />
Klausner, Yosef<br />
Kovner, Abba<br />
Kovner, Avraham Uri<br />
Krochmal, NaÕman<br />
Lachower, YeruÕam Fishel<br />
Langer, Ji֒<br />
Lebensohn, Avraham Dov<br />
Lebensohn, Mikhah Yosef<br />
Lefin, MenaÕem Mendel<br />
Lenski, Ôayim<br />
Lerner, Ya‘akov<br />
Letteris, Me’ir<br />
Levin, Yehudah Leib<br />
Levinzon, YitsÕak Ber<br />
Lewinsky, ElÕanan Leib<br />
Lieberman, Aharon Shemu’el<br />
Lilienblum, Mosheh Leib<br />
Lusternik, Malki’el<br />
Mandelkern, Shelomoh<br />
Mapu, Avraham<br />
Menasheh of Ilya<br />
Mieses, Fabius<br />
Mieses, Yehudah Leib<br />
Munk, Me’ir Avraham<br />
Paperna, Avraham Ya‘akov<br />
Perl, Yosef<br />
Pines, YeÕi’el Mikha’el<br />
Pomerantz, Berl<br />
Preigerzon, Tsevi Hirsh<br />
Rabbinowitz, Sha’ul PinÕas<br />
Rabinovitz, Aleksander Ziskind<br />
Rabinowitz, Ya‘akov<br />
Reifmann, Ya‘akov<br />
Schorr, Yehosu‘a Heshel<br />
Schulman, El‘azar<br />
Schulman, Kalman<br />
Shalkovich, Avraham Leib<br />
Shapira, Ôavah<br />
Shapira, Ôayim NaÕman<br />
Shapiro, Konstantin Abba<br />
Shapiro, Malkah<br />
Shimonovitz, David<br />
Shneour, Zalman<br />
Shofman, Gershom<br />
Shoham, Matityahu<br />
Silberbusch, David Yesha‘yahu<br />
SËonimski, Ôayim Zelig<br />
Smolenskin, Perets<br />
Sokolow, NaÕum<br />
Stein, Edmund<br />
Steinberg, Ya‘akov<br />
Steinberg, Yehudah<br />
2176 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
Steinman, Eli‘ezer<br />
Steinschneider, Moritz<br />
Stybel, Avraham Yosef<br />
Tchernowitz, Shemu’el<br />
Tshernichowsky, Sha’ul<br />
Weinberg, Tsevi Zevulun<br />
ZamoÓñ, Yisra’el ben Mosheh ha-Levi<br />
Zederbaum, Aleksander<br />
Zitron, Shemu’el Leib<br />
Zweifel, Eli‘ezer<br />
Hungarian<br />
Acsády, Ignác<br />
Ágai, Adolf<br />
Alexander, Bernát<br />
Bánóczi, József<br />
Bíró, Lajos<br />
Bródy, Sándor<br />
Fenyë, Miksa<br />
Füst, Milán<br />
Gerë, Katalin<br />
Hatvany, Lajos<br />
Ignotus, Hugó<br />
Karinthy, Ferenc<br />
Kertész, Imre<br />
Kiss, József<br />
Kóbor, Tamás<br />
Komlós, Aladár<br />
Löwisohn, Salomon<br />
Makai, Emil<br />
Molnár, Ferenc<br />
Pap, Károly<br />
Patai, József<br />
Radnóti, Miklós<br />
Szabolcsi, Lajos<br />
Szép, Ernë<br />
Szerb, Antal<br />
Szomory, Dezsë<br />
Újvári, Péter<br />
Vámbéry, Ármin<br />
Vas, István<br />
Zsolt, Béla<br />
Polish<br />
Adalberg, Samuel<br />
Appenszlak, Jakub<br />
Belmont, Leo<br />
Biegeleisen, Henryk<br />
Brandstaetter, Roman<br />
Brandys, Kazimierz<br />
Braun, MieczysËaw<br />
Brzechwa, Jan<br />
Czyáski, Jan<br />
Dickstein, Szymon<br />
Feldman, Wilhelm<br />
Grydzewski, MieczysËaw<br />
Hemar, Marian<br />
Hirschhorn, Samuel<br />
Jastrun, MieczysËaw<br />
Kanfer, MojÛesz<br />
Korczak, Janusz<br />
Kraushar, Aleksander<br />
Lange, An<strong>to</strong>ni<br />
Lec, StanisËaw<br />
LeÓmian, BolesËaw<br />
Lipski, Leo<br />
Rudnicki, Adolf<br />
Sandauer, Artur<br />
Schulz, Bruno<br />
SËonimski, An<strong>to</strong>ni<br />
SËucki, Arnold<br />
Stryjkowski, Julian<br />
Szymel, Maurycy<br />
Tuwim, Julian<br />
Wassercug, Mosheh<br />
Wat, Aleksander<br />
WaÛyk, Adam<br />
Wittlin, Józef<br />
Wojdowski, Bohdan<br />
Wygodzki, StanisËaw<br />
Romanian<br />
Aderca, Felix<br />
Benador, Ury<br />
Blecher, M.<br />
Brauner, Vic<strong>to</strong>r<br />
CHlugHru, Ion<br />
Carp, Horia<br />
Cilibi Moise<br />
Crohmçlniceanu, Ovid S.<br />
Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Constantin<br />
Dorian, Emil<br />
Fundoianu, Beniamin<br />
Iancu, Marcel<br />
Ludo, Isac Iacovitz<br />
Maxy, Max Hermann<br />
Mugur, Florin<br />
Ornea, Zigu<br />
Pals, Ses<strong>to</strong><br />
Peltz, Isac<br />
Porumbacu, Veronica<br />
Ronetti-Roman, Moise<br />
