Gasification of biomass for syngas generation at ETC -MMarklund ...
Gasification of biomass for syngas generation at ETC -MMarklund ...
Gasification of biomass for syngas generation at ETC -MMarklund ...
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<strong>Gasific<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> <strong>of</strong> Biomass <strong>for</strong><br />
Syngas <strong>gener<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> <strong>at</strong> <strong>ETC</strong><br />
Magnus Marklund<br />
Senior Scientist/Group Leader<br />
<strong>ETC</strong><br />
Final HighBIO seminar in Kokkola<br />
May 24, 2011<br />
Energy Technology Centre
Energy Technology Centre<br />
in Piteå, Sweden<br />
Research found<strong>at</strong>ion founded 1989<br />
Applied research and consultancy<br />
Focus on bio-based combustion,<br />
gasific<strong>at</strong>ion and bio-refining<br />
Currently 16 employees<br />
Independent R&D partner<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
2
<strong>ETC</strong> Research Topics<br />
Pre-tre<strong>at</strong>ment & feeding<br />
Oper<strong>at</strong>ion& Sampling<br />
Process modeling<br />
Conversion analyses<br />
Spray characteriz<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Syngas upgrading<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
3
<strong>Gasific<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> projects 2011<br />
MiUn @ Härnösand<br />
Wood 150 kWth<br />
DME<br />
SAKAB @ Kumla<br />
Wood 300 MWth(?)<br />
Methanol, SNG<br />
Värmlandsmetanol @<br />
Hag<strong>for</strong>s<br />
Wood 107 MWth<br />
100 000 ton/y Methanol<br />
Gbg Energi @ Göteborg<br />
Wood 20 → 80 MWth<br />
SNG<br />
Chalmers @ Göteborg<br />
pilot<br />
Wood 4 MWth<br />
Eon @ Helsingborg(?)<br />
Wood 200 MWth<br />
SNG<br />
Chemrec @ Piteå pilot<br />
Black liquor 3 MWth<br />
DME 4 ton/day<br />
IVAB @ Piteå pilot<br />
Forest residue 1 MWth<br />
MEVA @ Piteå pilot<br />
Wood pellets 500 kWth<br />
MEVA @ Hortlax demo<br />
Wood pellets 4 MWth<br />
CHP 1 MWel<br />
Domsjö @ Övik demo<br />
Black liquor 200 MWth<br />
DME/MeOH ∼280 ton/day<br />
KTH @ Stockholm pilot<br />
Wood 800 kWth, CHP<br />
VVBGC @ Värnamo<br />
Wood 18 MWth<br />
SNG, FT<br />
Energy Technology Centre
Smurfit Kappa<br />
Kraftliner Bio-<br />
Power boiler<br />
Site View!<br />
Smurfit Kappa<br />
Kraftliner<br />
Chemrec<br />
DP1<br />
Solander Science Park<br />
<strong>ETC</strong><br />
BioDME<br />
<strong>Gasific<strong>at</strong>ion</strong><br />
Centre<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
5
Forest feedstock in Sweden<br />
Today’s use <strong>of</strong> <strong>for</strong>est<br />
feedstock in Sweden<br />
Residues<br />
70 TWh<br />
Black liquor<br />
40 TWh<br />
*Million tons dry <strong>biomass</strong><br />
Source:<br />
Biomassaflöden i svensk<br />
skogsnäring 2004,<br />
Per Olov Nilsson.<br />
Rapport 23-2006<br />
Skogsstyrelsen<br />
ISSN 1100-0295<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
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Wh<strong>at</strong> about sustainability?<br />
2 000<br />
RME<br />
3 800<br />
4 500<br />
Ethanol from whe<strong>at</strong><br />
Ethanol from wood<br />
5 300<br />
Synthetic diesel from wood<br />
6 500<br />
9 000<br />
11 000<br />
km<br />
ha, yr<br />
Synthetic Diesel - black liquor<br />
DME / Methanol<br />
Could<br />
- wood<br />
replace ~45 % <strong>of</strong> today's<br />
fossil use in Sweden by 2050!<br />
DME / Methanol - black liquor<br />
