Modern Steam english.pdf - DLM AG

Dampflokomotiv- und Maschinenfabrik DLM AG
Gertrudstrasse 17 CH-8400 Winterthur
www.dlm-ag.ch

MODERN STEAM
AN ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ALTERNATIVE TO DIESEL TRACTION

modern steam eliminates the well known
deficiencies of traditional steam traction
ADVANTAGES OF MODERN STEAM LOCOMOTIVES
• One man operation, no fireman
• Push-pull trains with remote control possible
• Excellent combustion with oil firing or fireless
• Higher thermal efficiency
• Full insulation of boiler and cylinders
• Quick start-up
• Limited servicing requirements
• High mechanical efficiency
• No spilling of lubrication oil
• Interchangeable parts

Drawing of the all-new Rack Steam Locomotive
based on modern steam Technology

Schematic of the all-new Rack Steam Locomotive
based on modern steam Technology

One-man operated new Steam Locomotive in
action on the Swiss Brienz-Rothorn Railway

ADVANTAGES OF LIGHT OIL FIRING
• One-man operation possible
• No fire cleaning, no ashes, no cinder
• Cleanest combustion, no smoke
• Better efficiency, no unburnt fuel loss
• No sparks, no line-side fires
• Easy adjustable
• Consistent fuel quality
• Requires less skill to operate

Comparison of Diesel Locomotive No. 11, built 1987
with Steam Locomotive No. 12, built 1992

EXHAUST GAS ANALYSES
Comparison between Steam and Diesel Locomotive
18
17.35
16
[g/kW u h]
14
12
10
8
6
0.99
4
2
0
0.21
1.84
0.21
Diesel locomotive Hm 2/2
w ith engine built 1992
CO
NO x
SO 2 *
0.45
Steam locomotive H 2/3
built 1992, * w ith reduced sulphur

Brienz-Rothorn Railway
The only Railway in the World with three Generations
of Steam Locomotives (1891, 1933, 1992) in Service

Schafberg Railway in Austria

Comparison of Direct Operating Costs
of the Locomotives of the Schafberg Railway (2000 to 2002)
700
600
500
in %of Steam, new
400
300
200
100
0
Steam, old Diesel (Railcar) Steam, new

52 8055
- rebuilt 1998/99
- 60% new
- light oil-firing
- roller bearings
Modernizing 52 8055
52 1649 ►52 8055
- built in 1943
- rebuilt in 1960
- coal fired
- plain bearings

Roller Bearings on all Axles and Rods

Coal-fired 52 7596 + light oil-fired 52 8055

Modernized 52 8055 pulls the famous Orient-
Express train over the Bridge at Eglisau

Fireless Locomotives
economic – clean – silent – environmentally friendly – CO 2 -neutral

Shunting-Diesel Locomotives
Exhaust – CO 2 – Noise – Idling – Maintenance – Oil-dependence

Shortcomings of Diesel Traction
• No direct drive from engine to wheels
– diesel-electric, -hydraulic or -hydrostatic
► Complex Drive ► High Maintenace Costs
► 75% Idling ► Waste of Energy, Noise
• Very bad Emission Values
► Particle filters and Catalyst necessary
► Fitting of APUs (Auxiliary Power Unit)
► addsto Complexity, Capital- + Maintenace Costs
• High Noise Level in Operation and Idling
• Dependence on Oil

Idling of Diesel Locomotives
Idling Consumption: Diesel Fuel:
3.5 - 5 gals/hour
Lubrication Oil: 0.4 - 0.5 gals/hour
= ► Idling Consumption: Diesel Fuel: 13 – 19 Litre/hour
Lubrication Oil: 1.5 – 2 Litre/hour

Efficient Diesel Traction?
Discharging Aluminium Oxide, Martinswerk Germany
- Discharging time for the entire train: approx. 4 hours
- Running time of Diesel engine: 4 hours =► Idling: approx. 95 %
- Consumption of Diesel fuel: 64 l equal to 640 kWh
- Consumption of lubricating oil: 7 l
- Actual work done: approx. 10 kWh =► Efficiency: approx. 1.6 %

Schematic of a Diesel Locomotive

Schematic of a Fireless Locomotive

Advantages of Fireless Technology
• Emission-free, quiet operation, soundless stand-by
• External energy production:
– Any fuel possible (local, cheap, CO 2 -neutral)
– Solar-thermal steam production
– Waste heat, e.g. from combustion engines
• Explosion-proof, no sparks, no fuel
• No oxygen needed: Ideal for work or rescue in tunnels
• Quick re-charging (5 - 20 minutes rather than several hours)
• Maximum starting torque (tractive effort)
• Overloadable
• One man operation, Radio remote control possible
• Simple, robust, reliable, low on maintenance
• Longevity (Batteries: 5-10 years, pressure vessels: 60-100 years)
• No energy consumption for idling/stand-by

Energy Density of Fuels
Brennstoff Schütt-Volumen für 10'000 kWh
2.5
1.5
Brennstoff- Gewicht für 10'000 kWh
Holzschnitzel* 2940 kg
Kantenlänge [Meter]
2
1.5
1
0.5
Braunkohle 3.4 m 3 0
Holzschnitzel 11.8 m 3
Holzpellets 3.07 m 3
Holzpellets 3.1 m 3
Steinkohle 1.6 m 3
Heizöl EL 1.03 m
Diesel / Heizöl EL
3
1.03 m 3
Wasserverdängung Kantenlänge
[Meter]
1
0.5
Holzpellets 2000 kg
Braunkohle 1880 kg
Steinkohle 1230 kg
Diesel / Heizöl EL 870 kg
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Kantenlänge [Meter]
0 0.5 1 1.5
Wasserverdrängung Kantenlänge [Meter]
The high energy density explains the dominance of oil in transport:
99% of the fuel used for traffic is based on oil!

