Institutional Profile - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Board

PREFACE 

Clean drinking water and sanitation are of primary concern in terms of health improvement, 

environment protection and poverty alleviation. Since clean water and sanitation are basic 

rights, GoN is committed to deliver such services to its people. Access to clean water and 

sanitation is not a technical issue but it is also a crucial component of social and economic 

development. Rural Water supply and Sanitation Fund Development Board (The Board) has 

been extending such sustainable and socially acceptable services with the support of partner 

organizations including prime role of the concerned communities. The Board has delivered 

water and sanitation facilities to around 0.6 million rural people in RWSSP-I and it is targeted 

to deliver such facilities to more than 0.8 million rural people in RWSSP-II. 

This document is an attempt to spread the message of successful demand driven and 

participatory approach, working modalities, community procurement and financial 

transparency and all about the Board. This document may help to understand about the 

Board’s implementation procedures that could be internalized and consolidated in water 

supply and sanitation sector as well as other development sectors. This will also help to 

partner organizations and communities for accessing of such facilities that could support to 

meet Board’s objectives and in tern to the GoN. It welcomes all comment and suggestions 

from any sector and person so that the Board will further strengthen and fulfill its responsibilities 

in future. 

March 2007 

Arjun Narsing Rayamajhi 

Executive Director

CONTENTS 

Background 1 

Objectives 2 

Key Strategy and Working Modality 3 

Organization and Management 4 

Program Component 5 

Scheme Cycle 6 

Program Implementation 10 

Eligibility Criteria for Support Organization 11 

Scheme Eligibility Criteria 12 

Social Inclusion 13 

Finance Transparency 14 

Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision 15 

Role of Women in Scheme Implementation 15 

Promotion of Private Sector 16 

Coordination and Linkage 17 

Materials for Sharing 18 

Ssurces of Funding 18 

ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS 

ADDCN Association of District Development 

Committees of Nepal 

CAP Community Action Plan 

CBO Community Based Organization 

DDC District Development Committee 

DFID Department for International Development 

DTW Deep Tube Well 

DWSS Department of Water Supply and Sewerage 

GoN Government of Nepal 

HSE Health and Sanitation Education 

I/NGO International/Non Government 

Organization 

IDA International Development Association 

IP Indigenous People 

IPDP Indigenous People Dalit People 

JAKPAS Janatako Khanepani Tatha Sarsafai 

Karyakarm or People’s Drinking Water 

Supply and Sanitation Program 

JGF Japanese Grant Facility 

KHASKOSH Khanepani Tatha Sarsafai Kosh Bikas 

Samittee 

MCTG Mother and Child Tap Stand Group 

MoLd Ministry of Local Development 

MPPW Ministry of Physical Planning & Works 

NAVIN National Association of VDCs in Nepal 

NFE 

RWH 

RWSSFDB 

RWSSP-I 

RWSSP-II 

S0 

SA 

SARAR 

SRLF 

STW 

TAC 

UNDP 

VDC 

VHP 

VMW 

WB 

WSUC 

WSUG 

WTSS 

Non Formal Education 

Rain Water Harvesting 

Rural Water Supply & Sanitation Fund 

Development Board (The Board) 

First Rural Water Supply & Sanitation 

Project 

Second Rural Water Supply & Sanitation 

Project 

Support Organization 

Service Agency 

Self-Esteem, Associative Strength, 

Resourcefulness, Action planning, 

Responsibility 

Sanitation Revolving Loan Fund 

Shallow Tube Well 

Technical Appraisal Committee 

United Nations Development Program 

Village Development Committee 

Village Health Promoter 

Village Maintenance Worker 

World Bank 

Water Supply and Sanitation User 

Committee 

Water Supply and Sanitation User Group 

Women Technical Support Service

BACKGROUND 

T 

he Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund 

Development Board (the Board) was established on 

March 14, 1996 by Government of Nepal (GoN) 

through Formation Order under the Development 

Board Act, 1956, based on the studies and findings 

of a field-tested pilot project known as JAKPAS (Janta 

Ko Khanepani Tatha Sarsafai Karyakarm or People’s 

Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Program). 

Preparation studies for the pilot project were carried 

out with funding by the United Nations Development 

Program (UNDP) and a grant from Japanese Grant 

Facility (JGF) and executed by the World Bank/IDA 

for a period of three years during 1993-96. The Board 

was established in order to bring about fundamental 

changes in the conventional supply-oriented approach 

to adopting a demand driven and participatory 

development approach in rural water supply and 

sanitation delivery mechanism in the country. 

