projects - International Hydrail Conference

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE 

FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 

A project of the United Nations Industrial Development Organization 

Supported by the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources 

UNIDO‐ICHET 

Mission and Activities 

Dr. Mustafa Hatipoglu 

Managing Director 

6th International HydRail Conference – 2010, 

01- 02 July 2010, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul



Background of UNIDO‐ICHET 



An autonomous UNIDO institute, located in Istanbul 

Formed by aTrust Fund Agreement between UNIDO & Turkey in 2003 

Started operation in May‐2004 

Initial funding of 40 million USD by Turkish Ministry of Energy & NR 

Currently, has staff of 29 full‐time and 12 part‐time 





Mission of UNIDO‐ICHET 



UNIDO‐ICHET ; bridge between fossil 

fuel past and Hydrogen future 

The International Centre for Hydrogen Energy Technologies 

is a UNIDO project which has the mission of; 

1) demonstrating viable implementations of Hydrogen 

energy technologies, 

2) facilitating their widespread use in developing countries 

through realizing & supporting demonstration projects, 

applied research activities, education, training, seminars, 

conferences and workshops 




Energy, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Inclusive 


Activities in European Union 



EU ENERGY TARGETS : 

• By 2020 ( the three 20s ) : 

o 20% reduction in GHG emissions compared to ‘90 levels (30% if global agreement) 

o 20% reduction in global primary energy use ( through energy efficiency ) 

o 20% share of RE in the EU’s overall mix & 10% share of RE in transport 

• By 2050 : 60 to 80% reduction in GHG 

THE EUROPEAN GREEN CAR INITIATIVE : 

• Research Content : 

o Heavy Duty Vehicles ( ICEs, vehicle technologies for energy optimization ) 

o Road & urban transport electrification 

o Logistics, co‐modality & intelligent transport system technologies 

THE FUEL CELLS & HYDROGEN JOINT UNDERTAKING ( FCH JU ) : 

o Public –private partnership established in May 2008 

o Enabling market breakthrough of FCH technologies 

o Establish and execute long‐term, commonly agreed strategy 

o Shared governance 

o Industry lead for faster commercialization 







GLOBAL ENERGY DEMAND 





Global Future Energy Demands 









GLOBAL WARMING & OTHER 

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 





Gases Causing Global Warming 



Carbon Dioxide 

Carbon Monoxide 

Nitrous Oxides 

Methane 

Chlorofluorocarbons 

Ozone 



World Energy‐Related 

CO 2 Emissions by Fuel 





Source: International Energy Agency, “World Energy Outlook”, 2006 





Global Energy Concerns 



Fossil fuel pollution threatens the ecosystem. 30% of natural resources depleted 

in the past 30 years. 

Fossil fuel pollution induces green house gases ( GHG ) effect which leads to 

global warming & global temperature increase. 

Global warming is the major cause of the climate change. If the climate issues go 

as they are, the sea level will increase 70 cm and temperature 4.5 cm in 2100. 

Global climate change declines the fertile soils which ultimately increases the 

risk of regional desertification. 

IPCC ( United Nations Inter‐Governmental Panel for Climate Change ) states that; 

o If the climate change can not be taken under control, global food 

production will decrease as much as 40 percent in 2100. 

o To stop the climate crisis, global warming has to be limited max. to 2 0 C. 

o Industrial countries have to reduce their global CO 2 emissions by 40% until 

2020 and by 80% ( possibly 90% ) until 2050 in comparison to 1990 levels. 




Major Challenges Which Drive The World 


To Change The Current Energy System 



Current energy system is not sustainable due to the following global issues: 

Economic : growing gap between energy demand & supply since 19 th 

century due to increase of industrialization ( India, China ) 

and the current economic dependency on fossil fuels. 

Physical : decline in the limited fossil fuel resources. 

Environmental : local, regional, global environmental problems due to global 

warming ( climate change ) caused by fossil fuel CO 2 emissions. 

Geo‐political : oil & gas reserves concentrated in politically volatile areas. 







REQUIREMENT OF 

A NEW ENERGY SOURCE 





Renewable Energy Sources 



Biofuels ( sugar cane, sugar beet, corn/maize, sweet sorghum, 

yeast, soybean, algae, jathropa, switchgrass, rapeseed, palm oil ) 

Biomass ( biofuels + straw, timber, manure, rice husks, sewage, 

food wastes, forest wastes, animal wastes, landfill ) 

Geothermal 

Hydropower 

Solar ( sun ) 

Tides 

Wave 

Wind 

Sea currents 



The Physical Potential of 

Renewable Energies 







New Primary Energy Sources 

Being Considered 





Nuclear fission ( breeders ) 

Nuclear fusion 

Solar 

Wind 

Ocean‐thermal 

Ocean currents 

Tides 

Geothermal 



Drawbacks of 

New Primary Energy Sources 





Intermittently available ( solar, wind, tides ) 

Available far from consumption center 

Not transportable 

Not storable 

Not fuels for transportation 

Result : A new primary energy source is necessary 

instead of fossil fuels, but the existents have 

different drawbacks 





Criteria for Fuel Selection 



Transportable 

Storable 

Suitable to use in transportation vehicles 

Economical to produce (cost‐effective ) 

Environmental compatibility ( pollution free ) 

Versatility 

Renewable 

Utilization efficiency 

Safety 

Independent of primary energy sources 

Conclusion : a permanent synthetic fuel is required 







HYDROGEN AS A FUEL 





Properties of Hydrogen 



Transportable 

Very high combustion temperature ( if oxidized by O 2 )( 3000 0 C) 

Very low boiling temperature ( ‐ 253 0 C) 

High auto‐ignition temperature ( 585 0 C) 

Lightest 

Odorless 

Colourless 

Tasteless 

Storable 

Non‐toxic 

Cleanest 

Most versatile 

Most reproducable 

Best fuel for vehicles ( energy by weight: 3 times of gasoline ) 

Renewable 

Safer than gasoline & methane 

Environmentally compatible 

Cost‐effective 

Has clean combustion ( by‐product is just H 2 O ) without flame 

Independent of primary energy sources 



Energy Content of 

Some Fuels ( in MJ/kg ) 









Why Hydrogen ? 



