Pregnancy and Employment: A Literature Review - Crisis Pregnancy ...

Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter 1: Motherhood and Employment: Irish and European Studies 3
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Trends in Maternal Employment 4
1.3 Lone Parents and the Labour Market 6
1.4 Part-time Employment and Caring Roles 7
1.5 Welfare Regime and Employment of Mothers 8
1.6 Attitudes to Maternal Employment 9
1.7 Conclusion 10
Chapter 2: Studies of Employment During Pregnancy 11
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Studies of Pregnancy-Related Discrimination Based on Legal Caseloads 12
2.3 Unfair Treatment: Findings of Equal Opportunities Commission Pregnancy Survey (UK) 13
2.4 Unfair Treatment: Findings of Maternity Rights Surveys (UK) 15
2.5 Women’s Responses to Unfair Treatment 17
2.6 Employment, Pregnancy Outcomes and Crisis Pregnancy 18
2.7 Employer’s Perspective 21
2.8 Conclusion 23
Chapter 3: Women Returning to Work after Childbirth 25
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Human Capital 27
3.3 Demographic and Family Characteristics 29
3.4 Preferences and Gender Role Attitudes 31
3.5 Job and Organisational Level Characteristics 32
3.6 Family Policies 33
3.7 Cohort Effects/Change over time 34
3.8 Conclusion 35
Chapter 4: Consequences of Breaks in Employment after Childbirth 37
4.1 Introduction 38
4.2 Occupational Downgrading 38
4.3 The Motherhood Pay Penalty 42
4.4 Conclusion 45
Conclusion 46
References 48
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