Res Socialis Vol I N.. - University of Santo Tomas

Res Socialis
Journal of UST Social Research Center
First Semester 2004 Volume I Number 1
Editorial
C O N T E N T S
Click on title of article to view abstract
Assessing the Welfare Impact of Privatization: A Comparative Static Analysis -
Alvin P. Ang & Masatoshi Yamada
Financial Derivatives: An Essential for a Stable Philippine Financial Market -
Emmanuel J. Lopez
EDITORIAL BOARD
Dr. Ernesto R. Gonzales
Chairperson
Dr. Jaime M. Jimenez
Dr. Emmanuel J. Lopez
Dr. Esmeralda F. Sanchez
Council of Peers
Rodwin S. Oloresisimo
Editor / Creative Director
Robert A. Montaña
Associate Editor
Consultants
Alvin P. Ang, Osaka University, Osaka,
Japan
Akira Tsusaka, UST Graduate School
Manila, Philippines
Clarence M. Batan, Dalhausie University
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Bhent H. Nielsen (Ret.), United Nations
Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
What Makes East Asia? An Experience Revisited - George A. Villasis
Inoculating Corporate Virtue into the Mainstream of Global Economic
Integration - Robert A. Montaña
Mining Civil Society - Jaime M. Jimenez
Journeying the Road to Transformation: A Case Study on Incarcerated Inmates
in a National Penitentiary - Marina D. Gamo
Generating a Research Agenda for a Filipino Catholic University from Catholic
Social Teaching - Jeanette Isabelle V. Loanzon
If Lay Theologians Would Please: An Invitation to Engage in Pastoral
Sociological/Anthropological Research - Emmanuel D. Batoon
The Shape of Religious Education in Philippine Catholic Schools Today - Noel
G. Asiones
About the Journal
Submission Guidelines
RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center is published twice a year by the Social Research Center (SRC) of The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas (UST). The views
expressed in this journal are exclusively those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of SRC nor of UST. Articles in this journal may be quoted provided proper citation is made.
Annual subscription is PhP800 or US$50 including mailing cost. Single copies are available at PhP400 without mailing cost.
This journal accepts for publication a wide range of academic articles on the social sciences, such as sociology, political science, economics, sustainable development, anthropology, poverty and
women studies, among others.
Inquiries, subscription orders and other correspondence should be sent to the Editorial Staff, RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center, Social Research Center, Rm. 211,
Thomas Aquinas Research Complex, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, 1008 Philippines • Telefax: (+63) 2 731 35 35 • Trunkline (+63) 2 731 31 01 loc. 4040
• Website: http://www.ust.edu.ph • Email: ustsrc@ust.edu.ph.
Copyright © 2004 The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas – Social Research Center. All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. Printed in Manila, Philippines by the UST Publishing House. ISSN 1656-3301.

A New Page in the History of UST SRC Unfolds
The inspiration behind the creation of this journal emanated from the definitions of ‘authentic human
development’ espoused by His Holiness Joannes Paulus PP. II in his oeuvre, Sollicitudo rei socialis, which he
wrote last 30 December 1987 on the tenth year of his Pontificate. Today, 17 years after its initial proclamation,
the relevance of this Papal Encyclical had never been more germane, especially at this conjecture of
human history at the dawn of the 21st century.
Peoples and individuals aspire to be free: their search for full development signals their desire
to overcome the many obstacles preventing them from enjoying ‘a more humane life.’ It is
fitting to add that the aspiration to freedom from all forms of slavery affecting the individual
and society is something noble and legitimate. This, in fact, is the purpose of development,
or rather liberation and development, taking into account the intimate connection between
the two.
In this regard, RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center is a contribution to this call of the
Holy Pope for colossal efforts in the fulfillment of authentic human development. This journal is a scholarly
pursuit shaped by both scientific validations and transcendent moral ethical discourse, which had been, is,
and will continue to be the salient nature of the Pontifical and Royal University in Asia.