H2 is a energy carrier like electricity, but not energy source 

Reducing CO2 emissions & energy security are main drivers for Hydrogen 

Energy content of H2 by weight is 3 times of gasoline 

H2 is transportable & storable 

H2 can store energy for long periods 

H2 is reliable & sustainable 

H2 is clean & environmentally friendly 

H2 can provide full range of energy services like; 

heat, electricity & transportation 

H2 is complementary to battery electric applications 

especially for long range transportation 

H2 can be produced from fossil fuels, nuclear 

heat & renewable energy sources 





The Hydrogen Cycle 




01- 02 July 2010, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul 

Water dissociation 

by electrolysis 

while oxygen is 

released to the 

atmosphere, 

hydrogen storage 

and finally 

combustion 

of hydrogen with 

oxygen from the 

atmosphere in a 

fuel cell or internal 

combustion 

engine. 

The product is only 

water.



Is Hydrogen Safe ? 



Fuel leakage 

after 3 seconds 

after 1 minute 

Hydrogen Car 

Gasoline Car 





Safety Grading of Fuels 



Property Gasoline Methane Hydrogen 

Toxicity of Fuel 3 2 1 

Toxicity of Burned Products ( CO, SOx, NOx, HC, SM ) 3 2 1 

Density 3 2 1 

Diffusion Coefficient 3 2 1 

Thermal Value 3 2 1 

Ignition Limit 1 2 3 

Combustion Temperature 3 2 1 

Flammability Point ( Temperature ) 3 1 2 

Fulmination Energy 3 2 1 

Flame Diffusion 3 2 1 

TOTAL 28 19 13 

Grades : 1 : Safest 2 : Safer 3 : Safe 







HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 





Hydrogen Production Pathways 









HYDROGEN STORAGE 





Hydrogen Storage Methods 



Hydrogen Storing Methods 

Storing in 

gaseous phase 

Storing in 

liquid phase 

Other storing 

methods 

( up to 700 bar ) 

( at – 253 C ) 

Chemical 

Hydrides 

Metal 

Hydrides 

Carbon 

Nanotubes 

Glass 

Microspheres 







HYDROGEN ECONOMY 




Hydrogen Production Costs with Various 


Methods ( Investment Cost Included ) 



Production 

Technique 

Productn 

Scale 

Small 

kg/day 

Productn 

Cost 

Small 

USD/kg 

Prodcn Scale 

Medium 

kg/day 

Prodcn Cost 

Medium 

USD/kg 

Prodcn Scale 

Large 

kg/day 

Prodcn Cost 

Large 

USD/kg 

Current Status 

of Technology 

Major 

Advantages 

Major 

Disadvantages 

NG‐Steam Refor. 480 3.51 ‐ 4.40 24.000 1.21 – 1.76 609.000 0.90 – 1.31 Currently availabl High efficiency CO2 by‐product 

Coal Gas.w/sequ. _ _ _ _ 1.200.000 0.92 – 1.19 Currently availabl Econom.favorabl CO2 by‐product 

Biomass Gasific _ _ 76.000 1.27 – 2.50 148.000 0.84 – 1.33 Currently availabl Renewable Rate limitation 

Biomass Pyrolys _ _ 76.000 1.23 – 1.45 _ _ Currently availabl Renewable Rate limitation 

Nuclear Heat _ _ _ _ 1.200.000 0.95 – 1.63 Currently availabl Fossil fuel indep. 

Wind Electrolys 480 4.33 1.200 2.86 – 4.00 _ _ Currently availabl Emission free Low overall effic. 

PV Electrolys 480 8.24 1.200 7.50 _ _ Currently availabl Emission free Low process effic. 

Thermo‐solar 

Dish ‐ H2O Split 

500 10.79 

_ _ _ _ 

Under developm. Emission free Low process effic. 

Thermo‐solar 

Tower‐H2O Split 

_ _ 10.000 5.96 _ _ Under developm. Emission free Low process effic. 

Energy Dens 

kWh/kg 

Cost w/tax 

USD/kg 

Cost w/o tax 

USD/kg 

Gasoline 13.9 3.18 0.99 

Fuel Oil ‐ 4 12.7 1.16 0.67 

Natural Gas 13.9 0.57 0.38 

Source : What will power the hydrogen economy, 

Present and Future Sources of Hydrogen Energy, 

Final Report, July 12, 2004 

Hydrogen 33.3 1.21 –7.50 _ 



Obstacles for Widespread 

Hydrogen Usage 





There is almost no hydrogen infrastructure 

Currently, high hydrogen production cost 

High product costs of hydrogen fuel cells and electrolyzers 

Difficulties and high costs in hydrogen storage 

Insufficient public acceptance of hydrogen 




Challenges for Widespread Commercialization 


of Hydrogen Usage ( DOE 2009 ) 



TECHNOLOGY BARRIERS 

Fuel Cost & Durability 

Targets : 

Stationary Systems : $ 750 per kW 

40,000 hr durability 

Vehicles : $ 30 per kW 

5,000 hr durability 

Hydrogen Cost 

Technologies 

must be 

demonstrated 

under real 

conditions 

Target : $ 2 – 3/gge, delivered 

Hydrogen Storage Capacity 

Target : 350 miles between fills 

ECONOM.& INSTITUT.BARRIERS 

Safety, Codes & Standards Development 

Public Awareness & Acceptance 

Fuel Supply & Delivery Infrastructure 




Comparison of Hydrogen Fuel Vehicles 


with Other Alternatives ? 



