COURSE MODULE NAME PERCENTAGES
COURSE MODULE NAME PERCENTAGES
COURSE MODULE NAME PERCENTAGES
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<strong>COURSE</strong> <strong>MODULE</strong> <strong>NAME</strong><br />
<strong>PERCENTAGES</strong><br />
Percentages<br />
1
Module Objective:<br />
<strong>PERCENTAGES</strong><br />
What is percentage?<br />
The word percent can be understood as follows:<br />
Per cent => for every 100.<br />
So, when percentage is calculated for any value, it means that you calculate the value for every<br />
100 of the reference value<br />
Why Percentage?<br />
Percentage is a concept evolved so that there can be a uniform platform for comparison<br />
of various things. (Since each value is taken to a common platform of 100.)<br />
Eg: To compare three different students depending on the marks they scored we cannot directly<br />
compare their marks until we know the maximum marks for which they took the test. But by<br />
calculating percentages they can directly be compared with one another.<br />
Before going deeper into the concept of percentage, let u have a look at some basics and tips for<br />
faster calculations:<br />
Prerequesties(Important facts and formulae):<br />
1. Concept of Percentage:<br />
By a certain percent, we mean that many hundredths. Thus x percent means x hundredths,<br />
written as x%.<br />
To express x% as a fraction: We have , x% = x/100.<br />
Thus, 20% =20/100 =1/5; 48% =48/100 =12/25, etc.<br />
To express a/b as a percent: We have, a/b =((a/b)*100)%.<br />
Thus, ¼ =[(1/4)*100] = 25%; 0.6 =6/10 =3/5 =[(3/5)*100]% =60%.<br />
2. If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so asnot to<br />
increase the expenditure is<br />
[R/(100+R))*100]%.<br />
If the price of the commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption so as to<br />
decrease the expenditure is<br />
[(R/(100-R)*100]%.<br />
3. Results on Population: Let the population of the town be P now and suppose it increases at the<br />
rate of R% per annum, then :<br />
1. Population after nyeras = P [1+(R/100)]^n.<br />
2. Population n years ago = P /[1+(R/100)]^n.<br />
4. Results on Depreciation: Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the<br />
rate<br />
Percentages<br />
2
R% per annum. Then,<br />
1. Value of the machine after n years = P[1-(R/100)]n.<br />
2. Value of the machine n years ago = P/[1-(R/100)]n.<br />
5. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by<br />
[(R/(100+R))*100]%.<br />
If A is R% less than B , then B is more than A by<br />
[(R/(100-R))*100]%.<br />
Calculation of Percentage:<br />
Percentage = (Value / Total value) X 100<br />
Eg: 50 is what % of 200?<br />
Soln: Percentage = (50/200) X 100 = 25%.<br />
Calculation of Value:<br />
Value = (Percentage/100) X total value<br />
Eg: What is 20% of 200?<br />
Soln: Value = (20/100) X 200<br />
Note: Percentage is denoted by “%”, which means “/100”.<br />
Eg: What is the decimal notation for 35%?<br />
Soln: 35% = 35/100 = 0.35.<br />
For faster calculations we can convert the percentages or decimal equivalents into their<br />
respective fraction notations.<br />
Percentages – Fractions Conversions:<br />
The following is a table showing the conversions of percentages and decimals into<br />
fractions:<br />
Percentage Decimal Fraction<br />
10% 0.1 1/10<br />
12.5% 0.125 1/8<br />
16.66% 0.1666 1/6<br />
20% 0.2 1/5<br />
25% 0.25 1/4<br />
30% 0.3 3/10<br />
33.33% 0.3333 1/3<br />
40% 0.4 2/5<br />
50% 0.5 1/2<br />
60% 0.6 3/5<br />
62.5% 0.625 5/8<br />
66.66% 0.6666 2/3<br />
70% 0.7 7/10<br />
Percentages<br />
3
75% 0.75 3/4<br />
80% 0.8 4/5<br />
83.33% 0.8333 5/6<br />
90% 0.9 9/10<br />
100% 1.0 1<br />
Similarly we can go for converting decimals more than 1 from the knowledge of the above<br />
cited conversions as follows:<br />
We know that 12.5% = 0.125 = 1/8<br />
Then, 1.125 = [8(1)+1]/8 = 9/8 (i.e., the denominator will add to numerator once, denominator<br />
remaining the same.<br />
Also, 2.125 = [8(2)+1]/8 = 17/8 (here the denominator is added to numerator twice)<br />
3.125 = [8(3)+1]/8 = 25/8 and so on.<br />
Thus we can derive the fractions for decimals more than 1 by using those les than 1.<br />
We will see how use of fractions will reduce the time for calculations:<br />
Eg: What is 62.5% of 320?<br />
Soln: Value = (5/8) X 320 (since 62.5% = 5/8)= 200.<br />
Percent change:<br />
A change can be of two types – an increase or a decrease.<br />
When a value is changed from initial value to a final value,<br />
% change = (Difference between initial and final value/initial value) X 100<br />
Eg: If 20 changes to 40, what is the % increase?<br />
Soln: % increase = (40-20)/20 X 100 = 100%.<br />
Note:<br />
If a value is doubled the percentage increase is 100.<br />
If a value is tripled, the percentage change is 200 and so on.<br />
Percentage Difference:<br />
% Difference = (Difference between values/value compared with) X 100.<br />
Eg: By what percent is 40 more than 30?<br />
Soln: % difference = (40-30)/30 X 100 = 33.33%<br />
(Here 40 is compared with 30. So 30 is taken as denominator)<br />
Eg: By what % is 60 more than 30?<br />
Soln: % difference = (60-30)/30 X 100 = 100%.<br />
(Here is 60 is compared with 30.)<br />
Hint: To calculate percentage difference the value that occurs after the word “than” in the<br />
question can directly be used as the denominator in the formula.<br />
Percentages<br />
4
Important Points to Note:<br />
When any value increases by<br />
10%, it becomes 1.1 times of itself. (since 100+10 = 110% = 1.1)<br />
20%, it becomes 1.2 times of itself.<br />
36%, it becomes 1.36 times of itself.<br />
4%, it becomes 1.04 times of itself.<br />
Thus we can see the effects on the values due to various percentage increases.<br />
When any value decreases by<br />
10%, it becomes 0.9 times of itself. (Since 100-10 = 90% = 0.9)<br />
20%, it becomes 0.8 times of itself<br />
36%, it becomes 0.64 times of itself<br />
4%, it becomes 0.96 times of itself.<br />
Thus we can see the effects on a value due to various percentage decreases.<br />
Note:<br />
1. When a value is multiplied by a decimal more than 1 it will be increased and when<br />
multiplied by less than 1 it will be decreased.<br />
