Revision History - Jerry Post

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Songini, Marc L., “Firms Face Barriers in Push for Data Analysis,” Computerworld, April 30, 2001. Tedesco, Richard, “MGM, Blockbuster to Stream TV, Films,” Broadcasting & Cable, January 24, 2000, Vol 130(4), p. 128. Ulfelder, Steve, “Partners in Profit,” Computerworld, July 16, 2001. The Wall Street Journal, “Coming Soon to Your Local Video Store: Big Brother,” December 26, 1990. The Wall Street Journal, “Blockbuster Woes Lead Viacom To Take a $300 Million Charge,” July 1, 1997. The Wall Street Journal, “Blockbuster Speeds Plans for DVDs, Plans to Take $450 Million in Charges,” September 10, 2001. 36
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Aging Technology in an Increasingly Complex Environment The Federal Aviation Administration (AAA) is charged with overseeing all public (nonmilitary) flight operations in the United States related to safety and access to the air. The agency establishes safety criteria, issues licenses for pilots, and provides air-worthiness certificates for planes. The agency also operates the air traffic control system throughout the United States. Funding for the agency is generated through user fees and taxes on aircraft fuel, tires, and airline tickets. By 1990, the Aviation Trust Fund held $41 billion, built up from the prior 20 years. The FAA is an executive agency and theoretically operates under the direct control of the U.S. president. However, tax rates and expenditures are established by Congress. Since 1960, the FAA has exerted control over all commercial airliners from takeoff to landing. Once they take off, planes are tracked in the following ways: • By tower controllers with binoculars and local radar. • By controllers in terminal radar approach controls, or Tracons, that may serve airports. • By controllers in the 20 air route traffic control centers around the country. Controllers in the airport towers, Tracons, and control centers share data from a nationwide network of radar installations. They use a network of radar installations to talk to the planes. Air traffic control in the U.S. is an exceedingly complex problem. In 1994, the 300 major airports generated 50,000 flights a day. The air traffic control system is responsible for scheduling the takeoffs, landings, and flight paths of all these flights. In 1990, 466 million passengers a year were flying on U.S. airlines. In 2002, the airlines carried 714 million paying passengers. With more airlines and more daily flights, the air traffic control system is dealing with more difficult problems every year. The busiest airports (Atlanta tops the list) cause even more complications—trying to schedule hundreds of flights per hour. Traffic control is organized into three levels: nationwide U.S. airspace, 20 regional air traffic centers, and individual airports. Air traffic control operators at each airport have immediate control over takeoffs and landings. Regional operators watch traffic within their defined air space. Systemwide control is provided by the Central Flow facilities located in Washington, D.C. The Central Flow managers examine traffic across the entire United States and resolve conflicts and problems that arise between regions. The 40 traffic management specialists plan each day in advance, creating alternative routings for problems arising from snowstorms, accidents, and closed runways. Early Systems The early traffic control system was built with hardware and software from Sperry- Rand/Univac, a computer company that was purchased in the mid-1980s by Burroughs. The combined company is now called Unisys. The airport-based traffic control computers were based on a 256K bytes of main memory and performed 500,000 instructions per second. The original systems were installed in the early 1960s. The 20 regional centers had their own computers—IBM 9020 machines that were custom made for the FAA in the 1960s. 37
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Page 27 and 28: all of its promotions and price dis
Page 29 and 30: Blockbuster Video In 1985, Blockbus
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Page 35 and 36: In 1998, Blockbuster launched an En
Page 37: Additional Reading Bacheldor, Beth,
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Page 59 and 60: The Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
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Page 77 and 78: GAO, “Tax Systems Modernization-M

Revision History - Jerry Post

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