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INTRODUCTION ◆ 5 are experiencing some renewal, this does not match the vitality of churches in Africa or Latin America. Congregations in the United States hardly keep pace with population growth, but Asian Christians are recovering from near extinction at the end of the thirteenth-century Mongolian peace. They are a tiny minority in China, yet thirty million believers (a conservative estimate) can hardly be deemed insignificant. Those realities demand a different look at the history of Christians, one that appears eccentric in relation to standard Western church histories but one that flows from the center of things. All history is written within sets of questions that periodically change. A popular book should attempt to deal with contemporary concerns. A few arbitrary decisions have been made. For the short space in which they are needed, ‘AD’ and ‘BC’ are here brought back as the way to speak of time periods because ‘CE’ and ‘BCE’ make less and less sense. Using a calendar that employs the assumed date of Jesus’ birth as its starting point could be called the ‘Christian era’ and could designate the previous period as ‘before (the) Christian era’, but the ‘CE’ in these abbreviations sometimes means ‘the common era’. Many countries and religions of the world have their own reckonings. I do not attempt to make that clear by for example citing Muslim and Chinese dates for people from those communities. But trying to avoid Eurocentrism or North American dominance while speaking of ‘CE’ as ‘the common era’ boggles the mind. There is no world ‘common era’. ‘AD’ and ‘BC’ only indicate that I have adopted a Christian calendar, not that I am convinced that there is a singularly universal one. Places are identified in the early chapters by their ancient names with the modern ones in parenthesis: thus ‘Bithynia (north-western Turkey)’. That should help the reader find the locations. Perhaps the most difficult of these designations is ‘Palestine (Israel)’, in many ways an odd choice but one that allows the first to be the historical name and the second the modern one. Individual people form the backbone of this story but not because history moves solely through its greatest leaders. Often those leaders are out front only because the crest of a movement sent them surfing. Yet biographical vignettes make a book human. Finally one apology seems appropriate. Paying attention to Christians round the world emphasizes that they belong to a non-Western religion. That does present difficulties for any book, particularly a short one with a popular audience in view. Many strange names for countries, cities and
6 ◆ Christianity A SHORT GLOBAL HISTORY people must appear. Indeed it is precisely these stories that remind us of Christians’ long and far-flung history. The tale of Christ’s followers living out their faith should never be told without some accounts of those outside the Middle East (never a thoroughly Western region), Europe and ‘first-world’ North America. For further information please visit www.oneworld-publications.com/ christianityhistory. Frederick W. Norris 10 December 2001 (anniversary of Thomas Merton’s death in 1968)
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7 WESTERN MISSIONARY EXPANSION, 180
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284 ◆ INDEX Anchieta, José de 14
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292 ◆ INDEX Nicene creeds 66 filo
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294 ◆ INDEX Russian Orthodox Chur
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296 ◆ INDEX virgin birth 9, 44, 7
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