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Invited Lectures – 5 π 2011 Study of electrical conductivity of organic semiconductor by UPS: Charge delocalization, hopping and impacts of invisible band-gap states Nobuo Ueno Chiba University, Inage-ku, Japan We discuss two topics, which are related to quantum mechanical/chemical studies of electrical conductivity in organic devices by using UV photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS): (i) Energy band dispersion [1, 2], charge-phonon coupling and polaron [3, 4] for understanding the charge mobility (µ), (ii) direct detection of very low density of electronic states in organic HOMO-LUMO gap [5-9]. As the electrical conductivity (σ) is given by σ = n e µ, where n is the carrier concentration and e the charge, the topic (i) is a direct experimental study of µ in molecular aggregates and in a molecule, and the topic (ii) is related to study n since n is related to the energy level alignment/the Fermi level position that must be controlled by unknown and undetectable electronic states in organic HOMO-LUMO gaps [5, 10]. �e topic (ii) is thus related to elucidation of a well-known mystery; why the transport types appear depending on molecules without impurity doping, in other words why the Fermi level undergoes a change between HOMO-LUMO gap. �is might be originated from a primary deference between organic semiconductors and their inorganic counter parts. References [1] N. Ueno and S. Kera, Prog. Surf. Sci. 83, 490 (2008), review [2] S. Machida, Y. Nakayama, S. Duhm, Q. Xin, A. Funakoshi, N. Ogawa, S. Kera, N. Ueno and H. Ishii, Phys. Rev. Le�. 104, 156401 (2010) [3] S. Kera, H. Yamane and N. Ueno, Prog. Surf. Sci. 84, 135 (2009), Progress Highlight [4] S. Duhm, Q. Xin, S. Hosoumi, H. Fukagawa, K. Sato, N Ueno and S. Kera, to be published [5] H. Fukagawa , S. Kera, T. Kataoka, S. Hosoumi , Y. Watanabe, K. Kudo and N. Ueno, Adv. Mater. 19, 665 (2007) [6] T. Sueyoshi, H. Fukagawa, M. Ono, S. Kera and N. Ueno, Appl. Phys. Le�. 95, 183303 (2009) [7] T. Sueyoshi, H. Kakuta, M. Ono, K. Sakamoto, S. Kera and N. Ueno, Appl. Phys. Le�. 96, 093303 (2010) 30
π 2011 Invited Lectures – 5 [8] H. Y. Mao, F. Bussolo�i, D. C. Qi, R. Wang, S. Kera, N. Ueno, A. T. S. Wee and W. Chen, Org. Electronics 12, 534 (2011) [9] T. Hosokai, H. Machida, S. Kera, A. Gerlach, F. Schreiber and N. Ueno, Phys. Rev. B 83, 195310 (2011) [10] S. Kera, Y. Yabuuchi, H. Yamane, H. Setoyama, K.K. Okudaira, A. Kahn and N. Ueno, Phys. Rev. B. 70, 085304 (2004) N�� 31 Lectures
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