Sçucan, Mircea<br />
Sebastian, Mihail<br />
Solomon, Dumitru<br />
Sterian, Margareta<br />
Voronca, Ilarie<br />
Wald, Henri<br />
Zissu, Abraham Leib<br />
Russian<br />
Aizman, David Iakovlevich<br />
Babel, Isaac<br />
Bagritskii, Eduard Georgievich<br />
Bogrov, Grigorii Isaakovich<br />
Brik, Liliia Iur’evna and Osip<br />
Maksimovich<br />
Brodsky, Joseph<br />
Brushtein, Aleksandra Iakovlevna<br />
Chernyi, Sasha<br />
Daniel’, Iulii Markovich<br />
Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigor’evich<br />
Galich, Aleksandr Arkad’evich<br />
Gershenzon, Mikhail Osipovich<br />
Ginzburg, Evgeniia Semenovna<br />
Gorenshtein, Fridrikh Naumovich<br />
Grossman, Vasilii Semenovich<br />
Iampol’skii, Boris Samoilovich<br />
Il’f, Il’ia Arnol’dovich<br />
Iushkevich, Semen Solomonovich<br />
Kazakevich, Emmanuil Genrikhovich<br />
Levanda, Lev Osipovich<br />
Levin, Doyvber<br />
Lilienblum, Mosheh Leib<br />
Lipkin, Semen Izrailevich<br />
Lotman, Iurii Mikhailovich<br />
Mandel’shtam, Nadezhda Iakovlevna<br />
Mandel’shtam, Osip Emil’evich<br />
Markish, Shimon<br />
Marshak, Samuil Iakovlevich<br />
Minskii, Nikolai Maksimovich<br />
Nadson, Semen Iakovlevich<br />
Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich<br />
Rabinovich, Osip Aronovich<br />
Rybakov, Ana<strong>to</strong>lii Naumovich<br />
Sapgir, Genrikh Veniaminovich<br />
Sel’vinskii, Il’ia L’vovich<br />
Shes<strong>to</strong>v, Lev Isaakovich<br />
Shklovskii, Vik<strong>to</strong>r Borisovich<br />
Slutskii, Boris Abramovich<br />
Sobol’, Andrei<br />
Solodar’, Tsesar’ Samoilovich<br />
Tsypkin, Leonid Borisovich<br />
Tynianov, Iurii Nikolaevich<br />
Volynskii, Akim L’vovich<br />
Yiddish<br />
Abramovitsh, Sholem Yankev<br />
Akselrod, Zelik<br />
Aksenfeld, Yisroel<br />
Altman, Moyshe<br />
Asch, Sholem<br />
Bader, Gershom<br />
Bal-Makhshoves<br />
Beider, Khayim<br />
Ben-Ami<br />
Bercovici, Israil<br />
Bergelson, Dovid<br />
Berger, Lili<br />
Bikl, Shloyme<br />
Bloshteyn, Oyzer<br />
Boymvol, Rokhl<br />
Broder, Berl<br />
Broderzon, Moyshe<br />
Brokhes, Rokhl<br />
Bronshteyn, Yashe<br />
Burshtin, Mikhoel<br />
Daniel, M.<br />
Der Nister<br />
Dickstein, Szymon<br />
Dik, Ayzik Meyer<br />
Dinezon, Yankev<br />
Dobrushin, Yekhezkl<br />
Dolgopolski, Tsadok<br />
Driz, Shike<br />
Ehrenkranz, Benjamin Wolf<br />
Emyot, Yisroel<br />
Erik, Maks<br />
Ettinger, Shloyme<br />
Eynhorn, Dovid<br />
Fefer, Itsik<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS 2177
Fininberg, Ezra<br />
Finkelshteyn, Leo<br />
Frenk, Azriel Natan<br />
Frug, Shimen Shmuel<br />
Gebirtig, Mordkhe<br />
Gildin, Khayim<br />
Godiner, Shmuel-Nisn<br />
Gordon, Mikhl<br />
Gordon, Shmuel<br />
Gorshman, Shira<br />
Gottlober, Avraham Ber<br />
Grade, Chaim<br />
Groper, Iacob Ashel<br />
Gurshteyn, Aron<br />
Halkin, Shmuel<br />
Hirshbeyn, Perets<br />
Hofshteyn, Dovid<br />
Holder, Yoysef<br />
Horontshik, Shimen<br />
Horovits, Ber<br />
Imber, Shmuel Yankev<br />
Kacyzne, Alter-Sholem<br />
Kaczerginski, Shmerke<br />
Kaganovski, Froyim<br />
Karlinski, Ber<br />
Kenigsberg, Dovid<br />
Kerler, Yoysef<br />
Kharik, Izi<br />
Khashchevatski, Moyshe<br />
Kipnis, Itsik<br />
Kletskin, Boris<br />
Korn, Rokhl<br />
Kotik, Yekhezkl<br />
Kovner, Abba<br />
Kulbak, Moyshe<br />
Kushnirov, Arn<br />
Kvitko, Leyb<br />
Lerer, Yekhiel<br />
Levin, Gershn<br />
Levin, Khane<br />
Levin, Lipman<br />
Levin, Yehudah Leib<br />
Liberberg, Yoysef<br />
Lilienblum, Mosheh Leib<br />
Linetski, Yitskhok Yoyel<br />
Litvak, A.<br />
Litvakov, Moyshe<br />
Manger, Itsik<br />
Markish, Perets<br />
Mayzel, Nakhmen<br />
Mieses, Matthias<br />
Molodowsky, Kadia<br />