Mobility with Stationary Energy
• The density of energy plays a major
role on all means of transport, where
weight and volume are always limited
=► only a few types of fuel are suitable
in transport and therefore expensive
• The energy density is not important
on stationary power plants
=► all sorts of fuels are suitable and thus
a lot cheaper

Comparison of Swiss Energy Prizes
for the same calorific Value
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Energiepreise [Rp./kWh]
Diesel (18.10.2004)
Benzin (18.10.2004)
Biogas Treibstoff (3.2004)
Erdgas Treibstoff (3.2004)
Erdgas zum Heizen (Winter 2003/2004)
Fernwärme IWB (Winter 2003/2004)
elektrischer Strom (Grosskunden EWZ, 2004)
mittelgrosse Solaranlage WW 70m3
Klein-Solaranlagen WW (z.B. 6m2)
Holz-Pellets (CH, Stand 8.2004), Grossbezüger
Stückholz 0.5/0.33m feucht gemischt
Stückholz 0.5/0.33m trocken gemischt
Heizöl EL (CH, Stand 18.10.2004, 6000 Liter ab Basel)
Ratio between cheapest and most expensive fuel: 1:4

„Filling Station“ for steam
at the Swiss „Falken“
Brewery in Schaffhausen
Sulzer three-pass boiler
delivers saturated steam

Filling station in the locomotive shed
Grosskraftwerk Mannheim, Germany

Active Fireless Locomotives
• Grosskraftwerk Mannheim D 3 Locos
• Sodawerke Stassfurt D 3 Locos
• Sasol Werk Herne D 1 Loco
• Ramonta AG Amsdorf D 1 Loco
• Schoeller GmbH Osnabrück D 1 Loco
• Papierfabrik Theresienthal A 1 Loco
• DLM AG Winterthur CH 2 Locos
• Setuza-Werk Usti nad Labem CZ 2 Locos
• Kraftwerk Ljubljana
Slov. 1 Loco
• Semboro Sugar Mill
Java 2 Locos

Setuza-Werk Usti nad Labem

Grosskraftwerk Mannheim

High-pressure (85 bar) fireless locomotive
working on superheated steam (Gilli cycle)

Fireless Locomotive FLC 0147 derelict at Heinsberg,
Germany (May 18, 2009) , later re-commissioned by DLM

Presentation of the fireless locomotives FLC 03147 and
FLC 03160 at Schaffhausen on 26. and 27.10.2010

FLC 03160 of DLM

Other Uses for Thermal Storage
Present Use
• Steam-powered Catapults on Air Carriers
• Thermal Storage in Industry
• Thermal Storage for solar-thermal Power Plants
Future and Potential
• Industrial Trucks, Thermomobil (being developed)
• Branch line trains (e.g. Hauenstein, Switzerland)
• Tunnellocomotives, Tunnelrescue Vehicles
• Buses, Taxis
• Vaporetti (Venice), Watertaxis
• Ferries (e.g. Meilen – Horgen)

Steam-powered Catapult
accelerates a 36 t airplane within only 92 m from a standstill to 260
km/h in 3 Seconds. Without the catapult 1.5 km are necessary.
A Ferrari (1.25 t) needs 9.5 Seconds from 0 to 200 km/h.
Ultrahigh Reliability is Essential
to Ensure Safety for the Pilots and Plains.

1st „Proof of Concept“ fireless road vehicle

2nd „Proof of Concept“ fireless road vehicle

Thermomobil HOT2GO

„Cost Saving“ on underused Branch Lines

More revenue is a much better solution!

Project: modern steam on the
Swiss Hauenstein line
• Problem: In spite of a highly rationalised operation,
electric trains achieve a cost recovery of 19% only
• Analyses: Insufficient revenue due to insufficient
patronage in this sparsely populated region
• Idea: Increase revenue and patronage substantially
with additional full paying passengers (tourists)
• Solution: Introduce modern clean and efficient steam
trains instead of railcars

modern steam
attractive, but not old-fashioned

Steam Locomotives attract (full paying)
Tourists who ride the trains in off-peak times
resulting in much higher revenue
Die Dampfbahn füllt das Ertragsloch

modern steam on the Hauenstein

Successfull Tests on the Hauenstein
2008: 16 Trains during the 150 year celebrations
2009: 78 Trains during the 17- day patronage tests
2010: 36 Trains during the 8- day economic tests
All steam trains were 100% reliable and on time Q.E.D.
Increase of patronage and income by factors Q.E.D.

Design proposal for an all-new modern steam
4-8-4 tank locomotive, oil-fired or fireless
This modern locomotive can also be used on push-pull trains
and is intended for regular operation on the Hauenstein line
Please see: www. modern-steam-hauenstein.ch

Dampflokomotiv- und Maschinenfabrik DLM AG
Gertrudstrasse 17 CH-8400 Winterthur
www.dlm-ag.ch