Hydrogen technology is the strongest alternative for decarbonising transport with some 

challenges. PEM Fuel Cells have about 40‐60% efficiency and relatively shorter lifetime 

( approx. 5000 hours ) for the time being. 

The maximum range attained recently is 350 miles between fills. 

Hydrogen has shorter refueling time ( approx. 5 min.) and more storing capacity than 

batteries, therefore more convenient for longer driving range. As the technological 

maturity develops & mass‐production starts, the costs of hydrogen vehicles will drop to 

reasonable levels. 

Hydrogen requires a new fuel supply infrastructure to be developed. 

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)are also zero carbon solutions, if renewable electricity 

is used to charge them. 

Batteries have 90% efficiency, but their size & weight, when compared with their storage 

capacity, constrain the range of BEV mostly to urban operations ( max.160 miles ). 

Long recharging times is also constraint for BEV, but their infrastructure ( electricity ) exists. 

Electricity and a more densely storable energy carrier, hydrogen, are complementary to each 

other. 



HONDA / FCX CLARITY 

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car 





Hydrogen Pressure : 350 bar 

Travel Range : 280 miles 

Starting Temperature : ‐ 30 0 C 







HYDROGEN ENERGY APPLICATIONS 





The Hydrogen Circle 







The Fuel Cell Circle 







Why Fuel Cells ? 



Fuel cells are efficient electrochemical devices that, by combining H2 & O2, 

produce electricity & heat with only pure water & air as by‐products, and 

silent as well, since there is no any rotating component. 

Energy efficiency: Fuel cells are very efficient energy converters ( up to 60% ). 

Wide range of application: 

o Fuel cells are modular technology. Can be employed from portable small 

applications (cellular phones, notebooks) to big ones like power stations. 

o Different types of fuel cells for different applications. 

o Can be used for stationary, transport & portable applications. 

o Can be used solely or in hybridised systems. 

Reduced or zero emissions GHG and Toxic Pollutants: If H2 is produced from 

RE sources, they provide an emission free energy solution. 

Energy security : Fuel cells and hydrogen can support the development of 

decentralised energy infrastructures building upon regionally available 

primary energy sources. This can reduce the dependency on oil or gas. 





Fuel Cell Types & Application Fields 



Fuel Cell Type 

Operat. 

Temp. 

( 0 C ) 

Fuel 

Effic. 

( % ) 

System 

Output 

Electrolyte 

Type 

Applications 

Alkaline 

( AFC ) 

90 – 100 

Hydrogen 

( high purity) 

60 10kW –100kW 

Potassium 

Hidroxide 

( KOH ) 

Military 

Space 

Stationary Power 

Phosphoric Acid 

( PAFC ) 

150 – 200 Natural Gas 45 50kW – 1MW 

Phosphoric 

Acid ( H 3 PO 4 ) 

Distributed generation 

Stationary power 

Proton Exchange 

Membrane ( PEM ) 

50 – 100 

Hydrogen 

( high purity) 

58 transp. 

35 station. 

1kW – 250kW 

Proton 

Exchange 

Membrane 

Back-up power ( UPS ) 

Portable power 

Small distrb.generation 

Transportation 

Stationary power ( CHP ) 

Molten Carbonate 

( MCFC ) 

600 – 700 

Natural Gas 

Syngas 

45 – 47 1kW – 1MW Molt.Carbonate Large distrb.generation 

( Li-Na-K ) 2 CO 3 Stationary power 

Direct Methanol 

( DMFC ) 

Solid Oxide 

( SOFC ) 

60 – 90 Methanol 

600 – 1000 

Natural Gas 

Syngas 

10 – 20 1W – 100kW Proton Exchg. 

Membrane 

35 – 43 1kW – 3MW Ceramic 


01- 02 July 2010, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul 


Caravans 

Auxiliary power ( APU ) 

Electric utility 

Large distrb.generation 

Stationary power ( CHP )

What is PEM Fuel Cell 

and How It Works 





Fuel cell is a highly 

efficient electrochemical 

device which converts the 

chemical energy in a fuel 

into electricity without 

prior combustion and 

without movable parts. A 

fuel cell comprises of two 

electrodes ( 

anode/cathode ) and an 

electrolyte. At the anode, 

the fuel is oxidized 

releasing electrons. The 

electrons pass through an 

external electronic circuit 

to the cathode where they 

react with oxygen. The 

process provides an 

electric current from a 

continuous supply of fuel 







FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS 





Hydrogen Fuel Cell Demonstrations 



Residential heating & electricity ( CHP ) 

Back-up power ( UPS ) 


Distributed power generation 

Cars 

Buses 

Scooters 

Bicycles 

Golf-carts 

Forklifts 

Utility vehicles 

Space vehicles 

Airplanes 

Locomotives 

Boats 

Underwater vehicles 

Portable devices ( laptop, etc.) 





Hydrogen Fuel Cell Demonstrations 







Hydrogen Vehicle Applications 



PEM Fuel Cell + 

Electric Motor 

with 

Liquified H2 

H2‐Internal Combustion 

Engine ( HICE ) 

with 

Liquified H2 

PEM Fuel Cell + 

Electric Motor 

with 

Compressed H2 

H2‐Internal Combustion 

Engine ( HICE ) 

with 

Compressed H2 



Hy‐FLEET:CUTE European Union 

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus Fleet 








Small Fuel Cell Combined Heat & Power 


( CHP ) Systems for Residential Applications 





Fuel Cell Back‐Up Power Units and 

UPS ( Uninterrupted Power Systems ) 







Fuel Cells as Battery Replacements 

( DMFC = Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ) 









Fuel Cells for Portable Devices 





Fuel Cell Combined Heat & Power 

( FC‐CHP ) System ( 1 ) 





Total efficiency : 90% ( 40% electricity + 50% heat ) 