Morgenshtern, Yankev<br />
Nakhalnik, Urke<br />
Naydus, Leyb<br />
Niger, Shmuel<br />
Nomberg, Hersh Dovid<br />
Nusinov, Yitskhok<br />
Olitski Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Opotshinski, Perets<br />
Orshanski, Ber<br />
Osherovitsh, Hirsh<br />
Oyerbakh, Rokhl<br />
Oyslender, Nokhem<br />
Peretz, Yitskhok Leybush<br />
Perl, Yosef<br />
Perle, Yoshue<br />
Persov, Shmuel<br />
Pinski, Dovid<br />
PryËucki, Noah<br />
Rabin, Yoysef<br />
Rabon, Yisroel<br />
Rapoport, Shloyme Zaynvl<br />
Rapoport, Yoshue<br />
Ravitch, Melech<br />
Ravnitski, Yehoshu‘a Ôana<br />
Razumny, Mark<br />
Reyzen, Avrom<br />
Reyzen, Zalmen<br />
Rosin, Shmuel<br />
Rozenfeld, Yona<br />
Rozental-Shnayderman, Ester<br />
Rubin, Hadasah<br />
Rubin, Rivke<br />
Segalovitsh, Zusman<br />
Semyatitski, Khayim<br />
Sfard, Dovid<br />
Shefner, Borekh<br />
Shekhtman, Eli<br />
Shmeruk, Khone<br />
Sholem Aleichem<br />
Shomer<br />
Shraybman, Yekhiel<br />
Shtern, Yisroel<br />
Shternberg, Yankev<br />
Shteynbarg, Eliezer<br />
Singer, Isaac Bashevis<br />
Singer, Israel Joshua<br />
Smolar, Hersh<br />
Spek<strong>to</strong>r, Mordkhe<br />
Steinberg Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Sutzkever, Avrom<br />
Taytsh, Moyshe<br />
Trunk, Yekhiel Yeshaye<br />
Tsharni, Daniel<br />
Tsinberg, Yisroel<br />
Tsunzer, Elyokem<br />
Tunkel, Yoysef<br />
Ulinover, Miryem<br />
Varshavski, Oyzer<br />
Vaysenberg, Itshe Meyer<br />
Vayter, A.<br />
Vendrof, Zalmen<br />
Vergelis, Arn<br />
Vevyorke, Avrom<br />
Vogel, Dvora<br />
Vogler, Elkhonen<br />
Volf, Leyzer<br />
Weinreich, Max<br />
Wiener, Meir<br />
Yaknehoz<br />
Yehudis<br />
Yustman, Moyshe Bunem<br />
Zabara, Nosn<br />
Zeitlin Family<br />
Zingman, Kalmen<br />
Zitron, Shemu’el Leib<br />
Zweifel, Eli‘ezer<br />
Linguists<br />
Ballagi, Mór<br />
Bánóczi, József<br />
Borokhov, Ber<br />
Falkovitsh, Elye<br />
Jakobson, Roman Osipovich<br />
Kalmanovitch, Zelig<br />
Löwisohn, Salomon<br />
Mark, Yudl<br />
Mieses, Matthias<br />
Munkácsi, Bernát<br />
PryËucki, Noah<br />
Shapiro, Moyshe<br />
Shtif, Nokhem<br />
Spivak, Elye<br />
Veynger, Mordkhe<br />
Vilenkin, Leyzer<br />
Weinreich, Max<br />
Zamenhof, Ludwik<br />
Zaretski, Ayzik<br />
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION,<br />
ECONOMICS, AND THE<br />
PROFESSIONS<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Economic Life<br />
Kahal<br />
Legal Institutions<br />
Organizations<br />
American <strong>Jewish</strong> Joint Distribution<br />
Committee<br />
Artels<br />
Central Committee of Jews in Poland<br />
Committee of Rabbis in <strong>the</strong> USSR<br />
Congress of <strong>Jewish</strong> Religious<br />
Communities and Organizations in<br />
Russia<br />
Councils<br />
Federation of <strong>Jewish</strong> Communities and<br />
Organizations of <strong>the</strong> USSR<br />
Federation of <strong>Jewish</strong> Communities of<br />
Russia<br />
Gezkul’t<br />
<strong>Jewish</strong> Confederation of Ukraine<br />
Judenräte and O<strong>the</strong>r Representative<br />
Bodies<br />
Mikra Kodesh<br />
Music<br />
Communal Organizations and Social<br />
Movements<br />
ORT<br />
Russian <strong>Jewish</strong> Congress<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>Jewish</strong> Folk Music<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Promotion of Culture<br />
among <strong>the</strong> Jews of Russia<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Settlement of <strong>Jewish</strong><br />
Toilers on <strong>the</strong> Land<br />
TOZ<br />
United <strong>Jewish</strong> Community of Ukraine<br />
Economics<br />
Agriculture<br />
Banking<br />