The timeliness of this type of scholarly endeavor in social research is authenticated by the current
developments for integralism in the social sciences and unification of the physical sciences. The on-going
global search for effective solutions to the dichotomy created by technological advance vis-à-vis total human
liberation is marked by the protracted conflict between material progress and authentic human development.
Humanity, in search for life and freedom, was instead entrapped by the toll of material progress, which
actually is a war against the principle of human harmony and peace and of modern economic slavery of
poorer countries, which are against the principle of Justice.
On the methodological front, the established social and economic doctrines no longer represent the essence
of social reality today. The search for a better framework has paved the way towards the integration of the
social sciences under a more cohesive framework of analysis that weaves both the scientific and moral
ethics. Likewise, this is also dramatized by the ongoing paradigm shifts institutionalized in the establishment
of the 13 new research centers in the USA, in particular, and the growing scholarly interests in this new
reality in many parts of the globe today, in general.
Our application of this new framework connects UST SRC with the on-going social ferment and public
mobilizations in the country. Our service is directly in partnership with the common people’s initiatives and
movements. The Center is thus very honored to serve as the technical arm of the Bishops Conference of the
Philippines in matters of social, economic, cultural and ecological research as well as development concerns.

As the Center celebrates her 25 th Anniversary come December 2004, this launching of RES SOCIALIS
signals the wealth of endeavors designed to create a level of awareness of what UST SRC had become after
these many years. The recognition of the past efforts of the previous administrators of UST SRC must not be
neglected so that one is able to see the whole picture of what this research institution had become today. The
myriad of publications produced and institutional alliances forged by the Center more than two decades ago
resonate the rigorous efforts undertaken by those predecessors who have made Social Research Center what
it is today. We, who are mere beneficiaries of this vision of our predecessors, are tasked with these
responsibilities to carry on forward towards the realization of the dream to make UST SRC a major contributor
and force in public mobilization for social transformation.
The current research clusters of the Center are (a) Sustainable Development and Environmental Management,
(b) Economics and Business Research, (c) Socio-Cultural, Pastoral and Church Affairs, (d) Women and
Poverty, and (e) Family Research. This early, the UST Social Research Center had provided the CBCP with
research outputs (Asian Family, Socio-pastoral Surveys of Dioceses, etc.) designed specifically to the needs
of the Bishops of the Philippines to anchor their prophetic pronouncements to facts analyzed by using the
accepted methodological standards in a scientific social research.
In behalf of all the people who have shared their great talents to ensure the realization of this dream, the
editorial board, researchers, staff, and friends, I dedicate this maiden issue of RES SOCIALIS Journal of
UST Social Research Center to all people who believe that the highest form of research is one that seeks for
the Ultimate Truth.
Ernesto R. Gonzales
Chairperson
SRC Council of Peers
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.4-11
Assessing the Welfare Impact of Privatization:
A Comparative Static Analysis a
Alvin P. Ang a & Masatoshi Yamada b,c
ABSTRACT
Privatization of public corporations has become a norm in both developing and developed economies.
It is perceived to have proven successful in bringing efficiency and competition to the economy and
reducing public sector deficits. However, recent experiences of countries that have privatized show
a need to further look into the welfare implications of this policy. This study looks into the theoretical
aspects of privatization using a general equilibrium framework. It applies the method of comparative
statics analyzing two conditions of the economy, i.e., before and after privatization, using a
representative-consumer model.
Keywords: privatization, comparative static analysis, developing economy
a
Graduate Student, Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University; Research Associate, UST-SRC & Economics Professor [on study-leave], Faculty of Arts &
Letters and Graduate School, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. Email: aljobendav@ybb.ne.jp, godblessyouph@hotmail.com.
b
Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University.
c
The authors are grateful to Dr. Emilyn Cabanda of the Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila; Dr. Nancy Eleria, Dean, Graduate School, Colegio de San Juan de
Letran; and, Prof. Akira Tsusaka of the Graduate School of Business, De La Salle University Professional Schools, Inc. Manila for their insightful comments for this paper.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.12-18
Financial Derivatives: Essential to Economic Stability a
Emmanuel J. Lopez a
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the extent of derivatives use in the Philippine financial market, limited on regular
derivatives transactions, such as spots, forwards, and swaps. Findings suggest that both government
and corporate organizations utilize derivatives to manage foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk.