Source: Volvo AB<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
7
Direct <strong>biomass</strong> gasific<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
IVAB Gasifier<br />
Pilot plant <strong>for</strong> direct gasific<strong>at</strong>ion <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>biomass</strong> powder to <strong>syngas</strong> (CO + H 2<br />
)<br />
Situ<strong>at</strong>ed in <strong>ETC</strong> <strong>Gasific<strong>at</strong>ion</strong> Centre<br />
Based on the PEBG concept<br />
R&D perfomed by <strong>ETC</strong> and LTU<br />
Objective: To verify the technology<br />
concept <strong>for</strong> future commercializ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
8
Driving <strong>for</strong>ces<br />
“A concept <strong>for</strong> ‘shortest<br />
way’ from <strong>for</strong>est residue to<br />
valuable <strong>syngas</strong>!”<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
9
Plant<br />
FLARE<br />
Nominal plant capacity: 1<br />
MW <strong>at</strong> 10 bar<br />
Oxygen blown<br />
gasific<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Refractory lined reactor<br />
oper<strong>at</strong>ing <strong>at</strong> 1200–1500<br />
°C<br />
Bubbling quench <strong>for</strong><br />
cooling and separ<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Flaring <strong>of</strong> the product<br />
gas (side stream <strong>for</strong><br />
analysis)<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
10
Main R&D Challanges<br />
Efficient fuel powder prepar<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
Robust and stable fuel feeding<br />
Durable construction m<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
Minimize oxygen consumption<br />
Safe and stable process control<br />
Control <strong>of</strong> the varying fuel<br />
chemistry<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
11
Fuel m<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
Pine [wt-%]<br />
dry basis<br />
Spruce [wt-%]<br />
dry basis<br />
Stem wood 69 59<br />
Tops and branches 16 27<br />
Stubs and roots 15 14<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
12
Fuel m<strong>at</strong>erials<br />
Stem wood 1 Bark Stumps Wood chips Wood pellets<br />
Ash<br />
0.4-0.5 3.5-8 1.5-17.8 0.8-1.4 0.4-1.5<br />
[dry wt-%]<br />
Moisture 5-60 45-65 26-57 20-50 7-12<br />
[wt%]<br />
Lower he<strong>at</strong>ing 18.5-20 18.0-23 19.2-19.4 16.2-19<br />
value, LCV<br />
[MJ/kg]<br />
Density 390-640 320 250-350, 500-780<br />
[kg/m 3 ]<br />
320-450 2<br />
Vol<strong>at</strong>ile >70 69.6-77.2 76-86 >70<br />
m<strong>at</strong>ter [wt-%]<br />
Ash melting 1400-1700 1300-1700 1000-1400 >1120<br />
point [°C]<br />
C [dry wt-%] 48-52 48-52 50-53 47-52 48-52<br />
H [dry wt-%] 6.2-6.4 4.6-6.8 5.7-7.2 6.1-6.3 6.0-6.4<br />
N [dry wt-%] 0.1-0.5 0.3-0.8 0.1-0.2
Plant Commissioning<br />
Steps:<br />
1.1 Cold process with just nitrogen throughput <strong>at</strong> <strong>at</strong>mospheric pressure.<br />
1.2 Calibr<strong>at</strong>ion tests <strong>of</strong> the feeding and burner system in the plant.<br />
1.3 Cold process with just nitrogen throughput <strong>at</strong> 5 bara pressure.<br />
1.4 Cold process with nitrogen and steam wood powder <strong>at</strong> <strong>at</strong>mospheric pressure.<br />
1.5 Controlled he<strong>at</strong> up <strong>of</strong> lining to 1000 C.<br />
1.6 Warm process with just nitrogen throughput <strong>at</strong> 5 bara pressure.<br />
1.7 Warm process with ‘synthetic air’ (oxygen/nitrogen blended) and steam<br />