2178 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
Charity<br />
Crafts<br />
Credit<br />
Debts, Communal<br />
Estate System<br />
Guilds<br />
Ôazakah<br />
Industry<br />
Leaseholding<br />
Philanthropy<br />
Sabbath Rest<br />
Tavernkeeping<br />
Trade<br />
Transportation<br />
Education<br />
Art Education<br />
Bet ha-Midrash<br />
Beys Yankev<br />
Heder<br />
Kloyz<br />
Medem Sana<strong>to</strong>rium<br />
Musical Education and Musical Societies<br />
Normalschulen<br />
Seminary<br />
Soviet Yiddish-Language Schools<br />
Tarbut<br />
TSYSHO<br />
Yeshiva<br />
The Yeshiva be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
The Yeshiva after 1800<br />
[For specific yeshivas, see listings in <strong>the</strong><br />
subsection Religious Institutions under<br />
Religion, above.]<br />
Laws and Legislation<br />
Familiants Laws<br />
Honor Courts<br />
Josephinian Re<strong>for</strong>ms<br />
Shtadlan<br />
Sumptuary Legislation<br />
Biographies<br />
Community Leaders and Industrialists<br />
Bally Family<br />
Barbash, Shemu’el<br />
Becal<br />
Beck, Moritz<br />
Bergson Family<br />
Bergson, Temerl<br />
Bersohn, Mathias<br />
Bischitz, Johanna<br />
Blank, Maurice<br />
Bloch, Jan<br />
Bocian, Volf<br />
Bohemus, Abraham Judeus<br />
Bondy, Bohumil<br />
Brodskii Family<br />
Buber, Salomon<br />
Cajal, Nicolae<br />
Calahora Family<br />
Ehrenstamm Family<br />
Eppler, Sándor<br />
Epstein Family<br />
Ezofowicz Family<br />
Fiszel Family<br />
Fortunatus, Imre<br />
Gensch Family<br />
Gintsburg Family<br />
Goldberger, Leó<br />
Hantke, Bernard Ludwik<br />
Hatvany-Deutsch Family<br />
Ickowicz Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Jakubowicz, Yehudis Halevi<br />
Josko<br />
Kohner, Zsigmond<br />
Kornfeld, Zsigmond<br />
Lämmel Family<br />
Landau, Mosheh Yisra’el<br />
Lewko<br />
Madarassy-Beck, Nándor<br />
Maisel, Mordecai<br />
Mezey, Ferenc<br />
Naiditsch, YitsÕak Asher<br />
Natanson Family<br />
Petschek Family<br />
Poliakov Family<br />
Popper Family<br />
Rosen, Mathias<br />
Rosenthal, Leon<br />
Strashun, Shemu’el and Matityahu<br />
Szabad, TsemaÕ<br />
Szereszewski Family<br />
Toeplitz, Teodor and Henryk<br />
Varshavskii, Avram Moiseevich<br />
Wawelberg, Hipolit<br />
Wegmeister, Joel<br />
Weiss, Manfréd<br />
Wodianer Family<br />
Zak, Avraam Isakovich<br />
Zbytkower, Shmul<br />
Scholars and Scientists<br />
Acsády, Ignác<br />
Alexander, Bernát<br />
Askenazy, Szymon<br />
Bacher, Vilmos<br />
Bernshtein, Sergei Natanovich<br />
Brucçr, Isac<br />
Cajal, Nicolae<br />
Calahora Family<br />
Dickstein, Samuel<br />
Ehrlich, Ludwik<br />
Eidel’man, Natan Iakovlevich<br />
Eilburg, Eli‘ezer<br />
Erdës, Pál<br />
Fejér, Lipót<br />
Ferenczi, Sándor<br />
Fleck, Ludwik<br />
Gans, David ben Shelomoh<br />
Gel’fond, Aleksandr Osipovich<br />
Gessen, Iulii Isidorovich<br />
Ghelerter, Litman<br />
Goldziher, Ignác<br />
Handelsman, Marceli<br />
Hirschler, Ignác<br />
Hirszfeld, Ludwik<br />
Infeld, Leopold<br />
Ioffe, Abram Fedorovich<br />
Ioffe, Vladmir Il’ich<br />
Jaszuáski, Józef<br />
Jeitteles Family<br />
Kalecki, MichaË<br />
Kan<strong>to</strong>rovich, Leonid Vital’evich<br />
Khari<strong>to</strong>n, Iulii Borisovich<br />
Khvol’son, Daniil Avraamovich<br />
Kikoin, Isaak Konstantinovich<br />
Kohn, Hans<br />
Kërösy, József<br />
Kronenberg Family<br />
Landau, Lev Davidovich<br />
Liberman, Evsei Grigor’evich<br />
Lifshits, Ili’a Mikhailovich<br />
Löw, Immánuel<br />
Marczali, Henrik<br />
Markuze, Moyshe<br />
Migdal, Arkadii Benedik<strong>to</strong>vich<br />
Mincs, Vladimirs<br />
Mints, Isaak Izrailevich<br />
Munkácsi, Bernát<br />
Naimark, Mark Aronovich<br />