Advantages of Fuel Cell ‐ 

Combined ( FC‐CHP ) System 











UNIDO ‐ ICHET 





Implementation of ICHET Strategies 



Raising funds for Hydrogen energy projects 

Searching and identifying committed project partners 

Forming financial ties with industrial partners 

Establishing applied R&D facilities addressing the bottlenecks of Hydrogen 

in developing world 

Calling for proposals and setting project goals 

Organizing meetings, workshops & intern programmes 

Putting the ICHET laboratories to outdoor service 

Training and educating people at various levels 

Conducting applied R&D 

Furnishing consultancy service to outdoors 

Disseminating information through publications, website & workshops 







PRE‐FEASIBILITY STUDIES 





ICHET Support to Pre‐Feasibility Studies 



Project objectives : 

to fund the pre‐feasibility studies related 

to viable hydrogen technology projects as 

10.000 USD for each study. 

Approximately, 100.000 USD yearly budget 

for 10 projects 

to set‐up proposal submission & evaluation 

framework 

Project deliverables : 

pre‐feasibility studies related to 

hydrogen technology projects 







PROJECTS 

• DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS 

• R&D PROJECTS 







DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS 

• INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS 

• DOMESTIC PROJECTS 







DelHy1‐3W 

HYDROGEN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 

THREE‐WHEELERS IN NEW DELHI/INDIA 

INTERNATIONAL PROJECT 




DelHy1‐3W 


Hydrogen I.C.E. Tri‐Wheelers in Delhi/India 




to demonstrate the effectiveness of H 2 I.C.E.in passenger 

transport (tri‐wheelers )in Pragati Meydan‐Delhi/India 

to gain customer acceptance and create public 

awareness on H 2 applications in a developing country 


to run a service of transporting visitors 

a fleet of 15 H 2 ICE‐powered tri‐wheelers 

Project status : 

MoU has already been signed 

with the project partners in 

New Delhi on 11th March 2009 

Budget requirement: 

500,000 USD by ICHET 

500,000 USD by Indian side 0 $ 

Project partners 

IIT Delhi, Mahindra&Mahindra, UNIDO‐India, Air Products/USA, ICHET 







HYDROGEN ENERGY INSTALLATIONS ON 

SMALL ISLANDS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY 

COOPERATIONS 

‘ Producing your own energy ‘ 







Hy‐sland 

COOK ISLANDS HYDROGEN PROJECT 

INTERNATIONAL PROJECT 




Hy‐slands INTERNATIONAL PROJECT 


Hydrogen Energy Installation in Cook Islands 




establish renewables (wind 

& PV) & H 2 installations 

in Aitutaki /Cook Islands 

support technology transfer 

through islands networking 

reduce fossil fuel consumptn 

create local jobs 

promote image of Green 

Aitutaki/sustainable tourism 

Budget requirement : 

Project duration : 2 years 

3.000.000 $ cash by GEF 

1.500.000 $ in‐kind by ICHET 


GEF, ICHET, UNIDO, local consultants, experts from Utsira/Norway and Keratea/Greece 







Bozca Hy‐sland 

BOZCAADA ( BOZCA ISLAND ) PROJECT 

DOMESTIC PROJECT 






Hydrogen Island Programme in Turkey 



Foreword: 

UNIDO‐ICHET has identified islands as early markets for Hydrogen energy applications and initiated 

such a project in Turkey 

Project objectives ( Bozcaada Hydrogen Project ) : 

to realize an installation on Turkish island to produce H2 from RES through electrolyzer 

to use this Hydrogen in stationary and/or transport applications 

Project deliverables ( Bozcaada Hydrogen Project ) : 

Hydrogen production, storage ( in tank/compressed 

tubes ) & use ( FC UPS, FC touristic cart, FC boat ) 

technologies local employment opportunities 


PV panels assemled, wind turbine ordered 

H2 equipment ready for bidding 


1.900.000 $ fund supplied by ICHET 


ICHET, Çanakkale Governorship 




Views from Bozcaada 










Hydrogen System Block Diagram 



20 kW PV panels 30 kW wind turbine 

Local grid 220V 

Control Strategy 

H 2 O 

H 2 

H 2 

Governor’s House 

Compressor 

25 kW PEM 

Electrolyzer 

H 2 storage cylinders @220 bar 

10 kW Fuel Cell UPS 

5 kW Fuel Cell Boat 5 kW Fuel Cell Golf-cart 

5 kW Fuel Cell UPS 

Hospital 







Hy‐Ship‐1 

HYBRID + HYDROGEN FUEL CELL PASSENGER SHIP 



Hy‐Ship‐1 

Hybrid + Hydrogen Fuel Cell Passenger Ship 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 

of The ICHET Projects 


till end of December‐2008 ( 3 ) 




to construct and operate a fuel cell powered + electrical 

battery hybrid sight‐seeing boat in Golden Horn/Istanbul 

to involve local industry to contribute 


a fuel cell boat with 50+ passengers capacity 

operational data for further implementations 


The ship design has already been completed and its 

construction started up 

German Loyd approval received 

ICHET supplies the hydrogen tanks , accessories and 

and hydrogen refueling station in Golden Horn ( Halic ) 

ICHET laboratory checks the fuel cell performance 


IMM ( Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ), ICHET, IDO ( Istanbul Seabusses Company ), 

ARPEK ( ship design ), TEKNO TASARIM ( mechanical systems design ) 




Hy‐Ship‐1 


Hybrid + Hydrogen Fuel Cell Passenger Ship 









H 2 ‐HICE Bus‐1 

HYBRID + HYDROGEN I.C.E. BUS 




Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Hybrid till + end Hydrogen of December‐2008 I.C.E. Low‐Floor ( 3 Bus ) 



Project description : 

A hybrid bus is developed with collaboration of ICHET and IMM ( Istanbul Metropolitan 