2. The percentage increase or decrease depends on the decimal multiplied.<br />
Eg: When the actual value is x, find the value when it is 30% decreased.<br />
Soln: 30% decrease => 0.7 x.<br />
Eg: A value after an increase of 20% became 600. What is the value?<br />
Soln: 1.2x = 600 (since 20% increase)<br />
ð x = 500.<br />
Eg: If 600 is decrease by 20%, what is the new value?<br />
Soln: new value = 0.8 X 600 = 480. (Since 20% decrease)<br />
Thus depending on the decimal we can decide the % change and vice versa.<br />
Eg: When a value is increased by 20%, by what percent should it be reduced to get the actual<br />
value?<br />
Soln: (It is equivalent to 1.2 reduced to 1 and we can use % decrease formula)<br />
% decrease = (1.2 – 1)/1.2 X 100 = 16.66%.<br />
When a value is subjected multiple changes, the overall effect of all the changes can be obtained<br />
by multiplying all the individual factors of the changes.<br />
Eg: The population of a town increased by 10%, 20% and then decreased by 30%. The new<br />
population is what % of the original?<br />
Soln: The overall effect = 1.1 X 1.2 X 0.7 (Since 10%, 20% increase and 30% decrease)<br />
= 0.924 = 92.4%.<br />
Eg: Two successive discounts of 10% and 20% are equal to a single discount of ___<br />
Soln: Discount is same as decrease of price.<br />
So, decrease = 0.9 X 0.8 = 0.72 => 28% decrease (Since only 72% is remaining)<br />
Percentages<br />
5
SOLVED EXAMPLES:<br />
1. A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes. What percent of his total<br />
score did he make by running between the wickets?<br />
A.45% B.45 5 %<br />
11<br />
C.54 6 %<br />
D.55%<br />
11<br />
Explanation:<br />
Number of runs made by running = 110 - (3 x 4 + 8 x 6)<br />
= 110 - (60)<br />
= 50.<br />
Required percentage = 50 x 100 % = 45<br />
5 %<br />
110 11<br />
2. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other<br />
and his marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are:<br />
A.39, 30 B.41, 32<br />
C.42, 33 D.43, 34<br />
Answer: Option C<br />
Explanation:<br />
Let their marks be (x + 9) and x.<br />
Then, x + 9 = 56 (x + 9 + x)<br />
100<br />
25(x + 9) = 14(2x + 9)<br />
3x = 99<br />
x = 33<br />
So, their marks are 42 and 33.<br />
3. A fruit seller had some apples. He sells 40% apples and still has 420 apples. Originally, he<br />
had:<br />
A.588 apples B.600 apples<br />
C.672 apples D.700 apples<br />
Answer: Option D<br />
Explanation:<br />
Suppose originally he had x apples.<br />
Then, (100 - 40)% of x = 420.<br />
60 x x = 420<br />
100<br />
x = 420 x 100 60 = 700.<br />
4. What percentage of numbers from 1 to 70 has 1 or 9 in the unit's digit?<br />
Answer: Option C<br />
Explanation:<br />
Percentages<br />
6
Clearly, the numbers which have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit, have squares that end in the digit 1.<br />
Such numbers from 1 to 70 are 1, 9, 11, 19, 21, 29, 31, 39, 41, 49, 51, 59, 61, 69.<br />
Number of such number =14<br />
Required percentage = 14 x 100<br />
70 % = 20%.<br />
5. If A = x% of y and B = y% of x, then which of the following is true?<br />
A.A is smaller than B.<br />
B.A is greater than B<br />
Relationship between A and B cannot be If x is smaller than y, then A is greater than<br />
C. D.<br />
determined.<br />
B.<br />
E.None of these<br />
Answer: Option E<br />
Explanation:<br />
x% of y = x x y = y x x = y% of x<br />
100 100<br />
A = B.<br />
6. If 20% of a = b, then b% of 20 is the same as:<br />
A.4% of a<br />
B.5% of a<br />
C.20% of a<br />
D.None of these<br />
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option A<br />
Explanation:<br />
20<br />
20% of a = b a = b.<br />
100<br />
b% of 20 = b x 20 = 20 a x 1 x 20 = 4 a = 4% of a.<br />
100 100 100 100<br />
7. In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students<br />
above 8 years of age is of the number of students of 8 years of age which is 48. What is<br />
the total number of students in the school?<br />
A.72 B.80<br />
C.120 D.150<br />
E.100<br />
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option E<br />
Explanation:<br />
Let the number of students be x. Then,<br />
Number of students above 8 years of age = (100 - 20)% of x = 80% of x.<br />
80% of x = 48 + 2 of 48<br />
3<br />
80 x = 80<br />
100<br />
x = 100.<br />
8. Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 5% of A and 4% of B is two-third of the<br />
sum of 6% of A and 8% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.<br />
A.2 : 3 B.1 : 1<br />
Percentages<br />
7
9.<br />
C.3 : 4 D.4 : 3<br />
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option D<br />
Explanation:<br />
5% of A + 4% of B = 2 (6% of A + 8% of B)<br />
3<br />
5<br />
A + 4 B= 2 6 A + 8 B<br />
100 100 3 100 100<br />
1 1 1 4 A + B= A + B<br />
20 25 25 75<br />
1 1 4 1<br />
- -<br />
20 25 A = 75 25 B<br />
1<br />
A = 1 B<br />
100 75<br />
A 100 4 = = .<br />
B 75 3<br />
Required ratio = 4 : 3<br />
A student multiplied a number by 3 instead of 5 .<br />
5 3<br />
What is the percentage error in the calculation?<br />
A.34%<br />
B.44%<br />
C.54%<br />
D.64%<br />
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option D<br />
Explanation:<br />
Let the number be x.<br />
Then, error = 5 x - 3 x = 16 x.<br />
3 5 15<br />
Error% = 16x x 3 x 100<br />
15 5x % = 64%.<br />
10. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the<br />
votes were invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that<br />
the other candidate got, was:<br />
A.2700 B.2900<br />
C.3000 D.3100<br />
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option A<br />
Explanation:<br />
Number of valid votes = 80% of 7500 = 6000.<br />
Valid votes polled by other candidate = 45% of 6000<br />
= 45 x 6000 = 2700.<br />
100<br />
11. Three candidates contested an election and received 1136, 7636 and 11628 votes respectively.<br />
What percentage of the total votes did the winning candidate get?<br />
A.57%<br />
B.60%<br />
C.65%<br />
D.90%<br />
Percentages<br />
8
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option A<br />
Explanation:<br />
Total number of votes polled = (1136 + 7636 + 11628) = 20400.<br />
Required percentage = 11628 x 100<br />
20400 % = 57%<br />