Natanson Family<br />
Pomeranchuk, Isaak Iakovlevich<br />
Rafalovich, Artur Germanovich<br />
Schnirelmann, Lev<br />
Shal’nikov, Aleskandr Iosifovich<br />
Shtern, Lina Solomonovna<br />
SËonimski, Ôayim Zelig<br />
Steinherz, Samuel<br />
Steklov, Iurii Mikhailovich<br />
Stern, Abraham<br />
Tarle, Evgenii Vik<strong>to</strong>rovich<br />
Turán, Pál<br />
Ullmann Family<br />
Utitz, Emil<br />
Wessely, Wolfgang<br />
Wissotzky, Kalonymus Ze’ev<br />
Wolfowicz, Szymon<br />
Zel’dovich, Iakov Borisovich<br />
Zil’ber, Lev Aleksandrovich<br />
Educa<strong>to</strong>rs<br />
Beck, Moritz<br />
Beer, Peter<br />
Eisenbaum, An<strong>to</strong>ni<br />
Gurin, Samuel<br />
Kármán, Mór<br />
Komlós, Aladár<br />
Krein, Mark Grigor’evich<br />
Lavi, Theodor<br />
Neufeld, Daniel<br />
Rakovsky, Puah<br />
Rényi, Alfréd<br />
Schenirer, Sarah<br />
Szabad, TsemaÕ<br />
COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Newspapers and Periodicals<br />
Printing and Publishing<br />
Printing and Publishing be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
Printing and Publishing after 1800<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS 2179
Printing and Publishing<br />
AÕi’asaf<br />
Approbation<br />
Bak Family<br />
Book Design and Illustration<br />
Censorship<br />
Censorship be<strong>for</strong>e 1800<br />
Censorship in <strong>the</strong> Russian Empire<br />
Censorship in <strong>the</strong> USSR<br />
Fayvesh Family<br />
Helicz Bro<strong>the</strong>rs<br />
Kohen Family<br />
Kultur-lige<br />
Moriah<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>graphy<br />
Prostitz Family<br />
Romm Family<br />
Samizdat<br />
Stybel<br />
Tushiyah<br />
Newspapers and Periodicals<br />
Czech<br />
òeskoÝidovské Listy<br />
Selbstwehr<br />
Üidovská Strana<br />
Üidovské Zprávy<br />
German<br />
Jüdische Volksstimme<br />
Hebrew<br />
Asif, Ha-<br />
Ba-Derekh<br />
‘Ivri, Ha-<br />
Karmel, Ha-<br />
Magid, Ha-<br />
Melits, Ha-<br />
Revista Cultului Mosaic din R.P.R.<br />
Tsefirah, Ha-<br />
Yom-Ha<br />
Zeman, Ha-<br />
Hungarian<br />
Ben Chananja<br />
Magyar Zsidó Szemle<br />
Múlt és Jövë<br />
Új Élet<br />
Polish<br />
Chwila<br />
Izraelita<br />
Jutrzenka<br />
Miesi×cznik Úydowski<br />
Nasz PrzeglÙd<br />
Opinia<br />
Romanian<br />
Adam<br />
Curierul Israelit<br />
Egalitatea<br />
Mântuirea<br />
Revista Cultului Mosaic din R.P.R.<br />
Renaãterea Noastrç<br />
Russian<br />
Birobidzhaner Shtern<br />
Leningradskii Evreiskii Al’manakh<br />
Razsvet<br />
Tribuna<br />
Voskhod<br />
Yiddish<br />
Bin, Di<br />
Birobidzhaner Shtern<br />
Dostrzegacz NadwiÓlaáski<br />
Emes, Der<br />
Eynikayt<br />
Folks-shtime<br />
Folks-tsaytung<br />
Fraynd, Der<br />
Frimorgn<br />
Haynt<br />
Hayoets<br />
Idishe Shtime, Di<br />
Kol Mevaser<br />
Moment, Der<br />
Revista Cultului Mosaic din R.P.R.<br />
Sportcajtung<br />
Yud, Der<br />
Yudishe Togblat, Dos<br />
Biographies<br />
Czech<br />
Fuchs, Alfred<br />
Gellner, František<br />
Olbracht, Ivan<br />
Poláóek, Karel<br />
Vohryzek, Vik<strong>to</strong>r<br />
Weiner, Richard<br />
Winter, Gustav<br />
German<br />
Bettelheim, Sámuel<br />
Ebner, Mayer<br />
Einhorn, Ignác<br />
Falk, Miksa<br />
Franzos, Karl Emil<br />
Gold, Hugo<br />
Hartmann, Moritz<br />
Heller, Isidor<br />
Herrmann, Leo<br />
Hickl, Max<br />
Jeitteles Family<br />
Kisch, Egon Erwin<br />
Klaczko, Julian<br />
Kuh, David<br />
Neustadt, Adolf<br />
Rabinowicz, Oskar K.<br />
Roth, Joseph<br />
Rülf, Isaak<br />
Sokolow, NaÕum<br />
Weltsch, Felix<br />
Weltsch, Robert<br />
Hebrew<br />
Bader, Gershom<br />
Eli‘ezer ben YitsÕak<br />
Frenk, Azriel Natan<br />