Municipality ) with the aims of not only reduce emissions under city traffic conditions but also 

providing fuel savings by increasing efficiency. The targeted energy system has a series hybrid 

configuration 

The hybrid system is consisted of battery 

pack system and a 90 kW ( 120 HP )H 2 ‐ICE 

H 2 ‐fueled bus will be operated by the 

municipality for touristical purposes 

in the historical center of Istanbul 

The bus is low‐floor type and has brake 

power regenerating system 


Project partners : ICHET, GYTE ( Gebze High Technology Institute ), YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, 

IMM ( Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ), GÜLERYÜZ ( Bus Company ), 

TEKNO TASARIM ( Design Company ) 






Components and Block Diagram 



Energy 

Storage 

HICE 

Generator 

Power 

Managm 

t 

& CAN 

system 

Electric 

Motors & 

auxiliary 

system 

Serial Hybrid HICE Bus 

Vehicle lenght : 12m 

HICE Engine power : 90 kW ( 120 HP ) 

CAN system for internal communication & control 



H‐HICE Bus‐1 

H.I.C.E. Bus Travel Route 











Hy‐Boat‐1 

HYBRID + HYDROGEN FUEL CELL BOATS 



Hy‐Boat‐1 

Hybrid + Hydrogen Fuel Cell Boat Competition 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 







to encourage universities ( about 6 universities ) by supplying the fuel cells to construct small 

boats using 8 kW fuel cell system in hybrid configuration 

to involve multi‐disciplinary engineering students for total system design, manufacture & 

integration 


6 fuel cell + hybrid boats ( dimensions limited to 7m x 3m ) in the lakes and rivers of Turkey 

precaution for cleaning of the lakes & rivers 

high visibility 

dissemination of the results 


6 design projects have been selected from 

6 diffent universities 


ICHET will supply about 500.000 $ fund for 

6 project winners 


ICHET, METU, ITU, YTU, SU, Ege Un.,Halic Un. 




Hy‐Boat‐1 


Selected Hybrid + H 2 Fuel Cell Boat Projects 



Sakarya University 

METU 

DEU 

Halic University 

ITU 

YTU 







Golden Hy‐Refuel 

HYDROGEN REFUELING STATION 




Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Hydrogen till end Refueling of December‐2008 Station ( 3 ) 




to set‐up H2 production & re‐fuelling facility to provide fuel to H2‐ship &H2 buses at 220/350 bars 

in Golden Horn, Istanbul 


high pressure ( 350/220 bars ) filling 

H2 production from PV‐based electrolysis 

hydrogen storage facility 

first hydrogen filling station in the city center which will 

refuel hydrogen fuel cell ship and hydrogen buses 


IMM allocated the area in Golden Horn to ICHET 

NG regulation & safety precautions will be applied for the station 

H2 filling & PV facilities will be operated by ISTANBUL ENERJİ 


Investment : 2.000.000 $ fund supplied by ICHET 


ICHET, IMM ( Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ), İSTANBUL ENERJİ ( municipalitan energy 

company ), İETT ( municipalitan public transport ) , İDO ( municipalitan sea transportation ) 






Location of The Hydrogen Refueling Station 



Location : Eyüp İDO Pier, Golden Horn, Istanbul 

Eyup İDO Pier 

H2 Refueling Station Site 






Hydrogen Refueling Station Components 



50 kW PV panels 

Local electricity grid 220V 

Electrolyzer ( 30 Nm 3 /h ) 

Compressor 

Hydrogen storage tanks ( 100kg@350 bar ) 

Hydrogen dispenser ( @220&350 bar ) 

Hydrogen production cost : 9 USD/kg 

H 2 O 

H 2 

Control Strategy 

H 2 

storage 

@20 bars 

H 2 

10 kW Fuel Cell 

UPS 

30 Nm 3 or 

150 kW 

Electrolyzer 

Compressor 

Storage in 

cylinders 

H 2 refueling 

@ 220 & 350 bar 

HICE Bus 

FC sightseeing boat 







ALREADY COMPLETED PROJECTS 

DOMESTIC PROJECTS 



Hy‐Scoot‐1 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Hybrid till + end Hydrogen of December‐2008 Fuel Cell Scooter ( 3 ) 




to install fuel cells & necessary fuel and control elements into a scooter 

to encourage more people to participate in similar projects 


Tri‐Wheeler FC – Electrical Hybrid 

Scooter for handicapped people 


project has been completed and 

introduced to public on 02nd April 2009 

with a ceremony 

Project completion : COMPLETED in 

April‐2009 


ICHET, TAGEM, Sakarya University 



Hy‐Cart‐1 

Hybrid + Hydrogen Fuel Cell Passenger Cart 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 







converting fossil fuel powered small passenger cart into 

a fuel cell + battery powered hybrid power train to 

demonstrate in public places and activities 


passenger cart operating 

with hydrogen fuel cells 

dissemination of the 

results 


project has been completed 

and introduced to public 

on 02nd April 2009 with a 

ceremony 

Project partners : ICHET 



H 2 ‐UPS‐1 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Hydrogen till end Fuel of Cell December‐2008 UPS in İDO ( 3 ) 




to introduce environmentally friendly energy 

technologies in daily life through demonstrations 


two 5 kW UPS system in 

different locations 

public awareness on 

applications of Hydrogen 

& fuel cell technologies 

to encourage local 

companies to take part in 

assembly & supply chain 


project has been completed 

and introduced to public on 

02nd April 2009 with a ceremony 

Project partners : ICHET, IDO 



H 2 ‐UPS‐2 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Hydrogen till end Fuel of Cell December‐2008 UPS in Ayasofya ( 3 ) 




to introduce environmentally friendly energy technologies in daily life through demonstrations 