Currently, the Board is implementing the Second 

Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (RWSSP- 

II, 2004-2009) which is a follow-on to First Rural 

Water Supply and Sanitation Project (RWSSP-I, 1996- 

2003) with some improvements by incorporating the 

lessons learnt and overcoming the deficiencies in 

RWSSP-I. 

The Project has been implemented with main 

assistance from the World Bank/ International 

Development Association (IDA) and co-financed by 

UK, Department for International Development, 

DFID-Nepal (Batch-IV onwards) together with GoN 

and the communities. Ministry of Physical Planning 

& Works is the line Ministry of RWSSFDB. 

The Board has been implementing a demand driven 

community based Rural Water Supply and Sanitation 

Projects to promote cost-effective and sustainable 

development. The focus of the Project is to empower 

rural communities in service delivery with full 

emphasis on community ownership and responsibility 

in conformity with GoN’s RWSS sector policy. 

Participatory development process in all stages of 

the project cycle including operation and 

maintenance has been adopted and recognized. 

Emphasis has also been accorded to community 

mobilization throughout the Development and 

Implementation phases, to awareness creation and 

to increasing the role of women, IP, Dalit and 

disadvantaged people in decision-making process, 

RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION FUND DEVELOPMENT BOARD 

March 2007 

1

health, hygiene and sanitation and income and 

employment generation. Overall management of the 

Project is done by the community. The Board allocates 

resources through its partners known as Support 

Organizations (SOs) that are national/ international 

nongovernmental organizations, private sector firms 

and community-based organizations. Consultancy 

firms known as Service Agencies (SAs), hired by the 

Board, are utilized to assist in providing technical, 

institutional and operational support to both SOs 

and communities in various stages of the project 

cycle. Thus, the Board has promoted public private 

partnership model in programme implementation. 

OBJECTIVES 

The overall objective is to promote costeffective 

and sustainable rural water supply 

and sanitation projects in order to reduce 

rural poverty with full emphasis on community 

ownership and responsibilities. The Project 

aims to raise the living standard of rural 

people by: 

• Improving sector institutional 

performance and mainstreaming “Fund 

Board” approach in the Government’s 

system, and 

• Supporting communities to form inclusive 

local water supply and sanitation user 

groups that can plan, implement, and 

operate drinking water and sanitation 

infrastructure that delivers sustainable 

health, hygiene and productivity benefits 

to rural households. 

2 

Institutional Profile

KEY STRATEGY 

• The Board, takes only facilitating roles and 

keeps organization small and effective; 

• Community institutions are established and 

community capacities are appropriately 

strengthened and assisted in project 

identification, planning, implementation and 

managing the project; and 

• Support organizations such as NGOs and 

private sector organizations are mobilized to 

support community for capacity building and 

implementation of the project. 

WORKING MODALITY 

• Demand Driven and Participatory Approach 

• Resource Allocation through SOs and Communities 

• Local Resource Mobilization with Informed Choice 

of Technical and Service Level Options 

• Community Procurement and Financial Transparency 

• Equity in Water Supply, Health, Hygiene and 

Sanitation 

• Social Inclusion (Women, IP, Dalit and 

Disadvantaged People) 

• Capacity Building of Governmental and Nongovernmental 

Organizations 

• Quality Control through Participatory Monitoring 

and Evaluation 

• Cost-Effective Service 

• Operation and Management of Schemes by 

Communities 

• Backing Government’s Goal of Poverty Alleviation 

• Coordination, Linkages and Partnership Building 

with Local Authorities and Other Programs 


March 2007 

3

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT 

The new Formation Order 

provides operational autonomy to 

the Board and allows it to frame 

its own rules and regulations. 

The Board is supervised and 

managed by a seven members 

Board comprising of two 

government joint Secretaries 

(one each from MPPW and 

MoLD) one representative each 

from ADDCN and NAVIN, two 

professionals representing 

NGOs and one from the private 

sector nominated by GoN for a 

three years term. According to 

the provisions of the Formation 

RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 

FUND DEVELOPMENT BOARD ORGANIZATION CHART 

Order, the nominated 

professional members that 

includes at least one woman 

member, have more than ten 

years’ experience in the field of 

rural water supply 

and sanitation, engineering, 

participatory rural development 

4 


and health and sanitation. Chairperson 

of the Board is elected from among the 

Board Members for a three-year term. The 

Executive Director of the Board Secretariat 

acts as Secretary of the Board. 

Board policies are implemented from its 

head office, located at Kathmandu. 