12. Two tailers X and Y are paid a total of Rs. 550 per week by their employer. If X is paid 120<br />
percent of the sum paid to Y, how much is Y paid per week?<br />
A.Rs. 200 B.Rs. 250<br />
C.Rs. 300<br />
D.None of these<br />
Answer: Option B<br />
Explanation:<br />
Let the sum paid to Y per week be Rs. z.<br />
Then, z + 120% of z = 550.<br />
z + 120 z = 550<br />
100<br />
11 z = 550<br />
5<br />
z = 550 x 5 11 = 250<br />
13. Gauri went to the stationers and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 paise went on<br />
sales tax on taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the tax free<br />
items?<br />
A.Rs. 15 B.Rs. 15.70<br />
C.Rs. 19.70 D.Rs. 20<br />
Answer: Option C<br />
Explanation:<br />
Let the amount taxable purchases be Rs. x.<br />
30<br />
Then, 6% of x =<br />
100<br />
x =<br />
= 5.<br />
30 100 x<br />
100 6<br />
= 5.<br />
Cost of tax free items = Rs. [25 - (5 + 0.30)] = Rs. 19.70<br />
14. Rajeev buys good worth Rs. 6650. He gets a rebate of 6% on it. After getting the rebate, he<br />
pays sales tax @ 10%. Find the amount he will have to pay for the goods.<br />
A.Rs. 6876.10 B.Rs. 6999.20<br />
C.Rs. 6654 D.Rs. 7000<br />
Percentages<br />
9
Answer: Option A<br />
Explanation:<br />
Rebate = 6% of Rs. 6650 = Rs.<br />
6 x 6650 = Rs. 399.<br />
100<br />
10<br />
Sales tax = 10% of Rs. (6650 - 399) = Rs. x 6251 = Rs. 625.10<br />
100<br />
Final amount = Rs. (6251 + 625.10) = Rs. 6876.10<br />
15. The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade. The average<br />
percent increase of population per year is:<br />
A.4.37%<br />
B.5%<br />
C.6%<br />
D.8.75%<br />
Answer & Explanation<br />
Answer: Option B<br />
Explanation:<br />
Increase in 10 years = (262500 - 175000) = 87500.<br />
Increase% = 87500 x 100<br />
175000 % = 50%.<br />
Required average = 50 10 % = 5%.<br />
Percentages<br />
10
EXERCISE PROBLEMS:<br />
1.The original price of a shirt was $20. It was decreased to $15 . What is the percent decrease of<br />
the price of this shirt.<br />
Solution to Problem 1:<br />
The absolute decrease is<br />
20 - 15 = $5<br />
The percent decrease is the absolute decrease divided by the the original price<br />
(part/whole).<br />
percent decease = 5 / 20 = 0.25<br />
Multiply and divide 0.25 to obtain percent.<br />
percent decease = 0.25 = 0.25 * 100 / 100 = 25 / 100 = 25%<br />
2.Mary has a monthly salary of $1200. She spends $280 per month on food. What percent of her<br />
monthly salary does she spend on food?<br />
Solution to Problem 2:<br />
The part of her salary that is spent on food is $280 out of her monthly salary of<br />
$1200<br />
percent = part / whole = 280 / 1200 = 0.23 (rounded to 2 decimal places)<br />
Multiply and divide 0.23 by 100 to convert in percent<br />
percent = 0.23 * 100 / 100 = 23 / 100 = 23%<br />
3.The price of a pair of trousers was decreased by 22% to $30. What was the original price of<br />
the trousers?<br />
Solution to Problem 3:<br />
Let x be the original price and y be the absolute decrease. If the price was<br />
decreased to $30, then<br />
x - y = 30<br />
y is given by<br />
y = 22% of x = (22 / 100) * x = 0.22 x<br />
Substitute y by 0.22 x in the equation x - y = 30 and solve for x which the original<br />
price.<br />
x - 0.22 x = 30<br />
0.78 x = 30<br />
x = $38.5<br />
Check the solution to this problem by reducing the original price found $38.5 by<br />
22% and see if it gives $30.<br />
4.The price of an item changed from $120 to $100. Then later the price decreased again from<br />
$100 to $80. Which of the two decreases was larger in percentage term?<br />
Solution to Problem 4:<br />
First decrease in percent<br />
part / whole = (120 - 100) / 120 = 0.17 = 17%<br />
Second decrease in percent<br />
part / whole = (100 - 80) / 100 = 0.20 = 20%<br />
The second decrease was larger in percent term. The part were the same in both<br />
cases but the whole was smaller in the second decrease.<br />
Percentages<br />
11
5.The price of an item decreased by 20% to $200. Then later the price decreased again from<br />
$200 to $150. What is the percent of decrease from the original price to the final price of $150?<br />
Solution to Problem 5:<br />
We first need to find the original price x. The first decrease gives<br />
x - 20% x = 200<br />
0.8 x = 200<br />
x = 200 / 0.8 = 250<br />
The percentage decrease fro the original price 250 to 150 is given by<br />
part / whole = (250 - 150) / 250 = 0.4 = 40%<br />
6.A number increases from 30 to 40 and then decreases from 40 to 30. Compare the percent of<br />
increase from 30 to 40 and that of the decrease from 40 to 30.<br />
Solution to Problem 6:<br />
Percent increase from 30 to 40 is given by<br />
(40 - 30) / 30 = 10 / 30 = 0.33 = 33% (2 significant digits)<br />
Percent decrease from 40 to 30 is given by<br />
(40 - 30) / 40 = 0.25 = 25%<br />
In absolute term, the percent decrease is less than the percent increase.<br />
7.A family had dinner in a restaurant and paid $30 for food. They also had to pay 9.5% sale tax<br />
and 10% for the tip. How much did they pay for the dinner?<br />
Solution to Problem 7:<br />
They paid for food, sales tax and tip, hence<br />
total paid = $30 + 9.5% * 30 + 10% * 30 = $35.85<br />
8.A shop is offering discounts on shirts costing $20 each. If someone buys 2 shirts, he will be<br />
offered a discount of 15% on the first shirt and another 10% discount on the reduced price for the<br />
second shirt. How much would one pay for two shirts at this shop?<br />
Solution to Problem 8:<br />
The reduced price for the first shirt<br />
20 - 15% * 20 = $17<br />
The reduced price for the second shirt. The 10% discount will be on the already<br />
reduced price, hence the price of the second shirt is given by<br />
17 - 10% * 17 = $15.3 The total cost for the two shirts is<br />
17 + 15.3 = $32.3<br />
9.Smith invested $5000 for two years. For the first year, the rate of interest was 7% and the<br />
second year it was 8.5%. How much interest did he earn at the end of the two year period?<br />
Solution to Problem 9:<br />
Interest at the end of the first year<br />
7% * 5000 = $350<br />
Interest at the end of the second year<br />
8.5% * (5000 + 350) = $454.75<br />