Gorfinkel, Leyb<br />
Jeitteles Family<br />
Kamelhar, Yekuti’el<br />
Kohen-Tsedek, Yosef<br />
Landau, Mosheh Yisra’el<br />
Landau, Yisra’el<br />
Pascheles, Wolf<br />
PryËucki, Tsevi<br />
Shemu’el ben Yisakhar Ber Segal<br />
SËonimski, Ôayim Zelig<br />
Sokolow, NaÕum<br />
Stern, Abraham<br />
Szabolcsi, Miksa<br />
Tchernowitz, Ôayim<br />
Wessely, Wolfgang<br />
Yatskan, Shmuel Yankev<br />
Yustman, Moyshe Bunem<br />
Zissu, Abraham Leib<br />
Zitron, Shemu’el Leib<br />
Hungarian<br />
Acsády, Ignác<br />
Ágai, Adolf<br />
Bíró, Lajos<br />
Einhorn, Ignác<br />
Falk, Miksa<br />
Kóbor, Tamás<br />
Makai, Emil<br />
Schwimmer, Rózsika<br />
Szabolcsi, Lajos<br />
Szabolcsi, Miksa<br />
Tencer, Pál<br />
Újvári, Péter<br />
Polish<br />
Eisenbaum, An<strong>to</strong>ni<br />
Hirschhorn, Samuel<br />
Klaczko, Julian<br />
Mendelson, StanisËaw<br />
Neufeld, Daniel<br />
Nussbaum, Hilary<br />
Orgelbrand Family<br />
Reich, Leon<br />
Singer, Bernard<br />
Tugendhold, Jakub<br />
Romanian<br />
Brucçr, Isac<br />
Carp, Horia<br />
Lavi, Theodor<br />
Mugur, Florin<br />
Peltz, Isac<br />
Zissu, Abraham Leib<br />
Russian<br />
Ehrenburg, Ilya Grigor’evich<br />
Ginzburg, Evgeniia Semenovna<br />
Jaszuáski, Józef<br />
Khaldei, Evgenii Anan’evich<br />
Kol’tsov, Mikhail Efimovich<br />
Kon, Feliks<br />
Landau, Adolph<br />
Liberberg, Yoysef<br />
PryËucki, Tsevi<br />
Yiddish<br />
Bader, Gershom<br />
Beider, Khayim<br />
Bercovici, Israil<br />
Diamand, Herman<br />
Disenchik, Aryeh<br />
Frenk, Azriel Natan<br />
Gorfinkel, Leyb<br />
2180 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
Hirschhorn, Samuel<br />
Jaszuáski, Józef<br />
Karlinski, Ber<br />
Latzky-Bertholdi, Ya‘akov Ze’ev<br />
Lestschinsky, Ya‘akov<br />
Liberberg, Yoysef<br />
PryËucki, Noah<br />
PryËucki, Tsevi<br />
Reich, Leon<br />
Reyzen, Zalmen<br />
Rubinshteyn, Ruvn<br />
Shefner, Borekh<br />
Singer, Bernard<br />
Sokolow, NaÕum<br />
Spek<strong>to</strong>r, Mordkhe<br />
Tsharni, Daniel<br />
Yatskan, Shmuel Yankev<br />
Yustman, Moyshe Bunem<br />
Zissu, Abraham Leib<br />
Zitron, Shemu’el Leib<br />
VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS<br />
Principal Articles, Visual Arts<br />
Ceremonial and Decorative Art<br />
Cinema<br />
Painting and Sculpture<br />
Pho<strong>to</strong>graphy<br />
Principal Articles, Per<strong>for</strong>ming<br />
Arts<br />
Dance<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Theatrical Dance<br />
Music<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Traditional and Instrumental Music<br />
Concert Music<br />
Study of <strong>Jewish</strong> Music<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>Jewish</strong> Folk Music<br />
Theater<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Hebrew Theater<br />
Yiddish Theater<br />
Polish Theater<br />
Russian Theater<br />
Romanian Theater<br />
Hungarian Theater<br />
Criticism and Scholarship<br />
Supporting Articles, Visual<br />
Arts<br />
Altneuschul<br />
Art Education<br />
Holocaust<br />
Art and <strong>the</strong> Holocaust<br />
Monuments and Memorials<br />
Museums and Exhibitions<br />
Synagogue Architecture<br />
Tombs<strong>to</strong>nes<br />
Supporting Articles,<br />
Per<strong>for</strong>ming Arts<br />
Music<br />
Holocaust<br />
Music and <strong>the</strong> Holocaust<br />
Musical Education and Musical Societies<br />
Operetta<br />
Songs and Songwriters<br />
Tsimbl<br />
Theater<br />
Dybbuk, The<br />
Habimah<br />
Kleynkunst<br />
Moscow State Yiddish Theater<br />
Polish State Yiddish Theater<br />
Romanian State Yiddish Theater<br />
Soviet State Yiddish Theaters<br />
Stage Design<br />
Vilner Trupe<br />