Altogether 48 staffs including the 

Executive Director are recruited on a 

competitive basis for a fixed term, with 

possibility of extension based on 

satisfactory performance. They include 

seven managers - an Executive Director, 

a Deputy Executive Director, and five 

Division Chiefs (Planning and Operation, 

Monitoring and Evaluation; Technical; 

Human Resource/Program Development; 

and Administration Divisions); three 

Regional Managers, nine Officers, eleven 

Portfolio Managers and eighteen support 

staffs. At least two of the seven managers, 

if available, should be women to ensure 

addressing of gender issue in the Board’s 

programs. The Board members frame 

Board rules and operating procedures. 

The operating procedures are detailed 

and presented in the implementation 

manuals. There is also a provision of 

appointing a Technical Adviser for 

advising the Executive Director on 

management issues of the Board. 

PROGRAM 

COMPONENTS 

The Board provides grant assistance to communities and SOs 

for the implementation of rural water supply and sanitation 

programs, which also comprises a number of other components 

to make it an integrated aproach. 


March 2007 

5

SCHEME CYCLE 

The Project follows a Maximum of 37 and 39 months’ 

project cycle in hills gravity flow and Terai ground water 

schemes respectively with Pre-development, 

Development, Implementation and Post Implementation 

Phases. 

The scheme cycle takes into account the seasons, harvests 

and holidays, and their influence on site accessibility, 

water source yield measurement, availability of labor, 

conditions and timing for construction, as well as time 

needed to process the selection of SOs and schemes, 

the development and implementation phase proposals 

and the contracts. Each Fiscal year a new batch of 

schemes with a new scheme cycle is introduced. Each 

scheme-cycle consists of four main phases as briefly 

described below. 

THE PRE-DEVELOPMENT PHASE 

The Pre-development Phase 

of a scheme lasts for about 

12 and 17 months in hills 

gravity fiow and Terai ground 

water scheme respectively 

and begins in October of any 

given year. Its main objective 

is to identify and select SOs 

and schemes that meet 

Board’s eligibility criteria to 

enter into partnership among 

the Board, SOs and 

communities. Support 

organizations selected for 

any one batch are retained 

in the following batch subject 

to their satisfactory 

performance. Additional 

SOs are selected in each 

new batch depending on the 

availability of schemes. The 

selection is made 

transparently through public 

announcement in the month 

6 


of October each year, adopting 

comprehensive screening 

procedures, including site 

verifications, laid down in the 

manuals. The selected SOs submit 

pre-feasibility studies of schemes 

in collaboration with needy and 

willing communities, and in 

consultation with concerned 

village and district development 

committees, for Board appraisal. 

The schemes are reviewed against 

Board’s eligibility criteria, which 

includes on-site appraisals, before 

they are approved for Board 

financing. Upon approval of the 

schemes, the SOs submit 

proposals for community 

development activities. The 

proposals form the basis for the 

preparation and finalization of 

development phase contracts 

between the Board and the SOs. 

The SOs are required to inform 

and consult with the concerned 

village and district development 

committees on all future activities 

to be held in the communities. 

THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE 

The Development Phase lasts 

for about 12 months and begins 

in November of the second year 

with development phase 

contracts conducted between 

the Board and the SOs. Under 

such contract the Board 

provides financing for staff, 

logistic and other management 

cost, two lumpsums: one for the 

sanitation revolving loan fund 

(SRLF), the other to reimburse 

the SOs for their costs incurred 

for pre-feasibility studies of the 

approved schemes, and costs 

for other miscellaneous 

activities. The contract includes 

a comprehensive terms of 

reference for the SOs for 

activities to be undertaken under 

the development phase. 

Payments to the SOs are made 

in three installments, linked with 

the completion of specific tasks 

under the contracts. 

The development phase activities 

include: orientation and training 

to SOs’ staff; community preparation; 

and finalization of tri-partite 

contracts among the Board, SOs 

and communities. The SOs 

implement community development 

activities, which include 


March 2007 

7

HSE, NFE (optional), preparation 

of community action planning 

(CAP) for the implementation and 

management of the schemes, 

legal registration of water and 

sanitation users’ groups 

(WSUGs), formation of water 

and sanitation users’ committee 

(WSUCs) and discussions and 

community decisions on technical 

and service level options, detailed 

design of the schemes and 

preparation of the 

implementation phase proposals. 

During this phase, the 

communities open bank 

accounts, collect cash 

contributions to meet part of the 

construction cost, and also the 

first year’s operation and 

maintenance cost in advance. Promotion and construction of 

household latrines are also started. 