Total interest at the end of the two year period is<br />
$350 + $454.75 = $804.75<br />
10.Janette invested $2000 at 5% compounded annually for 5 years. How much interest did she<br />
earn at the end of the 5 year period?<br />
Solution to Problem 10:<br />
At the of the first year, she has the principal plus the interest on the principal<br />
P1 = 2000 + 5% * 2000 = 2000(1 + 5%)<br />
Percentages<br />
12
At the of the second year, she has the principal P1 plus the interest on P1<br />
P2 = P1 + 5% * P1 = P1(1 + 5%)<br />
Substitute P1 by 2000(1 + 5%) found above to find<br />
P2 = 2000 * (1 + 5%) 2<br />
Continuing with this process, it can easily be shown that a the end of the 5th year,<br />
the principal is given by<br />
P5 = 2000 * (1 + 5%) 5<br />
= 2000 * (1 + 0.05) = $2552.56<br />
The interest earned at the end of 5 years is<br />
$2552.56 - $2000 = $552.56<br />
11.Tom borrowed $600 at 10% per year, simple interest, for 3 years. How much did he have to<br />
repay (principal + interest) at the end of the 3 year period?<br />
Solution to Problem 11:<br />
The interest to pay is given by<br />
Interest = 600 * 10% * 3 = $180<br />
Total to repay<br />
600 + 180 = $780<br />
12.Out of a world population of approximately 6.6 billion, 1.2 billion people live in the richer<br />
countries of Europe, North America, Japan and Oceania and is growing at the rate of 0.25% per<br />
year, while the other 5.4 billion people live in the lees developed countries and is growing at the<br />
rate of 1.5%. What will be the world population in 5 years if we assume that these rates of<br />
increase will stay constant for the next 5 years. (round answer to 3 significant digits)<br />
Solution to Problem 12:<br />
Let us first calculate the population PR in 5 years in the richer countries<br />
PR = (1.2 + 0.25% * 1.2) = 1.2(1 + 0.25%) after one year<br />
PR = 1.2(1 + 0.25%) + 0.25% * 1.2(1 + 0.25%)<br />
= 1.2(1 + 0.25%) 2 after two years<br />
Continue with the above and after 5 years, PR will be<br />
PR = 1.2(1 + 0.25%) 5 after 5 years<br />
Similar calculations can be used to find the population PL in less developed<br />
countries after 5 years.<br />
PL = 5.4(1 + 1.5%) 5 after 5 years<br />
The world population P after 5 years will be<br />
P = PR + PL = 1.2(1 + 0.25%) 5 + 5.4(1 + 1.5%) 5 = 7.03 billion.<br />
13.Cassandra invested one part of her $10,000 at 7.5% per year and the other part at 8.5% per<br />
year. Her income from the two investment was $820. How much did she invest at each rate?<br />
Solution to Problem 13:<br />
Let x and y be the amount invested at 7.5% and 8.5% respectively<br />
Income = $820 = 7.5% * x + 8.5% * y<br />
The total amount invested is also known<br />
10,000 = x + y<br />
Solve the system of the equations to find x and y.<br />
x = $3000 and y = $7000<br />
As a practice check that 7.5% of $3000 and 8.5% of $7000 gives $820.<br />
14.The monthly salary S of a shop assistant is the sum of a fixed salary of $500 plus 5% of all<br />
monthly sales. What should the monthly sales be so that her monthly salary reaches $1500?<br />
Percentages<br />
13
Solution to Problem 14:<br />
Let S be the total monthly salary and x be the monthly sales, hence<br />
S = 500 + 5% * x<br />
Find sales x so that S = 1500, hence<br />
1500 = 500 + 5% * x = 500 + 0.05 x<br />
Solve for x<br />
x = (1500 - 500) / 0.05 = $20000<br />
15.A chemist has a 20% and a 40% acid solutions. What amount of each solution should be used<br />
in order to make 300 ml of a 28% acid solution?<br />
Solution to Problem 15:<br />
Let x be the solution at 20% and y be the solution at 40%, hence<br />
x + y = 300 ml<br />
We now write an equation that expresses that the total acid in the final 300 ml is<br />
equal to the sum of the amounts of acid in x and y<br />
28% * 300 = 20% * x + 40% * y<br />
Solve the above system of equations to find<br />
x = 180 and y = 120<br />
16.What percent of the total area of the circular disk is colored red?<br />
Solution to Problem 16:<br />
Total area of disk<br />
Ad = pi * r 2<br />
Angle t in radians of central angle of red sector<br />
t = (360-120)* pi / 180 = (4/3) pi<br />
Area of red sector<br />
As = (1/2) t * r 2<br />
Percentage of total area in red<br />
P = [ (1/2) t * r 2 ] / [ pi * r 2 ]<br />
= 4 / 6 = 66.7% (3 significant digits)<br />
THINK: compare 66.7% to 240 / 360, why are they equal?<br />
17.What percent of the total area of the rectangle is colored red?<br />
Percentages<br />
14
Solution to Problem 17:<br />
Total area of rectangle<br />
Ar = L * W<br />
Area of triangle<br />
At = (1/2) base * height = (1/2) [ L * (1/2) W ]<br />
Percentage of area in red<br />
P = (1/2) [ L * (1/2) W ] / [L*W] = 1/4<br />
= 25%<br />
18. In Chicago in the year 2000, there were approximately 1.053 million African Americans,<br />
907 thousand whites (non-Hispanic), and 754 thousand Hispanics, and 181 thousand others<br />
(other races or two or more races). What percent of Chicagoans in 2000 were of Hispanic<br />
origin?<br />
Solution:<br />
% of Hispanics = # of Hispanics / Total Population<br />
% of Hispanics = 754,000 / (1,053,000 + 907,000 + 754,000 + 181,000)<br />
% of Hispanics = 0.26 * 100%<br />
% of Hispanics = 26%<br />
19. 54% of DePaul’s student body of approximately 21,000 is female. Approximate how<br />
many females attend DePaul?<br />
Solution:<br />
% of female students = # of female students / 21,000<br />
# of female students = % of female students * 21,000<br />
# of female students = 54% of female students * 21,000<br />
# of female students = 0.54 * 21,000<br />
# of female students = 11,340<br />
Percentage Change (Note: second problem is over 100%)<br />
20. Chicago’s population grew from 2.78 million in 1990 to 2.90 million in 2000. By how<br />
many percent did it grow?<br />
Percentages<br />
15
Solution:<br />
Percentage Change = (new – old ) / old<br />
Percentage Change = (2.90 – 2.78) / 2.78<br />
Percentage Change = 0.0432<br />
Percentage Change = 0.0432 * 100%<br />
Percentage Change = 4.32%<br />
21. In 1996, 94,007 tons of waste was recycled in Chicago’s blue bag recycling program. In<br />
the year 2000, 296,363 tons were recycled. By how many percent did it increase from 1996 to<br />
2000?<br />
Solution:<br />