5 kW UPS system in different locations 

public awareness on applications of 

Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies 

to encourage local companies to 

take part in assembly & supply chain 


project equipments are ready for installation 

official permission has been received to start 

the installation 


ICHET, Ayasofya Management 




H 2 ‐UPS 


Typical Fuel Cell Backup Power System 



Pressurized H2 

Clean Exhaust and Waste Heat 

DC/DC Converter 

Regulated DC 

H 2 

Fuel Cell 

Stack 

PEMFC 

Air 



Hy‐Lift‐1 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Hydrogen till end Fuel of Cell December‐2008 Powered Forklift ( 3 ) 




to design aprototype forklift using a 8kW fuel cell and 

suitable hydrogen storage systems to fit within the 

existing battery compartment 

to provide consistent & abundant power while releasing 

no harmful emission 

to conduct trial runs and demonstrations 

to submit healthy ambiance to the forklift operator 


design & production of forklift & procurement of fuel cell 

a 1.5 ton lifting forklift 

operational trials and demonstration 


project has been completed and introduced to public 

on 02nd April 2009 with a ceremony 

Project partners : ICHET,ÇUMİTAŞ, HYDROGENIX, WEH, LINDE 




Hy‐Lift‐1 


Fuel Cell Powered Pack – Forklift Connection 



FCPP 

FORKLIFT 

AIR/BLOWER 

ULTRA CAPS 

Aux Motor 

H 2 Tank 

FCPM 

STACK 

DC CHARGING 

CONTROLLER 

Regen 

Tractio 

n 

Drive 

Motor 

PRODUCT 

WATER 

PRODUCT 

HEAT 

OTHER 

FORKLIFT 

ELECTRONICS 

WATER TANK 

FOGGER 

RADIATOR 

FAN 



RE‐M H 2 ouse‐1 

Renewable Energy‐Hydrogen Mobile House 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 







to demonstrate a combined use of hybrid energy system to 

produce electricity through solar, wind & PEM fuel cell and 

produce hydrogen through electrolysis and use it for cooking 

& electricity production ( when there is no wind or sun ) 

through fuel cell in daily life 


mobile house with solar ( 800W ), wind turbine ( 1‐3 kW ), 

electrolyzer ( 1 lt/min ), fuel cell ( 2kW ), hydrogen cooker 


project has been completed and introduced 

to public on 02nd April 2009 with a ceremony 


ICHET,ANELGROUP 




RE‐M H 

FOR HYDROGEN 2 ouse‐1 

ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES 

Renewable Energy‐H 2 Mobile House Interior 



Kitchen & H 2 Cooker 

H 2 Cylinders 

1-3 kW 

Wind Turbine 

Battery Bank 

Fuel Cell 

Bath & WC 

Living Room 

Electrolyze 

r 







HYDROGEN PROJECTS INAUGURATION DAY 

( 02rd April 2009 ) 



Hydrogen Projects Inauguration Day 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



at İDO till Ferry end of Terminal December‐2008 on 02nd April ( 32009 

) 









FORTHCOMING PROJECTS 







Eco‐Caravan 

RENEWABLE ENERGY‐HYDROGEN MOTO‐CARAVAN 




Next Project : 


Renewable Energy‐Hydrogen Eco‐Caravan 



1-3 kW Telescobic 

Wind Turbine 

800 W Tiltable 

PV Panel 




Eco‐Caravan 


Target Audience and Application Areas 



TARGET AUDIENCE ( in Turkey & Neighbor Countries ) : 

Public organizations 

Local Non‐Governmental Organizations ( NGO ) 

Students 

Municipalities 

Private sector representatives and industrialists 

APPLICATION AREAS: 

Disaster coordination headquarters 

Meeting hall 

House 

Power Supply 

Training center 

Small clinic 




Eco‐Caravan 


Superiorities and Novelties of The Project 



First caravan in Turkey furnished with hybrid energy system 

Easiness for reaching the target audience due to mobility 

Completely independent ‘off-grid’ system 

Introduction of RE to target audience through active training 

Electronic and mechanic power system design specific to system 

Short time-to-market with serial production planning 







Mob‐Hy‐Fill‐1 

MOBILE HYDROGEN REFUELING UNIT 



Mob‐Hy‐Fill‐1 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Mobile till end Hydrogen of December‐2008 Refueling Unit ( 3 ) 




to set‐up a small hydrogen refueling unit to provide fuel to demonstration vehicles of ICHET 

and to fill up metal hydride cylinders at low pressures 

to support local hydrogen need at various sites where there is no hydrogen supply 

first mobile hydrogen filling unit with electrolyzer 


high ( 220 bar ) and 

low ( 15‐20 bar ) 

pressure mobile 

H2 filling unit 


project is started 

Duration : 2 years 

500.000 $ fund 

supplied by ICHET 


ICHET, TÜBİTAK/MAM 







POTENTIAL PROJECTS 



Financial 


Hydrogen 

Status 

FOR HYDROGEN Fuel 


ENERGY Cell +Hybrid TECHNOLOGIES Air Vehicle 





fuel cell technology will be demonstrated in a small‐scale aerial application for environmental 

monitoring purpose 


purchased fuel cell 

purchased remote controlled air vehicle 

integrated system 


project is pending depending on the 

budget availability 


ICHET, external 



Financial 


Hybrid FOR HYDROGEN + Hydrogen 

Status of The ICHET Projects 

ENERGY Fuel TECHNOLOGIES Cell Locomotive 





to introduce hydrogen fuel cell & hybrid technologies operating on a locomotive 

to provide contribution to the duration of clean energy technologies 

to process hydrogen fuel via fuel cells thus avoiding pollutant gases 

to produce hydrogen locally through coal gasification 


to demonstrate a fuel cell & hybrid 

powered locomotive fed from 

compressed hydrogen tubes 


project is pending depending on the 

budget availability and the decision of MENR 


MENR, ICHET, TÜBİTAK/MAM, TKİ, TCDD, TÜLOMSAŞ 







R&D PROJECTS 



Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



till Applied end of R&D December‐2008 / Research Areas ( 3 ) 