Warsaw Yiddish Art Theater<br />
Yiddish Ac<strong>to</strong>rs Union<br />
Yung-teater<br />
Biographies, Visual Arts<br />
Adler, Yankl<br />
Al’tman, Natan Isaevich<br />
Ámos, Imre<br />
An<strong>to</strong>kol’skii, Mark Matveevich<br />
Bakst, Léon<br />
Balázs, Béla<br />
Baumhorn, Lipót<br />
Berlewi, Henryk<br />
Bihari, Sándor<br />
Chagall, Marc<br />
Fal’k, Robert<br />
Fényes, Adolf<br />
Fleischmann, Karel<br />
Gintsburg, Il’ia Iakovlevich<br />
Ginzburg, Aleksandr Il’ich<br />
Ginzburg, Moisei Iakovlevich<br />
Gottlieb, Maurycy<br />
Gutfreund, O<strong>to</strong><br />
Guzik, Anna Iakovlevna<br />
Hajós, Alfréd<br />
Hirszenberg, Szmul<br />
Iser, Iosif<br />
Khaldei, Evgenii Anan’evich<br />
Kopelian, Efim Zakharovich<br />
Kramsztyk, Roman<br />
Lajta, Béla<br />
Lejbowicz, Herszek<br />
Lissitzky, El<br />
Nossig, Alfred<br />
Pasternak, Leonid<br />
Pen, Yehudah<br />
Pilichowski, Leopold<br />
Romm, Mikhail Il’ich<br />
Rybak, Yisakhar Ber<br />
Szyk, Artur<br />
Trauberg, Leonid Zakharovich<br />
Tr×bacz, Maurycy<br />
Tyshler, Aleksandr Grigor’evich<br />
Ver<strong>to</strong>v, Dziga<br />
Vishniac, Roman<br />
Biographies, Per<strong>for</strong>ming Arts<br />
Arnshteyn, Mark<br />
Bachmann, Jacob<br />
Bercovici, Israil<br />
Beregovskii, Moisei Iakovlevich<br />
Birnboym, Avrom Ber<br />
Brodskii, Isaak Izrailevich<br />
Celmajster, Dovid<br />
Dymov, Osip<br />
Dzigan and Shumacher<br />
Efros, Ana<strong>to</strong>lii Vasil’evich<br />
Engel, Yo’el<br />
Ford, Aleksandr<br />
Goldfadn, Avrom<br />
Granovskii, Aleksander Mikhailovich<br />
Huberman, BronisËaw<br />
Iudovin, Solomon Borisovich<br />
Kaminski Family<br />
Kaufmann, Izidor<br />
Kipnis, Menakhem<br />
Kopelian, Efim Zakharovich<br />
Kozintsev, Grigorii Mikhailovich<br />
Krein, Aleksandr Abramovich<br />
Krinskii, Vladimir Fedorovich<br />
Lesser, Aleksander<br />
Levitan, Isaak Il’ich<br />
Mane, Mordekhai Tsevi<br />
Messerer Family<br />
Mikhoels, Solomon Mikhailovich<br />
Morevski, Avrom<br />
Psantir, Iacob<br />
Raikin, Arkadii Isaakovich<br />
Rotbaum, Jakub<br />
Sava, Iosif<br />
Schorr, Barukh<br />
Sirota, Gershon<br />
Tairov, Aleksandr Iakovlevich<br />
Turkow Family<br />
Utesov, Leonid Osipovich<br />
Volynskii, Akim L’vovich<br />
Weichert, MichaË<br />
Weinberg, MieczysËaw<br />
Zylbercweig, Zalmen<br />
EVERYDAY LIFE<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Family<br />
Food and Drink<br />
Gender<br />
Life Cycle<br />
Religious Year<br />
Sexuality<br />
Life Cycle and Popular Religion<br />
Amulets and Talismans<br />
Angels<br />
Birth and Birthing<br />
Childbearing<br />
Childhood<br />
Circumcision<br />
Death and <strong>the</strong> Dead<br />
Demons<br />
Elijah <strong>the</strong> Prophet<br />
Golem Legend<br />
Hasidism<br />
Everyday Life<br />
Music<br />
Dance<br />
SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS 2181
Love<br />
Marriage<br />
Passover<br />
Piety<br />
Pilgrimage<br />
Possession and Exorcism<br />
Purim<br />
Rebetsin<br />
Sabbath<br />
Tkhines<br />
Weddings<br />
Popular Culture<br />
Badkhonim<br />
Beggars and Begging<br />
Calendars<br />
Car<strong>to</strong>ons<br />
Chess<br />
Christmas<br />
Cookbooks<br />
Crime and Criminals<br />
Dance<br />
Traditional Dance<br />
Dogs<br />
Dress<br />
Entertainers<br />
Esterke<br />
Folk Songs<br />
Galitsianer<br />
Geese<br />
Ger Tsedek<br />
Ôaluts, He-<br />
Health and Healing<br />
Humor<br />
Oral Tradition<br />
Landkentenish<br />
Letters and Letter Writing<br />
Litvak<br />
Maccabi Movement<br />
Magic<br />
Memory<br />
Money<br />
Monuments and Memorials<br />
Morgnshtern<br />
Music<br />
