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BCCWJ
∗
Annotating Predicate-Argument Structure and Anaphoric Relations
to BCCWJ
Mamoru Komachi (Nara Institute of Science and Technology)
Ryu Iida (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
1
Gildea and Jurafsky (2002)
(Semantic role labeling) Fillmore and Baker (2000)
PropBank (Palmer et al., 2005)
CoNLL (Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning)
2004–2005, 2008–2009
CoNLL 2011 PropBank
OntoNotes (Hovy et al., 2006)
(Harabagiu et al., 2005; Surdeanu et al., 2003)
Meyers et al. (2004a) NomBank (Meyers et al., 2004c,b)
(Gerber and Chai, 2010) ACL
4.0 (Kawahara et al., 2002)
GDA (Hasida, 2005) agent theme
NAIST (, 2010)
3.0
KNB (, 2009)
(2009)
BCCWJ
(, 2010) NAIST
(, 2004)
∗ komachi@is.naist.jp

1: BCCWJ
V V
V V V
V V
V V
V
2 BCCWJ
2.1
BCCWJ NAIST
1.5β(, 2010) 1
2
agent theme PropBank
ARG0 ARG1 NAIST
(1)
4.0 =, =
, ==
, =
3 =
1
(2)
=, =
NAIST FrameNet NOMLEX (Macleod
et al., 1997, 1998)
(2007); (2008)
4 (, 2004)
(3)
1 http://cl.naist.jp/ ∼ ryu-i/coreference tag.html
2 https://sites.google.com/site/naistcorpus/predicate tag
3
4 http://cl.it.okayama-u.ac.jp/rsc/lcs

3
==
(4)
0.902 5 (, 2007)
2.2
(5)
6
(6)
(2010) /
4
2.3
BCCWJ
2
(7) iPhone
(8) iPad
iPad
Mitkov (2002) identity-ofreference
anaphora (IRA) identityof-sense
anaphora (ISA)
5 http://cl.it.okayama-u.ac.jp/rsc/data/index.html
6 +

2: BCCWJ 4
PN 478 5,730 127,077 A
PB 55 4,691 113,399 A
OW 30 2,414 100,396 A
OC 938 6,402 103,188 B
BCCWJ NAIST (, 2010)
IRA
NAIST bridging reference (Inoue et al., 2010)
BCCWJ NAIST
2.4
2011 2 7 BCCWJ
2 UniDic 1.3.12 7 MeCab 0.98 8
9 90 1,653 (2010)
3 A NAIST
B,C
A-B (2010)
8 A-C
A-B C
A-C
NomBank
(, 2010)
7 https://www.tokuteicorpus.jp/dist/index.php
8 http://mecab.sourceforge.net/

3:
A-B
A-C
87.1 (155/178) 89.6 (155/173) 80.1 (133/166) 76.9 (133/173)
80.4 (123/153) 100.0 (123/123) 96.2 (101/105) 100.0 (101/101)
96.3 (77/80) 98.7 (77/80) 85.3 (58/68) 96.7 (58/60)
82.1 (23/28) 88.5 (23/26) 90.5 (19/21) 59.4 (19/32)
93.9 (93/99) 84.5 (93/110) 72.9 (70/96) 63.6 (70/110)
83.5 (76/91) 100.0 (76/76) 80.0 (32/40) 100.0 (32/32)
59.0 (13/22) 100.0 (13/13) 52.4 (11/21) 73.3 (11/15)
77.8 (7/9) 100.0 (7/7) 50.0 (4/8) 100.0 (4/4)
3
NAIST
BCCWJ NAIST
OntoNotes (Hovy et al., 2006) BCCWJ
90%
BCCWJ NAIST
90%Slate (
, 2010)
Fillmore, Charles J. and Collin F. Baker (2000) “FrameNet: Frame semantics meets the corpus,” in Proceedings
of the 74th Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America.
Gerber, Matthew and Joyce Y. Chai (2010) “Beyond NomBank: a Study of Implicit Arguments for Nominal
Predicates,” in Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics,
pp. 1583–1592.
Gildea, Daniel and Daniel Jurafsky (2002) “Automatic Labeling of Semantic Roles,” Computational Linguistics,
Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 245-288.
Harabagiu, Sanda, Cosmin Adrian Bejan, and Paul Morarescu (2005) “Shallow Semantics for Relation
Extraction,” in Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
(IJCAI ’05), pp. 1061–1066.
Hasida, Koiti (2005) GDA 0.74
http://i-content.org/gda/tagman.html

Hovy, Eduard, Mitchell Marcus, Martha Palmer, Lance Ramshaw, and Ralph Weischedel (2006)
“OntoNotes: The 90% Solution,” in Proceedings of the Human Language Technology Conference of
the North American Chapter of the ACL, pp. 57–60.
Inoue, Naoya, Ryu Iida, Kentaro Inui, and Yuji Matsumoto (2010) “Resolving Direct and Indirect Anaphora
for Japanese Definite Noun Phrases,” Journal of Natural Language Processing, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 221–
246.
Kawahara, Daisuke, Sadao Kurohashi, and Koiti Hasida (2002) “Construction of a Japanese Relevancetagged
Corpus,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation
(LREC), pp. 2008–2013.
Macleod, Catherine, Ralph Grishman, Adam Meyers, Leslie Barrett, and Ruth Reeves (1998) “NOMLEX:
A Lexicon of Nominalizations,” in Proceedings of Euralex98, pp. 187–193.
Macleod, Cathrine, Adam Meyers, Ralph Grishman, Leslie Barret, and Ruth Reeves (1997) “Designing a
Dictionary of Derived Nominals,” in Proceedings of Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing,
pp. 142–151.
Meyers, Adam, Ruth Reeves, Catherine Macleod, Rachel Szekely, Veronika Zielinska, Brian Young, and
Ralph Grishman (2004a) “Annotating Noun Argument Structure for NomBank,” in Proceedings of the
4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 803–806.
Meyers, Adam, Ruth Reeves, and Catherine Macleod (2004b) “NP-External Arguments: A Study of Argument
Sharing in English,” in Proceedings of the ACL 2004 Workshop on Multiword Expressions:
Integrating Processing, pp. 96-103.
Meyers, Adam, Ruth Reeves, Catherine Macleod, Rachel Szekely, Veronika Zielinska, Brian Young,
and Ralph Grishman (2004c) “The NomBank Project: An Interim Report,” in Proceedings of the
HLT/NAACL 2004 Workshop Frontiers in Corpus Annotation, pp. 24–31.
Mitkov, Ruslan ed. (2002) Anaphora Resolution, Studies in Language and Linguistics: Peason Education.
Palmer, Martha, Paul Kingsbury, and Daniel Gildea (2005) “The Proposition Bank: An Annotated Corpus
of Semantic Roles,” Computational Linguistics, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 71–106.
Surdeanu, Mihai, Sanda Harabagiu, John Williams, and Paul Aaseth (2003) “Using Predicate-Argument
Structures for Information Extraction,” in Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for
Computational Linguistics (ACL), pp. 8–15.
(2009)
21
(2009)
15 614–617 http://nlp.kuee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/
∼ hasimoto/KNBC v1.0 090925.tar.bz2
(2010)
17 1 141–159
(2007)
13 286–289
(2008)
14 1152–1155
(2004) 10
576–579
(2007)
13 859–862
Dain Kaplan (2010) Slate
2010-NL-199 1–10
(2010)
: NAIST 17 2 25–50