Likewise, it was also found that not too many firms have capitalized on the advantages being offered
by financial engineering to design innovative mechanisms to raise capital, either for survival or
expansion purposes. Most financial managers suggest that all local firms, including the Philippine
government, must consider derivatives utilization to provide them the much-needed leverage in this
highly competitive world. Although it will take a lot of innovation in the local scene to maximize the
benefits that it can impart, the inevitable implementation of such kind of mechanism is a requirement
to acquire an advantage in this complex world of competition.
Keywords: financial derivatives, Philippine financial market, foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk
a
Dr. Lopez is Research Associate, UST-SRC, Chairperson for the Social Sciences and Economics Professor, Faculty of Arts & Letters, The Pontifical and Royal
University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. Email: ejlop@hotmail.com, ejlop@yahoo.com.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.19-33
What Makes East Asia? An Experience Revisited
George A. Villasis a
ABSTRACT
The paper first illustrates how East Asia’s leading economies comparatively expand and translate
trade into growth and per-capita income. Then, it describes how industrial development powers their
trade engines to explain their comparative levels of economic development. Furthermore, a crosssection
analysis of trade patterns reflects on their industrial development to complete the tradeindustry
picture. The paper ends with a discussion on the competitive frames of their macro-economies
in which they paint the picture of industrial and technological development. For reading convenience,
figures and tables are placed after the text which is also footnoted with additional explanations.
Keywords: East Asian economies, industrial development, macroeconomics
a
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Economics Professor, College of Commerce and Accountancy, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila,
Philippines. Email: profgv2001@yahoo.com.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.34-40
Inoculating Corporate Virtue into the Mainstream of Global Economic
Integration a
Robert A. Montaña b
ABSTRACT
The integrative components of the open market naturally give birth to a domino effect of economic
phenomena in accordance with the terms of the invisible hand – breaking a balance in the supply and
demand of both capital and labor. This paper presents the thesis that this balancing of social and
political forces is detrimental to the lower sectors of the labor force. The scenario worsens as more
competitive elements play as attractive nuisances to corporate thinking; a model which is grounded
in the expansion of organizational profit. By redefining the concept of corporate virtue in terms of
the post-modern managerial prerogative, a paradigm shift towards a more humanized global market
is technically achievable.
Keywords: corporate virtue, globalization, management
a
This article is the expanded version of the author’s work, Devaluating Virtue? Probing the Virtues of the Virtue Matrix (SRC Update 2003/n02-03:6,15-16).
b
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Philosophy Professor, Faculty of Arts & Letters, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. Email:
montana_robert@hotmail.com.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.41-51
Mining Civil Society a
Jaime M. Jimenez b
ABSTRACT
As ‘civil society’ gained currency in the Philippines and many regions of the world in the 1990s, the
term served as the ‘sound-bite’ that graced the presentations of political analysis in different journals,
books, articles, magazines, and newspapers and gushed out of the mouths of people from all
professions. This could be likened to the moment when “the semantic transmutation from international
to global took place so rapidly that theorization was overwhelmed by professions of faith” (Mattelart
1994, cited in Kelly, 1997). This article is divided into three sections. The first two sections provide a
selective account of civil society literature that pertains to the excessive use of ‘civil society’ and the
propensity to equate civil society with NGOs and POs. From this investigation, a ‘realist view’ of
civil society is presented with the aim of providing a perspective in employing civil society as a sociopolitical
category.
Keywords: civil society, Philippine society, NGOs/POs
a
This article is the expanded version of the author’s work, The Ambiguities of Civil Society (SRC Update 2003/n02-03:7,17).
b
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Political Science Professor, Faculty of Arts & Letters, The Royal and Pontifical University of SantoTomas, Manila, Philippines.