Percentage Change = (296,363 tons – 94,007 tons) / 94,007 tons<br />
Percentage Change = 202,356 / 94,007<br />
Percentage Change = 2.15 * 100%<br />
Percentage Change = 215%<br />
Percent More Than; Times More Than<br />
22. The life expectancy in Canada is 79.1 years; the life expectancy in the US is 76.0 years.<br />
By how many percent is the life expectancy of Canada higher than the life expectancy in the US?<br />
Solution:<br />
The key word for this kind of problems is "than". Whatever is after "than" should go in the<br />
denominator (bottom part).<br />
How many percent more = (Canada – US) / US<br />
How many percent more = (79.1 – 76) / 76<br />
How many percent more = 3.1 / 76<br />
How many percent more = 0.0407 * 100%<br />
How many percent more = 4.07%<br />
23. By how many percent is the life expectancy of people in the US lower than the life<br />
expectancy in Canada?<br />
Solution:<br />
How many percent less = (US – Canada) / Canada<br />
How many percent less = (76 – 79.1) / 79.1<br />
How many percent less = –3.1 / 79.1<br />
How many percent less = –0.0392 * 100%<br />
How many percent less = –3.92%<br />
Percentages<br />
16
24. How many times more is the life expectancy of Canada higher than the life expectancy in<br />
the US?<br />
Solution:<br />
We expect a number here!<br />
How many times more = Canada / US<br />
How many times more = 79.1 / 76<br />
How many times more = 1.041<br />
Successive Percentage Change<br />
25. Spot prices for crude oil are rather volatile. From 1998 to 1999, spot prices for crude oil<br />
decreased by 28%. From 1999 to 2000, they increased by 106%. What was the percentage<br />
change over the two year period from 1998 to 2000?<br />
Solution:<br />
A short way to do this kind of problem is<br />
Percentage change over two year period = (1 ± %)(1 ± %) – 1<br />
Percentage change over two year period = (1 – 28%)(1 + 106%) – 1<br />
Percentage change over two year period = (1 – 0.28)(1 + 1.06) – 1<br />
Percentage change over two year period = (0.72)(2.06%) – 1<br />
Percentage change over two year period = 1.4832 – 1<br />
Percentage change over two year period = 0.4832 * 100%<br />
Percentage change over two year period = 48.32%<br />
An increase of 48.32% over the original price!<br />
26. Suppose you are earning a salary of $1,000 per week. Your company experiences a<br />
slowdown in earnings, and asks all workers to take a 20% pay cut. What is your salary after the<br />
cut? Six months later, the company recovers and it offers you a 20% increase on your current<br />
salary. How much will you be earning after the increase?<br />
Solution:<br />
Reverse Percentage Change<br />
New salary = (1 – 20%)(1 + 20%) – 1<br />
New salary = (1 – 0.20)(1 + 0.20) – 1<br />
New salary = (0.80)(1.20) – 1<br />
New salary = 0.96 – 1<br />
New salary = –0.04 * 100%<br />
New salary will have a decrease of 4%, or ($1000 – $1000 * 0.04) = $960<br />
Percentages<br />
17
27. According to the official 2000 census, the Hispanic population of the US in 2000 was<br />
35,305,818. It rose by an astounding 57.9% from 1990 to 2000. What was the Hispanic<br />
population in 1990?<br />
Solution:<br />
1990 → 2000<br />
old new<br />
old 35,305,818<br />
If we use the percentage change formula, then<br />
% change = (new – old) / old<br />
57.9% = (35,305,818 – old) / old<br />
doing some algebra<br />
0.579 * old = 35,305,818 – old<br />
0.579 * old + old = 35,305,818<br />
1.579 * old = 35,305,818<br />
old = 35,305,818 / 1.579<br />
old = 22,359,606<br />
28. From a news article: "In the first six months of 1996, the number of deaths [from AIDS] fell<br />
12% to 22,000 [compared to the same period a year earlier]." How many AIDS deaths were there<br />
during the first six months of 1995?<br />
Solution:<br />
1995 → 1996<br />
old new<br />
old 22,000<br />
Because there was a 12% decrease, we have to use –12%<br />
–12% = (22,000 – old) / old<br />
–0.12 * old = 22,000 – old<br />
–0.12 * old + old = 22,000<br />
0.88 * old = 22,000<br />
old = 22,000 / 0.88<br />
old = 25,000<br />
29. If 75% of a number is added to 75, the result is the number itself. Then the number is<br />
Ans.300<br />
Basic formula:<br />
X% = x / 100<br />
a/ b as percent : (a/b x 100) %<br />
Answer with explanation<br />
Take the number as x<br />
Percentages<br />
18
75% of x + 75 = x<br />
75/100 + 75 = x<br />
75 = x – 75/100 x<br />
75 = x – ¾ x<br />
75 = x/4<br />
x = 300<br />
30. Subtracting 40% of a number from the number, we get the result as 30, the number is<br />
Ans: 50<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
Consider the number as x<br />
x – 40/100 x = 30<br />
x - 2/5 x = 30<br />
3/5 x = 30<br />
3x = 150<br />
x = 150/3<br />
x = 50<br />
1. If three fifth of a number is 40 more than 40% of the same number<br />
2. If three fifth of a number is 40 more than 40% of the same number. What<br />
is the number Ans: 200<br />
Answer with explanation<br />
Consider the number as x<br />
3/5 x = 40 + 40 % of x<br />
= 40 + 40/100x<br />
3/5 x – 40/100 x = 40<br />
3/5x - 2/5 x = 40<br />
1/5 x = 40<br />
x = 200<br />
31.A number on subtracting 15 from it, reduces to its 80% what is 40% of that number?<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
Let the number be x<br />
x-15 = 80%x<br />
x – 15 – 80/100 x<br />
x – 15 = 4/5 x<br />
x – 4/5 x = 15<br />
x / 5 = 15<br />
Percentages<br />
19
Percentages<br />
Now,<br />
Hint:<br />
75<br />
40% of 75<br />
= 40 /100 x 75<br />
=2/5 x 15<br />
=30<br />
30% (75) = 80/100 x 75 = 60 ---(1)<br />
= 75- 15 = 60 ---(2)<br />
(1)=(2)<br />
32. Calculation shows that an angle is 37 ½ %. The size obtained by drawing and measurement is<br />
36%. The error percent is<br />
Let the number be x<br />
X – 15 = 80% x<br />
X – 15 = 80% x<br />
X-15 = 4/5 x<br />
X – 4/5 = 15<br />
X / 5 = 15<br />
X = 75<br />
Now,<br />
40% of 75<br />
=40 / 100 x 75<br />
= 2 / 5 x 15<br />
= 30<br />
Hint:<br />
30% (75) = 80/100 x 15 = 60 --- >(1)<br />
75-15 = 60 --(2)<br />
1=2<br />
percentage, BU<br />
33. Calculation shows that an angle is 37 ½ % The size obtained by drawing and measurement is<br />
36%. The error percent is<br />
Ans: 4<br />
Error for 37 ½<br />
37 ½ - 36 =75 / 2 = 36<br />
= 75- 72 / 2 = 3/2 (=1 ½)<br />
