Youth Unemployment: Déjà Vu? - Index of - IZA

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Table 4. Unemployment Rate by Age and Educational Attainment 2008 Quarter 3 Total ISCED 0-2 ISCED 3-4 ISCED 5-6 15-24 25-64 15-24 25-64 15-24 25-64 15-24 25-64 European Union (27 countries) 15.6 5.7 21.2 9.4 12.7 5.2 13.3 3.5 Euro area 15.3 6.2 19.7 9.8 12.4 5.5 12.5 3.9 Austria 8.2 3.0 12.0 6.0 5.9 2.7 : 1.9 Belgium 22.7 6.2 32.7 11.6 18.3 5.7 21.5 3.5 Bulgaria 11.4 4.6 25.6 12.1 8.5 3.6 : 1.9 Croatia 20.2 5.6 : 7.3 18.7 5.7 : 3.8 Cyprus 8.4 3.2 7.2 4.1 6.7 2.8 12.1 2.9 Czech Republic 10.3 3.8 33.4 16.4 7.5 3.1 11.4 1.9 Denmark 8.7 2.4 8.9 2.9 7.9 2.2 : 2.2 Estonia 14.7 5.0 : 10.8 13.1 5.5 : 2.9 Finland 11.2 4.8 17.9 7.7 7.9 5.0 : 3.4 France 17.7 5.9 29.0 9.3 16.3 5.4 9.3 3.9 Germany 11.0 6.6 15.2 15.6 7.7 6.5 : 3.1 Greece 21.3 6.2 17.8 6.2 22.2 6.6 25.7 5.7 Hungary 20.8 6.7 32.1 16.3 18.1 6.1 19.2 2.4 Ireland 15.1 5.2 27.2 8.7 13.0 4.8 9.7 3.3 Italy 19.5 5.1 21.3 6.7 18.7 4.0 15.2 4.3 Latvia 12.2 6.7 18.4 12.1 10.2 7.1 : 3.7 Lithuania 15.0 4.9 27.0 8.3 11.2 6.1 16.8 2.4 Luxembourg 23.9 3.6 22.6 4.7 24.5 4.1 : 2.1 Netherlands 4.9 1.9 6.6 2.8 3.5 1.8 : 1.4 Norway 7.2 1.7 9.8 3.7 4.3 1.2 : 1.4 Poland 16.1 5.6 16.5 10.2 15.6 5.8 20.0 3.2 Portugal 17.1 7.2 16.4 7.5 13.0 6.6 34.3 6.8 Romania 19.2 4.1 20.1 5.5 18.0 4.2 25.6 1.7 Slovakia 19.4 7.8 52.6 30.3 15.3 6.9 24.9 3.0 Slovenia 9.1 3.5 10.0 5.9 8.9 3.2 : 3.0 Spain 24.2 9.8 28.9 13.6 19.1 8.4 17.9 5.9 Sweden 16.2 4.0 24.6 6.9 9.4 3.8 : 3.3 United Kingdom 16.7 4.0 30.3 6.6 12.3 4.2 12.4 2.4 38
Notes: International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) levels are as follows. ISCED 0: PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION. Pre-primary education (ISCED 0) is defined as the initial stage of organised instruction, designed primarily to introduce very young children to a school-type environment, that is, to provide a bridge between home and a school-based atmosphere. ISCED 0 does not include early childhood care services as they are not considered as ‘organised instruction’. ISCED 1: PRIMARY EDUCATION. This level is compulsory in all countries and generally begins between five and seven years of age and lasts from four to six years. ISCED 2: LOWER-SECONDARY EDUCATION. · This level continues the basic programmes of the primary level, although teaching is typically more subject-focused. Usually, the end of this level coincides with the end of compulsory education. ISCED 3: UPPER-SECONDARY EDUCATION. This level generally begins at the end of compulsory education. The entrance age is typically 15 or 16 years. Entrance qualifications (end of compulsory education) and other minimum entry requirements are usually needed. Instruction is often more subject-oriented than at ISCED level 2. The typical duration of ISCED level 3 varies from two to five years. ISCED 4: POST-SECONDARY NON-TERTIARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION. ISCED 4 straddles the boundary between upper-secondary and post-secondary education from an international point of view. Although their content may not be significantly more advanced than uppersecondary programmes, they serve to broaden the knowledge of participants who have already gained an upper-secondary qualification. ISCED 5: TERTIARY EDUCATION. Post-secondary education is either: 1) Type A – largely theory-based with a minimum cumulative theoretical duration (at tertiary level) of three years’ full-time equivalent, although it typically lasts four or more years; or 2) Type B – practical, technical or occupational skills-based with a minimum duration of two years full-time equivalent at the tertiary level. ISCED 6: SECOND STAGE OF TERTIARY EDUCATION. This level is reserved for tertiary programmes that lead directly to the award of an advanced research qualification. The theoretical duration of these programmes is 3 years full-time in most countries (for a cumulative total of at least 7 years FTE at the tertiary level), although the actual enrolment time is typically longer. The programmes are devoted to advanced study and original research. For successful completion, requires − The submission of a thesis or dissertation of publishable quality that is the product of original research and represents a significant contribution to knowledge. − Is not solely based on course-work. − Prepares recipients for faculty posts in institutions offering ISCED 5A programmes, as well as research posts in government and industry Source: OECD 39
Page 1 and 2: DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No.
Page 3 and 4: IZA Discussion Paper No. 4705 Janua
Page 5 and 6: The young, have been particularly a
Page 7 and 8: school at age 20 or higher and 9.0%
Page 9 and 10: déjà vu in the United States, whe
Page 11 and 12: Unemployment rate 18-24 unemploymen
Page 13 and 14: The growth of the age 16-24 cohort
Page 15 and 16: concluded that: “while significan
Page 17 and 18: 3) The long-term unemployed are at
Page 19 and 20: the UK. According to the British Cr
Page 21 and 22: and earnings. Adult men had no gain
Page 23 and 24: OECD (2008a) presented evidence on
Page 25 and 26: To see if this process continued wh
Page 27 and 28: Spain 3.22 3.27 -0.05 Sweden 3.46 3
Page 29 and 30: also able to include an indicator v
Page 31 and 32: 7. Policy Measures Young workers ar
Page 33 and 34: · a fund for employers who train m
Page 35 and 36: and later. First, the will to inter
Page 37 and 38: Table 1. Unemployment increases sin
Page 39: Table 3. Scoreboard for youth under
Page 43 and 44: Malta -.0402 (4.48) -.0886 (3.73) -
Page 45 and 46: Table 7. Labour market status of 16
Page 47 and 48: Table 8. Probability of being unemp
Page 49 and 50: Table 9. Probability of being unemp
Page 51 and 52: Table 11. Life satisfaction and job
Page 53 and 54: Table 12. Life satisfaction, United
Page 55 and 56: CSE's grade 2-5 -.1800 (1.99) -.185
Page 57 and 58: Cohort size 860000 840000 820000 80

Youth Unemployment: Déjà Vu? - Index of - IZA

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