Email: jmjmnz@yahoo.com, artp9276@nus.edu.sg.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.52-59
Journeying the Road to Transformation: A Case Study on Incarcerated
Inmates in a National Penitentiary
Marina D. Gamo a
ABSTRACT
This paper sought, explored and analyzed the impact of the rehabilitation program on the eight (8)
selected inmates of the Philippine Medium Security Camp or Camp Sampaguita in the Bureau of
Corrections, National Penitentiary, Muntinlupa City. This is a critical study of the five (5) rehabilitative
elements being implemented by the Bureau, namely: higher education, livelihood, sports, talent
development, and spiritual formation. The study utilized case study as the research design, and
methodological triangulation (qualitative interviews, document analysis and visual analysis) as data
gathering procedure. Findings of the study emulate the intention of the Bureau to reform the offenders
through its rehabilitative programs. The implementation of the abovementioned elements were found
to require further enhancements to enable inmates to benefit from the program and for the penal
system to transcend from its previous ‘punitive’ nature into an organization that provide ‘reformatory’
services to those who have erred against the society.
Keywords: rehabilitation program, Philippine penal system, rehabilitative elements
a
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Sociology Professor, Faculty of Arts and Letter, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. Email:
babes_gamo@hotmail.com.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.60-71
Generating a Research Agenda for a Filipino Catholic University from
Catholic Social Teaching
Jeannette Isabelle V. Loanzon a
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a research agenda based on the elements, principles and themes drawn from the
Social Agenda published by the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace. This agenda is an attempt to
respond to the pyramid of inequality of income, wealth, and opportunity in the Philippine setting
towards realizing a Eucharistic banquet of equals. Since Catholic social teaching “proposes a set of
principles for reflections, criteria for judgment, and directives for action” (Pontifical Council for
Justice and Peace 2000 10), the suggested model presented here is a rhythm of information-actiontransformation.
Finally, as Catholic social teaching embraces the whole person, the approach to
research in a Catholic university is necessarily interdisciplinary.
Keywords: Philippine society, Catholic social teaching, Catholic research agenda
a
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Dean, College of Commerce and Accountancy, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. Email:
jloanzon2000@yahoo.com.
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.72-81
If Lay Theologians Would Please: An Invitation to Engage in Pastoral
Sociological/Anthropological Research
Emmanuel D. Batoon a
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to assist SRC lay theologians in formulating research types that combine theological
form of rationality and social science form of rationality that could provide further empirical support
to Catholic doctrine (not schemes that open the floodgates to heretical teachings) and that fit SRC’s
organizational mandate and capabilities through a description of the types and evaluation of the
solvency and practicability of theological and sociological/anthropological researches related to or
could be related to religion. The findings tell that theological researches are of the following types:
pure theological research, applied theological research, historical theological research, and pseudoscientific-theological
research. These types of researches cannot solve the research difficulty of the
lay theologians and are impracticable as they do not fit the SRC organizational mandate and capabilities.
The findings also tell that sociological/anthropological researches related to or could be related
to religion are of the following types: pure sociological/anthropological research on religion and
applied sociological/anthropological research in the form of policy research or in the form of action
research. With some modifications, these types of sociological/anthropological researches can solve
the research difficulty of the lay theologians and are practicable as they fit the SRC organizational
mandate and capabilities. Theses modified forms of types of sociological/anthropological research
can be provisionally named, ‘Pastoral Sociological/Anthropological Research.’