error for 100<br />
= 3/2 x 2/75 x 100 = 4%<br />
20
34. If x is 90% of Y, what percent of x is y?<br />
ans : 111.1<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
X = 90 % of y<br />
X = 90/ 100 y<br />
X = 9/10 y<br />
y = 10/9 x<br />
y / x = 10/9<br />
required percentage = y / x x 100<br />
= 10/9 x 100<br />
= 1.111 x 100<br />
= 111.1 %<br />
35. If x % of y is the 4/5 of 80, then the value of xy is<br />
ans : 6400<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
X % of y = 4/5 x 80<br />
X / 100 x y = 4/5 x 80<br />
xy = 4 x 16 x 100<br />
xy = 6400<br />
36. Subtracting 6% of % from x is equivalent to multiplying % by how much?<br />
Ans : 94<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
Consider the number as x<br />
X – 6/100 = xy<br />
100 / 100 x – 6 / 100 x = xy<br />
100-6 / 100 x = xy<br />
94 /100 x = xy<br />
94% of x = xy<br />
= y = 94%<br />
37. If 8% of x = 4% of y, then 20% of x is<br />
ans: 10<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
8% of x = 4% of y<br />
8x /100 = 4 /100 y 8x = 4y<br />
2x = y<br />
x = ½ y<br />
20% of x = 20/100 x<br />
= 20/100 x ½ y<br />
= 10/100 y<br />
= 10% of y<br />
Percentages<br />
21
38. (X% of Y + Y % of X) = ?<br />
Ans: 2% of xy<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
X % of y + y % of X<br />
= xy / 100 + yx / 100<br />
= 2 x y / 100<br />
= 2% xy<br />
39. If 90% of A=30% of B and b=x% of A, then x is equal to<br />
ans: 300<br />
Answer with explanation:<br />
90% of A = 30 % of B<br />
90 / 100 A = 30 / 100 B<br />
90A = 30B<br />
9A = 3B<br />
3A = B<br />
B = x/100 A<br />
3A = x / 100 A<br />
x = 300<br />
40.. If 70% of students in a school are boys and the number of girls is 504, the number of boys is<br />
ans: 1176<br />
Answer:<br />
70% of students in a school are boys:<br />
(100-70)% = 30% girls percentage<br />
30% of x = 504<br />
30/100x = 504<br />
3/10 x = 504<br />
x = 504 x 10 / 3<br />
= 1680<br />
No of boys = 70% of 1680<br />
= 70/100 x 1680<br />
= 1176<br />
41. A number increased 37 ½ % gives 33. The number is<br />
Ans: 24<br />
(100 + 37 ½ ) % of x = 33<br />
(100+ 75/2 ) % of x = 33<br />
(200+75/2) % of x = 33<br />
= 275 / 2 x 1 / 100 x = 33<br />
x = (33 x 100 x 2 ) / 275<br />
= 3 x 4 x 2<br />
x = 24<br />
Percentages<br />
22
42. The number which when decreased by 27 ½ % given 87 is<br />
Ans: 120<br />
Answer<br />
(100 – 27 ½ ) % of x = 87<br />
200 - 55 / 2 x 1/100x = 87<br />
145 / 2 x 100 = 87<br />
x = 87 x 2 x 20 / 145<br />
= 3 x 2 x20<br />
= 120<br />
43. 40 Quintal is what percent of 2 metric tones?<br />
Ans: 200%<br />
1 metric tonee= 10 quintals<br />
2 metric tonee = 20 quintals<br />
= (40 / 20 x 100) %<br />
= (2 x 100) %<br />
= 200%<br />
44. It is known that 20% of the mangoes are rotten. If the number of rotten mangoes is 35, then<br />
the total number of mangoes is<br />
Ans: 175<br />
20% x = 35<br />
20 / 100 = 35<br />
1/5 = 35<br />
x = 175<br />
45.A student has to secure 40% marks topass. He gets 178 marks and failed by 22 marks. The<br />
maximum marks are :<br />
40% x = 178 +22<br />
40/100 x = 200<br />
2/5 x = 200<br />
x = 100 x 5/2<br />
x = 500<br />
46. A house owner was having his house painted. He was advised that he would require 25kg of<br />
paint. Allowing for 15% wastage and assuming that the paint is available in 2kg cans, what<br />
would be the cost of pain purchased, if one can cost Rs.16?<br />
Ans: 240Rs.<br />
Answer:<br />
Required no of kgs 25kgs<br />
10% 2.5<br />
5% / 15% 1.25 / 28.75kg<br />
1 can contains 2kg paint<br />
Percentages<br />
23
= 28.75<br />
14 can 1 can<br />
= 15 cans<br />
= 15 x 16 = 240<br />
1 can = 16 Rs.<br />
47. A reduction of 12.5% in the price of a dining table brought down its price to Rs.4375, the<br />
original price (in Rs.)of the table was:<br />
Ans: Rs.5000<br />
Answers:<br />
The original price to be x<br />
X – 12.5% of x =4375<br />
X – 12.5/ 100 x = 4375<br />
X – 125 / 1000 x =4375<br />
1000-125 / 1000 x = 4375<br />
875/ 1000 x = 4375<br />
x = 4375 x 1000 / 875<br />
=Rs.5000<br />
48. Of the total amount received by Kiran, 20% was spent on purchases and 5% of the<br />
remaining on transportation. If he is left with Rs.1520, the initial amount was<br />
Ans: 2000<br />
Answer:<br />
For purchase 20% of x => 20/100 x = 1/5 x<br />
Remaining x – 1/5 = 4/5 x<br />
For transportation == 5 % 4/5 x<br />
= 5/100 x 4/5 x<br />
= x/25<br />
Balance = 4x /5 – x / 25 = 20x / 25 – x/25 = 19/25 x<br />
19x / 25 = 1520<br />
x = 1520 x 25 / 19<br />
x =2000<br />
49. In a library 20% books are in Hindi, 50% of the remaining are in English and the remaining<br />
9000 are in various other languages. What is the total number of books in English.<br />
Answers:<br />
Let the no of books be x<br />
20% of x = 20/100 x /5<br />
Remaining x – x /5 = 4x / 5<br />
For English 56/ 100 x 4x / 5<br />
2x/ 5<br />
Remaining 4 x / 5 – 2x / 5 = 2 x / 5<br />
For other languages<br />
2x / 5 = 9000<br />
2x = 45000<br />
x = 22500<br />
Percentages<br />
24
Another method<br />
Let it be 100 %<br />
Hindi 20% (-20)/80<br />
Eng 50% of remaining ( -40) / 40 = 9000<br />
= 100<br />
9000 x 100/ 40 = 22500<br />
50. Avinash spends 30% of his income on scooter petrol, ¼ o the remaining on house rent and<br />
the balance on food. If he spends Rs.300 on petrol, then what is the expenditure on house rent?<br />
Ans : 175<br />
Answer :<br />
From the given information,<br />
Method: 1<br />
For scooter petrol<br />
30x / 100 = 3x / 10<br />
remaining x – 3x / 10 = 7x / 10<br />
for house ¼ x 7x / 10 = 7x / 40<br />
remaining for food -- > 7x / 10 – 7 x / 40<br />
=> 28 x – 7x / 40 = 21x /40<br />
Amount for petrol = 30/100 x = 30<br />
= 1000<br />
House rent,<br />
7x / 40 = 7 x 1000 / 40 = 175<br />
Method :2<br />
Total income x<br />
X - 30/100 x = x – 300<br />
(in %) = (in Rs.)<br />
30 / 100 x = 300<br />
x = 1000<br />
rem<br />
¼ x 100 = 175Rs.<br />
Percentages<br />
25
QUESTION BANK:<br />
1. If 20% of 40% of a = 25% of a% of b, then what is b?<br />
a. 8/5 b. 16/25 c. 8/25 d. None<br />
2. By what % is 200 more than 50?<br />
a. 100 b. 200 c. 300 d. None<br />
3. A value changes from 30 to 80. What is the percentage change?<br />
a. 125 b. 166.66 c. 156 d. None<br />