Traditional and Instrumental Music<br />
Communal Organizations and Social<br />
Movements<br />
Names and Naming<br />
Paper Cuts<br />
Personal Hygiene and Grooming<br />
Pigs<br />
Po‘el, Ha-<br />
Postcards and Greeting Cards<br />
Prochownik, Abraham<br />
Proverbs<br />
Purim-shpil<br />
Psychoanalysis<br />
Riddles<br />
Servants<br />
Shpanyer Arbet<br />
Shtern<br />
Shtetl<br />
Social Conduct<br />
Songs and Songwriters<br />
Sport<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Jews in Sport in <strong>the</strong> USSR<br />
Talk<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
Professional Talkers<br />
S<strong>to</strong>rytellers<br />
Blessings, Curses, and O<strong>the</strong>r Expressions<br />
Argots<br />
Tsimbl<br />
Wahl, Sha’ul<br />
Wise Men of Chelm<br />
Yikhes<br />
Biographies<br />
Barasch, Iuliu<br />
Botvinnik, Mikhail Moiseevich<br />
Breitbart, Zishe<br />
Calmanson, Jacques<br />
Eilburg, Eli‘ezer<br />
Gans, David ben Shelomoh<br />
Keleti, Ágnes<br />
Ostropolyer, Hershele<br />
Rotholc, StanisËaw<br />
Rubinstein, Akiba<br />
Tal’, Mikhail Nekhem’evich<br />
Teller, Yisakhar Ber<br />
Varshavski, Mark<br />
Vohryzek, Vik<strong>to</strong>r<br />
HISTORY OF STUDY<br />
Principal Articles<br />
Folklore, Ethnography, and<br />
Anthropology<br />
His<strong>to</strong>riography<br />
An Over<strong>view</strong><br />
His<strong>to</strong>riography in <strong>the</strong> Bohemian Lands<br />
His<strong>to</strong>riography in Hungary<br />
Orthodox His<strong>to</strong>riography<br />
Race Science<br />
Supporting Articles<br />
An-ski Ethnographic Expedition and<br />
Museum<br />
Archives<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> of <strong>Jewish</strong> Proletarian Culture<br />
<strong>Jewish</strong> His<strong>to</strong>rical and Archaeographic<br />
Commission<br />
<strong>Jewish</strong> His<strong>to</strong>rical <strong>Institute</strong><br />
Museums and Exhibitions<br />
Music<br />
Study of <strong>Jewish</strong> Music<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>Jewish</strong> Folk Music<br />
Society <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> Promotion of Culture<br />
among <strong>the</strong> Jews of Russia<br />
Theater<br />
Criticism and Scholarship<br />
<strong>YIVO</strong><br />
Biographies<br />
Acsády, Ignác<br />
Askenazy, Szymon<br />
BaËaban, Majer<br />
Bas<strong>to</strong>mski, Shloyme<br />
Beer, Peter<br />
Blau, Lajos<br />
Bondy, Bohumil<br />
Brutskus, Iulii<br />
Buber, Salomon<br />
Cahan, Yehudah Leib<br />
Dubnow, Simon<br />
Eisenbach, Artur<br />
Frankl-Grün, Adolph<br />
Frenk, Azriel Natan<br />
Friedman, Filip<br />
Fuenn, Shemu’el Yosef<br />
Gessen, Iulii Isidorovich<br />
Gold, Hugo<br />
Halevy, Meyer Abraham<br />
Harkavy, Avraham<br />
Hock, Simon<br />
Hollaenderski, Leon<br />
Jakobovits, Tobias<br />
Kaufmann, David<br />
Kayserling, Meir<br />
Kisch, Guido<br />
Klemperer, Gutmann<br />
Kohn, Sámuel<br />
Lavi, Theodor<br />
Lehman, Shmuel<br />
Lestschinsky, Ya‘akov<br />
Liberberg, Yoysef<br />
Lieben, Salomon Hugo<br />
Lilientalowa, Regina<br />
Löw, Immánuel<br />
Löw, Leopold<br />
Löwisohn, Salomon<br />
Mahler, Raphael<br />
Mandelsberg-Schildkraut, Bella<br />
Muneles, Ot<strong>to</strong><br />
Orshanskii, Il’ia Grigor’evich<br />
Pipe, Shmuel Zaynvl<br />
Psantir, Iacob<br />
Ringelblum, Emanuel<br />
Schiper, Ignacy<br />
Schorr, MojÛesz<br />
Schwarzfeld Family<br />
Shatzky, Yankev<br />
Shmeruk, Khone<br />
Steinherz, Samuel<br />
Weinreich, Max<br />
Weisel, Leopold<br />
Wunderbar, Re’uven Yosef<br />
2182 SYNOPTIC OUTLINE OF CONTENTS
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