Keywords: pastoral research, sociological/anthropological research, lay theologians
a
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Sociology Professor, Faculty of Arts and Letters, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. E-mail:
manny_batoon@yahoo.com
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RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center • First Semester Vol. I No. 1 pp.82-90
The Shape of Religious Education in Philippine Catholic Schools Today
Noel G. Asiones a
ABSTRACT
Commissioned by the Episcopal Commission on Catechesis and Catholic Education (ECCCE) and
Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines (CEAP), the UST-Social Research Center (UST-
SRC) conducted a mailed-survey questionnaire research in 2000 to determine a possibly overall
picture of the present condition of Religious Education (RE) in Catholic Schools. Respondents were
asked on their perception of RE in terms of its content, methods and styles of teaching, programs
and institutional supports and as well as clients or students attitudes towards effectiveness of RE
agents and programs in achieving the goals of religious education in their respective schools. The
respondents, both students and religious educators were selected using stratified proportionate
sampling method from 1400 member-schools during the school year 2000-2001.
Keywords: Philippine Catholic schools, religious education, teaching method
a
Research Associate, UST-SRC and Religion Professor, Institute of Religion, The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines. Email:
noelgasi2000@yahoo.com.
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About the Journal
RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center is a fresh addition to the long-lineup of quality
publications of SRC in particular and UST in general—a scholarly publication envisioned to be a channel to
express certain views of social relevance coupled with findings from individual researches.
In this bi-annual publication, articles and commentaries intended to meet specific demands, are analyzed in
their various perspectives, subjected to rigorous peer review, and are afterwards published and disseminated
for academic scrutiny. From this fruitful language game, paradigms are created and re-created to establish
their utilitarian values. Through RES SOCIALIS, SRC reaches out with humanitarian concern armed with
intellectual acumen, to find lasting solutions to the tribulations besetting Philippine society today.
This journal accepts for publication a wide range of academic articles on the social sciences, such as sociology,
political science, economics, sustainable development, anthropology, poverty and women studies, among
others.
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Submission Guidelines
RES SOCIALIS Journal of UST Social Research Center considers for publication research articles, book
reviews, annotated bibliographies, etc. on the different social science disciplines, including economics,
sociology, political science, anthropology, religious studies, sustainable development, poverty and women
studies, among others. Research articles are based on a standard research approach: quantitative (experimental
or descriptive), qualitative, historical, or theoretical.
Prospective authors should follow the guidelines set forth in the Chicago Manual of Style 13 th Edition before
submitting a manuscript for consideration. In addition, all submissions to this Journal should have top,
bottom, left and right margins set to one inch, using Garamond 12-point font, and double-spaced.
Research manuscripts should not exceed 20 double-spaced pages (around 6,000 words), excluding the title
page, abstract, biographical information, and references. The abstract should not exceed 100 words. Identifying
information, including names of authors, addresses, phone numbers and E-mail addresses, should be provided
in a cover letter addressed to the Editor. The authors are responsible for obtaining copyright permissions for
previously published material. Endnotes should be used instead of footnotes. Book Review submission
should not exceed two double-spaced pages (around 600 words), which should include author, title, date,
publishers, number of pages, cost, ISBN, reference citations, as well as the reviewer’s name and institution.
The editors will acknowledge receipt of manuscripts and send copies of articles to the SRC Council of Peers
for blind review. Authors will be contacted after the review process, which generally takes a month to
complete. Authors whose articles have been accepted will need to send a Microsoft Word file (via e-mail or
in a diskette) and a printed version of the file.
In addition, authors should adhere to the following UST SRC–specific guidelines for tables and figures:
- All tables and figures must be placed in the appendix part of the article. Place a marker [put table/figure
# here] within the text body.
- Use Arial 10-point font. Double-space all tables for easy editing. Do not use any vertical or horizontal lines.
- If derived from secondary sources, properly cite the source.
- Number all tables in the order that they are mentioned in the text. Make sure that all used tables are correspondingly
mentioned in text. Those not mentioned will be removed.
- Define all measurement units and abbreviations in table notes.
- Graphics or photographs are considered as figures and should not be labeled as tables.
- All figures and complicated tables will be returned to the author for all minor adjustments before manuscript
publication.
Letters, manuscripts, reviews, or questions about submission guidelines should be addressed to the Editor,
UST SRC or emailed to: ustsrc@ust.edu.ph, Attention: Rodwin S. Oloresisimo, Editor.
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