4. The population of a city is increased by 30% and thus became 78000. What is the original<br />
population?<br />
a. 76000 b. 64200 c. 60000 d. None<br />
5. In a theatre, the number of seats is increased by 20% and the price per ticket is increased by<br />
10% but the public response decreased by 30%. What is the net effect on the economy of the<br />
theatre?<br />
a.10% rise b. 7% fall c. 7% rise d. None<br />
6. A saves 20% of his income. His income is increased by 20% and so he increased his<br />
expenditure by 30%. What is the percentage change in his savings?<br />
a. 20% fall b. 4% fall c. 20% rise d. 4% rise<br />
7. The price of petrol is increased by 25%. By what percent the consumption be reduced to make<br />
the expenditure remain the same?<br />
a. 25% b. 33.33% c. 20% d. None<br />
8. The side of a square is increased by 20%. The percentage change in its area is ___<br />
a. 20% b. 44% c. 36% d. None<br />
9. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 33.33%, by what percentage should the breadth be<br />
reduced to make the area same?<br />
a. 20% b. 33.33% c. 25% d. None<br />
10. In an election between two candidates, A and B, A secured 56% of the votes and won by<br />
48000 votes. Find the total number of votes polled if 20% of the votes were declared invalid.<br />
a. 500000 b. 400000 c. 600000 d. None<br />
11. A reduction of 10% in price of sugar enables a housewife to buy 5 kg more for Rs. 300/-.<br />
Find the reduced price per kg of sugar.<br />
a. 5/- b. 4.5/- c. 6/- d. None<br />
12. From a 20lt solution of alt and water with 20% salt, 2lt of water is evaporated. Find the new<br />
% concentration of salt.<br />
a. 20% b. 23% c. 25% d. None<br />
13. In a list of weights of candidates appearing for police selections, the weight of A is marked as<br />
58 kg instead of 46.4 kg. Find the percentage of correction required.<br />
a. 30 b. 20 c. 24 d. None<br />
14. A person spends 20% of his income on rent, 20% of the rest on food, 10% of the remaining<br />
on clothes and 10% on groceries. If he is left with Rs. 9520/- find his income.<br />
a. 10000/- b. 15000/- c. 20000/- d. None<br />
15. A shopkeeper offers three successive discounts of 10%, 20% and 30% to a customer. If the<br />
actual price of the item is Rs. 10000, find the price the custome has to pay to the shopkeeper.<br />
a. 5040/- b. 4000/- c. 6000/- d. None<br />
16. If 10lt solution of water and alcohol containing 10% alcohol is to be made 20% alcohol<br />
solution, find the volume of alcohol to be added.<br />
Percentages<br />
26
a. 1 lt b. 1.25 lt c. 1.5 lt d. 2 lt<br />
17. A is twice B and B is 200% more than C. By what percent is A more than C?<br />
a. 400 b. 600 c. 500 d. 200<br />
18. In an examination, a student secures 40% and fails by 10 marks. If he scored 50%, he would<br />
pass by 15 marks. Find the minimum marks required to pass the exam.<br />
a. 250 b. 100 c. 110 d. 125<br />
19. If A is 20% taller than B, by what percent is B shorter than A?<br />
a. 20% b. 25% c. 16.66% d. None<br />
20. The population of a town increases at a rate of 10% for every year. If the present population<br />
is 12100, find the population two years ago.<br />
a. 11000 b. 9800 c. 10000 d. 10120<br />
21. A solution of salt and water contains 15% salt. If 30 lt water is evaporated from the solution<br />
the concentration becomes 20% salt. Find the original volume of the liquid before water<br />
evaporated.<br />
a. 100 lt b. 120 lt c. 200 lt d. None<br />
22. If 240 lt of oil is poured into a tank, it is still 20% empty. How much more oil is to be poured<br />
to fill the tank?<br />
a. 300 lt b. 60 lt c. 120 lt d. None<br />
23. A and B were hired for the same salary. A got two 40% hikes whereas B got a 90% hike.<br />
What is the percentage difference in the hikes thay got?<br />
a. 16% b. 6% c. 10% d. 8%<br />
24. The population of a town doubled every 5 years from 1960 to 1975. What is the percentage<br />
increase in population in this period?<br />
a. 800 b. 400 c. 700 d. 600<br />
25. In a test of 80 questions, Jyothsna answered 75% of the first 60 questions correctly. What %<br />
of the remaining questions she has to answer correctly so that she can secure an overall<br />
percentage of 80 in the test?<br />
a. 80% b. 90% c. 85% D. 95%<br />
26.A person allows discount of 20% on the already discounted MP. What is the initial discount<br />
given if he totally gains 20% and MP is double the CP?<br />
a. 25% b. 20% c. Data inadequate d. none<br />
27.If a group of 24 men working 8 hrs a day can complete building a wall in 12 days then in how<br />
many days 16 men working 6 hrs a day can complete 3 such walls?<br />
a. 24 b. 48 c. 72 d. none<br />
(28-31)Read the following information and answer the questions given below it :<br />
(i) ‘A + B’ means ‘A is the father of B’<br />
(ii) ‘A – B’ means ‘A is the wife of B’<br />
(iii) ‘A ´ B’ means ‘ A is the brother of B’<br />
(iv) ‘A ¸ B’ means ‘A is the daughter of B’<br />
28. If P ¸ R + S + Q, which of the following is true?<br />
a. P is the daughter of Q b. P is the mother of Q<br />
c. P is the aunt of Q d. Q is the ant of P<br />
29. If P – R + Q, which of the following statement is true?<br />
a.P is the mother of Q<br />
b. P is the sister of Q<br />
c. Q is the daughter of P d. P is the aunt of Q<br />
30. If ‘P ´ R ¸Q’, which of the following is true?<br />
Percentages<br />
27
a.P is the uncle of Q b. P is the father of Q<br />
c. P is the son of Q d. P is the brother of Q<br />
31. If ‘P ´ R – Q’, which of the following is true?<br />
a.P is the brother-in-law of Q<br />
b. P is the father of Q<br />
c. P is the brother of Q d. P is the uncle of Q<br />
32. The average of 13 papers is 40. The average of the first 7 papers is 42 and of the last seven<br />
papers is 35. Find the marks obtained in the 7 th paper?<br />
a. 23 b. 38 c.19 d. None of these<br />
33. In a mixture of 40 liters, the ratio of milk and water is 4:1. How much water much be<br />
added to this mixture so that the ratio of milk and water becomes 2:3<br />
a. 20 liters b. 32 liters c. 40 liters d. 30 liters<br />
34. A shop owner sells two puppies at the same price making a profit of 20% on one and a loss<br />