Fuel cells 

o Characterization and testing 

o System design and controls 

o Application specific integration 

Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines 

Hydrogen storage & transport 

o Storage in Metal hydrides 

o Storage in Borohydrides ( e.g. NaBH 4 storage ) 

o Transport in PVC‐based piping 

Hydrogen production 

o Water electrolysis 

o From biomass 

o Photo‐electrochemical water splitting 

o Coal gasification 

o Water decomposition through concentrated solar 







R&D PROJECT COMPETITIONS : 

• FC‐CHP‐1 

FUEL CELL C.H.P. SYSTEM 

• Hy‐Cell‐1 ) 

FUEL CELL DEVELOPMENT 

• HyThane‐ICE‐1 

HICE & HY‐THANE ENGINE DEVELOPMENT 

• HyThane‐3/4W 

SPARK IGNITION ENGINE POWERED BY HY‐THANE 



FC‐CHP‐1 

Fuel Cell CHP ( 3 kW )System Development 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 







locally produce 3 kW Fuel Cell‐Combined Heat & Power 

System, which is supposed to be the normal requirement 

of a house, through consortia competition 

collaborative applied research towards product 

developing local jobs and industry 


3kWFC‐CHP system to be used in a normal house 

technical & economical analysis report 


a call for proposals for a competition 

amoung consortia composed of 

universities & R&D institutes & 

private companies has been started 


500.000 $ fund supplied by ICHET 

Project partners : ICHET, Nigde University + VESTEL Company ( the selected consortium ) 



Hy‐Cell‐1 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



Local till Fuel end Cell of ( December‐2008 3 kW ) Development ( 3 ) 




locally produce 3 kW Proton Exchange Member ( PEM ) or 

Solid Oxyde ( SOFC )fuel cell through consortia 

collaborative applied research towards product 

developing local jobs and industry 


3 kW PEM or SO fuel cell system 

technical and economical analysis report 


a call for proposals for a competition 

amoung consortia composed of 

universities & R&D institutes & 

private companies has been started 




ICHET, universities, R/D institutes, companies 



Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 




Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production 




to develop a high efficiency photoelectrochemical cell through consortium 

to constitute a scientific & economic base to industrial scale H2 production from solar energy 

to assess the feasibility of hydrogen production in large amounts 


to demonstrate an operating photoelectrochemical cell 

technical &economic analysis 


four consortia ( composed of 

universities+ R&D institutes+ private 

sectors ) submitted proposals. 

Best one will be selected by a jury 




ICHET, universities 



Hy‐ICE‐1 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 



HICE till & HyThane end of December‐2008 Engine Development ( 3 ) 




to support the conversion of a 30 kW Spark Ignition Engine to a 

Hydrogen‐fuelled Internal Combustion Engine ( HICE = Hydrogen 

Internal Combustion Engine )with its accessories 

to create public awareness on applications of hydrogen on field 

to encourage local companies to invest in hydrogen energy 

technologies 

to gain experience on HICE applications ( forklift, electro‐genset, etc.) in Turkey 


a 30 kW targeted internal combustion engine ( HICE ) running on 100% 

hydrogen fuel will be developed and be used on forklift, electro‐genset, 

and vehicles 


project has been started 




ICHET, Erciyes University, Kocaeli University, Uludag University 



HyThane‐ICE‐1 

Spark Ignition Engine Powered by Hythane 

Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 







to demonstrate the benefits of the use of hydrogen in a fuel 

mixture ( 5 to 30 % ) ( hythane = natural gas + hydrogen mixture ) 

in spark ignition ( gasoline ) engines 

to run an on‐road application of vehicles with hythane engines 

to gain experience on hythane applications in Turkey 


a 30 kW targeted spark ignition engine running on 

hythane ( 5 to 30% hydrogen + natural gas ) 

hythane‐fueled vehicles 


project has been started 

Budget requirement is stated on the former slide 


ICHET, Erciyes University, Kocaeli University, Uludag University, 




International 

Financial Status 

FOR HYDROGEN Project 


ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Partners of ICHET 







Domestic 

Financial 

FOR HYDROGEN Project 


ENERGY Partners TECHNOLOGIES of ICHET 










GENERAL ACTIVITIES 



Financial 


Laboratory 

Status 

FOR HYDROGEN Infrastructure 






Fuel Cell Testing Lab 

o Equipment purchased and installed in the 

basement of present facility; capable of fuel 

cell testing and diagnostic from single cell to 

12 kW stack 

Hydrogen Production & Storage 

o Two 600 cc/min and one 18 lit/min electrolyzers 

o MH cylinders for storage 

Hydrogen Analytical Testing Lab 

o FTIR & UV‐Visible Spectrometers 

o Porosimetry & Gas Adsorption Analyzers 

o Thermo‐Gravimetric Analyzer 

o Scanning Calorimeter & Gas Chromatograph 

o Glove box 



Financial 


Laboratory 

Status 

FOR HYDROGEN Training 


ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Programmes 




Two‐day short courses covering hydrogen & fuel cells 

o individuals from universities, industry & government receive 

practical training 

o laboratory sessions, to provide hands‐on training opportunities 

o 35 attendants from universities, companies participated a twoday 

short course covering hydrogen & fuel cells basics with 

laboratory sessions organized by ICHET 

Since 2007, three short courses with 120+ participants 

International Summer School on PEM fuel cells 

o 12 countries with 50+ participants 

o one week long 

o 10 instructors from Europe 

o 40 international students from Italy, Iran, South Africa, 

Hungary, Bulgaria, Croatia & Turkey participated the 

International summer school organized by ICHET on PEMFC 

jointly with JRC 

o 3 days lectures + 2 days laboratory 



Financial 


External FOR HYDROGEN Collaboration 






Project objectives: 

more active involvement to participate in H2 & fuel cell community activities, in trade shows/ 

exhibitions/associations/member organizations 

to collaborate with institutions in the developed/developing countries ( Germany, S.Africa, India, 

China, UAE, D8 countries ) 