wood powder <strong>at</strong> <strong>at</strong>mospheric pressure.<br />
1.8 Warm process with ‘synthetic air’ (oxygen/nitrogen blended) and steam wood<br />
powder <strong>at</strong> 2 bara pressure.<br />
1.9 Warm process with pure oxygen and different wood powders up to 5 bara<br />
pressure<br />
Primarily, bark, stumps and wood residues<br />
from pulp mills will be tested.<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
14
Plant Commissioning<br />
Feeding r<strong>at</strong>e (kg/h)<br />
Feeding calibr<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
70<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
0 5 10 15 20 25<br />
Feeding speed (-)<br />
Axel 1<br />
Axel 1 + 2<br />
Axel 2<br />
Mean<br />
Linear (Mean)<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
15
Plant Commissioning<br />
Camera view in reactor during he<strong>at</strong>ing<br />
Reactor shell temper<strong>at</strong>ure<br />
Lining<br />
He<strong>at</strong>er<br />
Flenge<br />
Shell<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
16
Plant Commissioning<br />
So far:<br />
Combustion experiments with ’synthetic’ air per<strong>for</strong>med<br />
~8 h accumul<strong>at</strong>ed runtime<br />
Improved control and stability achieved<br />
Highest oper<strong>at</strong>ed temper<strong>at</strong>ure 1350 C<br />
Slightly pressurised ~0.5 barg<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
17
• Test av 10 Volvo lastbilar<br />
• Syntesgas från Chemrecs svartlutsförgasare 4 ton DME / dygn<br />
Bio-<br />
DME<br />
2008-12<br />
European Project BioDME<br />
7th Framework Programme 18
Field test<br />
Partners:<br />
• 10 Volvo DME trucks in customer oper<strong>at</strong>ion<br />
• Demonstr<strong>at</strong>e and verify DME technology in real applic<strong>at</strong>ions<br />
• Planned yearly distance 100 000 km per truck (average)<br />
Piteå<br />
Field test<br />
Stockholm<br />
Göteborg<br />
Jönköping<br />
European Project BioDME<br />
7th Framework Programme 19
The DP-1 Gasifier<br />
• 3 MW thermal power (20 ton BL/day)<br />
• 30 bar, 1000 ºC<br />
• Accumul<strong>at</strong>ed run time > 12 000 hours<br />
Energy Technology Centre
DP-1 Plant<br />
BLACK LIQUOR<br />
OXYGEN AND<br />
ATOMIZING MEDIA<br />
COOLING<br />
WATER<br />
SULFUR<br />
REMOVAL<br />
GAS COOLER<br />
WHITE<br />
LIQUOR<br />
REACTOR<br />
RAW<br />
GAS<br />
QUENCH<br />
GREEN<br />
LIQUOR<br />
CLEAN, COOL<br />
SYNTHESIS<br />
GAS<br />
WEAK<br />
WASH<br />
CONDENSATE<br />
Source: Chemrec<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
21
Fuel (submitted)<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> trace components …<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
22
Reaktorer: 0.1, 6.6 och 0.1 dm 3 ,<br />
100 bar och 500°C<br />
Aktivt kol<br />
H2S rening med ZnO<br />
Metanol syntes<br />
Tappning av metanol<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
23
Success!<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
24
Thank you and good luck with<br />
HIGHBIO II!<br />
Let us know if we can assist you as<br />
an external partner<br />
Magnus Marklund, PhD (Fluid Mechanics)<br />
Senior Scientist/Project Leader<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
Mail: Box 726, 941 28 Piteå, Sweden<br />
Office: +46-911-23 23 85<br />
Mobile: +46-70-227 23 85<br />
Fax: +46-911-23 23 99<br />
Email: magnus.marklund@etcpitea.se<br />
Web: http://www.etcpitea.se/secure/staff.php?o=Magnus<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
Energy Technology Centre<br />
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