of 20% on the other. Find his loss or gain percent on the whole transaction.<br />
a. Gain of 4% b. No profit no loss c. Loss of 10% d. Loss of 4%<br />
35. N, at a speed of 20 km/h reaches his office 10 min late. Next time he increases his speed by 5<br />
km/h, but is still late by 4 min. What is the distance of office from his house?<br />
20 km b. 6 km c. 12 km d. None of these<br />
36. 4 men and 3 women finish a job in6 days, and 5 men and 7 women can do the same job in 4<br />
days. How long will 1 man and 1 woman take to do the work?<br />
a. 22(2/7) days b. 19(1/2) days c. 5(1/7) days d. 12(7/22) days<br />
37. If the code for BLUE is 240, that for TEA is 18 then the code for MATCH is _____<br />
a. 3100 b. 3120 c. 3210 d. none<br />
38. Two equal sums were borrowed at 8% simple interest per annum for 2 years and 3 years<br />
respectively. The difference in the interest was Rs.56. the sum borrowed were<br />
a. 690/- b. 700/- c. 740/- d. 780/-<br />
39. If A is 25% of C and B is 30% of C, then what percentage of A is B?<br />
a)83 1/3% of B b)83 9/3% of B<br />
c)81 1/3% of B d)83 2/3% of B<br />
39 .Two numbers are respectively 25% and 50% more than a third number. What percent is the<br />
first of the second?<br />
a)26 2/3 % of second b)26 3/4 % of second<br />
c)83 1/3 % of second d)83 2/3 % of second<br />
40. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 32% less than a third number. What percent is the<br />
second of the first?<br />
a)15% of the first<br />
b)85% of the first<br />
c)25% of the first<br />
d)none of these<br />
41. If the price of a commodity increases by 50%, find how much percent its consumption be<br />
reduced so as not increase the expenditure<br />
a)33 1/3 % b)66 3/4 %<br />
c)75%<br />
d)none of these<br />
42. If the price of a commodity decreases by 50%, find how much percent its consumption be<br />
increased so as not decrease the expenditure<br />
a)100%<br />
b)0%<br />
c)10%<br />
d)none of these<br />
43. If the salary of Mr. Shashi is first increased by 18% and thereafter decreased by 15%, what is<br />
the net change in his salary?<br />
Percentages<br />
28
a)7%<br />
b)3%<br />
c)0.3%<br />
d)o.7%<br />
44. The population of a town is decreased by 20% and 40% in two successive years. What<br />
percent population is decreased after two years?<br />
a)55%<br />
b)45%<br />
c)48%<br />
d)52%<br />
45. If the side of a square is increased by 10%, its area increased by k%. Find the value of k<br />
a)21 b)15<br />
c)42 d)12<br />
46. The radius of a circle is increased by 4%. Find the percentage increase in its area<br />
a)9% b)8 4/25%<br />
c)2 2/25% d)none of these<br />
47. The population of a town increases by 4% annually. If its present population is 12500, what<br />
will it be in 2 years time?<br />
a)13520 b)14520<br />
c)11520 d)none of these<br />
48. In a group of 80 boys, 60% play chess, 75% play cricket and 55% play both. How many of<br />
them do not play any of these two games?<br />
a) 24 b) 20<br />
c) 18 d) 16<br />
49. In a bookstore 25% of books are in English, 60% of the remaining are in Hindi, % of the<br />
remaining are in Telugu and remaining 64,000 are in other languages. What is the total number<br />
of books in that bookstore?<br />
a) 2,56,000 b) 3,20,000<br />
c) 4,50,000 d) 6,40,000<br />
50. Three numbers are in the ratio of 3:4:8 respectively. If the first is increased by 25%, the<br />
second is decreased by 20% and the third is unaltered, respectively their ratio will be?<br />
a) 75:64:180 b) 75:56:160<br />
c) 75:64:160 d) 125:64:160<br />
Solutions:<br />
1.1/5 X 2/5 X a = ¼ X a X b => b = 8/25<br />
2.% difference = (200-50)/50 X 100 = 300 %<br />
3.% increase = (80-30)/30 X 100 = 166.66 %<br />
4.1.3 x = 78000 => x = 60000.<br />
5.Net effect = 1.2 X 1.1 X 0.7<br />
= 0.924 => 7.6% decrease.<br />
6.Let I be the income.<br />
Expenditure = 0.8I Savings = 0.2I => 20%<br />
New income = 1.2I (since 20% rise)<br />
New expenditure = (0.8I) X 1.3 (Since 30% rise)<br />
= 1.04I<br />
So, new savings = 1.2I – 1.04I = 0.16I => 16%<br />
(So income decreased form 20% to 16%)<br />
% decrease = (20-16)/20 X 100 = 20%.<br />
7.It is equivalent to 1.25 decreased to 1.<br />
Percentages<br />
29
% decrease = (1.25-1)/1.25 X 100 = 20%<br />
8. % change in area = 1.2 X 1.2 (since area = side X side)<br />
= 1.44 => 44%.<br />
9.It is equivalent to 1.25 decreased to 1. So 20% decrease.<br />
10. Valid Votes:<br />
A got 56% => B got 44%<br />
Difference = 12% = 48000<br />
So, 100% = 400000. These are valid votes.<br />
But valid votes are only 80% of total votes.<br />
So, 80% of total votes = 400000 => total votes = 500000<br />
11.Total money = Rs. 300.<br />
Saving of the lady = 10% of 300 = 30/-<br />
With 30/- she bought 5 kg sugar => each kg costs Rs. 6/-<br />
12.In 20lt, salt = 20% => 4 lt.<br />
New volume = 18 lt (2 lt evaporated)<br />
So, new % = 4/18 X 100 = 22.22%<br />
13.% correction = (58-46.4)/58 X 100 = 20%<br />
14.Three successive decreases of 20%, 20% and 10% => 0.8 X 0.8 X 0.9 = 0.576<br />
Again 10% decrease => 0.576 – 0.1 = 0.476.<br />
So, 0.476 x = 9520 => x = 20000.<br />
15.Total discount = 0.9 X 0.8 X 0.7 = 0.504 of actual price.<br />
So, price = 0.504 X 10000 = 5040.<br />
16.In 10 lt, alcohol is 10% = 1 lt.<br />
Let x lt alcohol is added.<br />
So, (1+x)/(10+x) = 20% = 1/5 => x = 1.25 lt.<br />
17.A = 2B and B = 3C (since 200% more)<br />
ð A = 6C => 500 % more.<br />
18.50% of max marks – 40% of max marks = 25<br />
ð max marks = 250<br />
Pass marks = 40% of max + 10 => 100 + 10 = 110.<br />
19.A = 1.2 B => B = A/1.2 => 0.8333A => 16.66%.<br />
(OR) Decrease from 1.2 to 1 => 16.66%.<br />
20.1.1 X 1.1 X x = 12100 => x = 10000.<br />
21.Salt = 15% of x = 0.15x (x = volume of solution)<br />
Now, 0.15x/(x-30) = 20% = 1/5 (since 30 lt evaporated)<br />
ð x = 120 lt<br />
22.20% empty => 80 % full = 240 lt => 20% = 60 lt<br />
23.A => 1.4 X 1.4 = 1.96<br />
B => 1.9 => 6% difference.<br />
24. From 1960 to 1975, in 15 years population doubled every 5 yrs => three times<br />
So, 2 X 2 X 2 = 8 times => 700% more.<br />
25.[(75% X 60) + (x% X 20)] / 80 = 80% => x = 95. (since required is 80%)<br />
(OR) 60 out of 80 is 3/4. So, (3/4 X 75) + (1/4 X x) = 80 => x =95.<br />
Percentages<br />
30
Percentages<br />
31