Regular Interns, part‐time contracts : 

since 2005, more than 70 enginers, MS and PhD students with contract 

post‐doctoral stays from India, Pakistan (2), Iraq, Germany, USA, Egypt and Turkey (2) 

Summer Internship programs : 

more than 30 Interns from Turkish universities spent average 20 days at ICHET 

Signed : 

Joint Technology Initiative ( JTI ) and Research Grouping for Fuel Cells & Hydrogen ( N.ERGHY ) 

IPHE, IEA‐HIA, EC, JRC, Institute for Energy 

Black Sea Economic Cooperation ( BSEC ) 

EU / FP7: 

Submitted several joint research proposals to FP7 programme ( 7 ) 



Financial 

INTERNATIONAL 

Status 

CENTRE 




Hydrogen Conferences, Seminars & Workshops 



Hydrogen energy education workshops : 

o over 800 physics, chemistry & biology teachers 

from various schools and universities since 2006 

Participated and supported programmes : 

IPHE‐International Partnership for Hydrogen Energy Forum, 22‐23 April 2008, Moscow, Russia 

WHEC ‐ 17 th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, 15‐19 June 2008, Brisbane, Australia 

ECOSOC (United Nations Economic and Social Council ), 30 June‐02 July 2008, New York, USA 

2 nd China International Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Expo 2008, 07‐09 August 2008, Shanghai, China 

4 th Annual Fuel Cells & Hydrogen General Assembly in Brussels, 14‐15 October 2008 

WFES‐2009 World Future Energy Summit, 09‐11 January 2009, Abu Dhabi, UAE 

Hannover Messe 2009, 20‐23 April 2009, Hannover, Germany 

ICCI– 4 th Internat.Energy & Environmen.Technol.Syst.Fair & Confer., 15‐17.May 2008, Istanbul 

IEC‐2009, International Energy Conference, 08‐09 October 2009, Ankara, Turkey 



Financial 


Sponsorships 


FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY & Internships 

TECHNOLOGIES 




Project objectives: 

to give scientists from developing countries opportunity to participate in 

hydrogen & fuel cell related trainings & internships 

hydrogen technology dissemination in developing countries 

Project deliverables: 

a number of summer interns 

student sponsorship to participate at ICHET activities 

internship programmes for 2009; 

o 2 post‐doc. interships from China 

o 1 Korean student from Texas University for 2 months 

o 2 days accomodation for 20 international students 

o 5 local summer internships 

o 2 short hydrogen course for 30 students 

2008 programme ( completed ); 

o summer interns to 3students from Turkey 

o national support to 60 students from Turkey 

o international support to 20 students from various countries 







FURTHER PROJECTS 



Financial 


Further FOR HYDROGEN Projects 






Development of a 5 lt/min electrolyzer with Nigde University and HİDRONERJİ for 

aiming to decrease its cost. 

Development of a 350 bar hydrogen storage tubes ( with internal aluminum liner & 

outer carbon fiber weaving ) for transport vehicles in 2009 together with Barış Elektrik 

( Ankara )&Bahçeşehir University & ELİMSAN for aiming to decrease its cost. 

Development of 1 m 3 metal hydride tubes ( d= 8 cm, h= 30 cm ) to store hydrogen 

together with Middle East Technical University for aiming to decrease its cost. 

Development of medium scale ( 5 –10 kW ) FC‐UPS systems for remote telecom 

stations. 

Dalyan ( a touristical region in Turkey ) Clean Environment Project with UNDP and 

The Ministry of Environment & Forestry of Turkey. 

Converting Istanbul/Atatürk Airport to Green Airport Project with Turkish Airlines. 

Hydrogen production from ammonia in collaboration with UOIT. 

Mixing hydrogen ( up to 20% ) with NG and transporting the mixture ( Hy‐Thane ) in 

the NG pipelines. The project partners are BOTAŞ, TPAO. 




Dalyan Protected Area Renewable 


Solar and Hydrogen Installation 






Green Airport ( Renewable Energy 


& Hydrogen Installation ) 



100 kW PV panels 

4 kW FC UPS 

FC Cart 

H2 refueller 

FC Bus 

FC Forklift 




Green Airport ( Renewable Energy 


& Hydrogen Installation ) 





Financial 


New FOR HYDROGEN Visions 






To support/participate the sample projects which aim clean/zero emission 

districts/ports/airports, etc. in the cities, e.g. Masdar City Project. 

To support the clean transportation projects such like HICE / HICE+BEV / 

HyThane / FC/FC+BEV / H2+Gasoline ICE Vehicles. 

To support the clean lakes/rivers/bays projects. 

To encourage the projects aiming to produce cheaper hydrogen, such as 

coal/biomass gasification, NG reforming, biogas‐hydrogen, RE concentrated 

solar+water decomposition, etc. 

To support the projects aiming green houses, mobile houses/caravans for 

disaster areas/touristic purposes. 

To support the projects leading to green industry. 







CONCLUSIONS 





Conclusions 



ICHET ; 

As a non‐profit organization, aims to support developing countries ‘leap‐frog’ 

over conventional energy technologies to hydrogen. 

More collaboration with UNIDO and MENA countries for implementation of 

hydrogen technoloy projects in developing countries. 

To support/participate the sample projects which aim clean/zero emission 

districts/ports/airports, etc. in the cities, e.g. Masdar City Project. 

To support the clean/green transportation projects such like H 2 ICE / 

HICE+Electric Hybrid / HyThane /Fuel Cell /Fuel Cell+Electric Hybrid Vehicles. 

To support the green industry and green living projects. 

ICHET’s Technical Team has experience to take part and leadership in hydrogen 

projects on the world. 

ICHET hopes to receive additional funding from various sources to survive the 

centre and the projects in the next future 













THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 

Dr. Mustafa Hatipoglu 

mhatipoglu@unido‐ichet.org

projects - International Hydrail Conference

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