The implementation phase proposals form the basis for the 

preparation and finalization of implementation phase contracts. 

Only those communities who successfully complete the 

development phase activities, and are willing to participate in the 

implementation phase, submit implementation phase proposals. 

8 


services (WTSS) for income 

generating activities; and source 

protection. 

THE IMPLEMENTATION PHASE 

The Implementation Phase lasts for transport) and for other 

about 13 and 10 months in hills 

gravity fiow and Terai ground water 

schemes respectively and begins in 

August of the second year. Tripartite 

implementation phase contracts 

are conducted among the Board, 

SOs and the communities, 

represented by WSUCs. 

complementary activities, and the 

other for SO staff and logistic and 

other management cost. The 

implementation phase activities 

include: training to SOs’ staff 

and community members; 

procurement of non-local 

materials and transportation; 

collection of local materials; 

Under the contracts, the Board construction of water supply 

provides two types of financing - schemes; promotion and 

one for the construction of water 

supply schemes (non-local 

materials, skilled labor, and 

construction of household and 

school latrines; establishment of 

women’s technical support 

In this phase, payments are made 

in two separate accounts: 

construction cost to SOcommunity 

joint accounts, and 

community development cost to 

SO accounts. Both payments are 

made in two installments for 

construction, and three 

installments for community 

development, linked to the 

completion of specific tasks under 

the contracts. The contract also 

includes a comprehensive 

terms of reference for the 

communities and SOs for the 

activities to be undertaken under 

this phase. 

The outcome of the 

implementation phase is the 

consolidation of all development 

and implementation phase 

activities, a completed and 

functioning water supply and 

sanitation scheme, and trained 

WS UC and community members 

to operate and maintain the 

scheme. 


March 2007 

9

POST IMPLEMENTATION PHASE 

Post Implementation phase, introduced in 

RWSSP-II considering sustainability aspect 

learnt from RWSSP-I, is devoted for 

strengthening proper monitoring and 

linkage development with stakeholders, 

particularly with local government. In this 

phase support is provided mostly for skill 

development to the community regarding 

smooth functioning of scheme and 

documentation of monitoring activities. 

Community people take responsibility of 

operation and maintenance for 

sustainability of the scheme. 

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION 

The Board provides technical, institutional and financial 

support to SOs and communities to implement rural water 

supply and sanitation schemes and other related activities. 

To increase ownership and sustainability, beneficiary 

communities, represented by water supply and sanitation 

users’ committees (WSUCs), implement schemes with the 

Technical assistance of SOs. The community-based 

demand-driven approach to scheme identification, 

design, construction, operation, and maintenance moves 

the emphasis from the traditional physical infrastructure 

development to community development approach in 

order to increase beneficiaries’ participation in decisionmaking, 

implementing their decisions, and sharing the 

benefits of the schemes. 

10 


ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR 

SUPPORT ORGANIZATION 

To ensure that only competent and qualified SOs 

are selected to work in partnership with the Board 

and communities, the Board transparently applies 

the following eligibility criteria for the SO selection: 

• Evidence of legal registration of the SO; 

• Constitutional provision of the SO to engage 

in rural water supply and sanitation or rural 

development activities; 

• Updated, audited, and certified accounts; 

• Proven track record of at least two years in 

participatory rural water supply and sanitation, 

and/or related community development activities; 

Each new SO is evaluated by the Technical Appraisal 

Committee (TAC) of the Board and assessed at the 

field, particularly concerning its track record and 

staffing capacity before selection, using a ranking 

system provided in the implementation manuals. TAC 

recommends top-ranking SOs in required number 

to the Board for approval. 


March 2007 

11

SCHEME ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

Each scheme accepted for 

financing has to meet the 

following eligibility criteria as 

mentioned in the Rules: 

1 A scheme must meet one or 

more of the following Need 

and Economic Viability criteria: 

• The benefit/cost ratio of the 

scheme is at least 1.5. This 

is assured during predevelopment 

by following 

conditions 

a) Time saving per household 

per day should be more 

than 2 hrs for gravity, RWH 

and DTW, 45 min for STW 

and 1.75 hr. for dug wells 

schemes and 

b) Estimated per capita cost 

should be within threshold 

given in the manual or 

c) Average per capita water 

availability at present is less 

than 15 ltr. or 

d) Majority of the households 

(>50%) are dependent on 

heavily polluted water. 

2 A scheme must meet the 

following Technical criteria: 

• The proposed water source 

should be unpolluted, 

undisputed, and yields at 

least 45 liters per capita 

per day (if there is no other 

solution, and existing 

sources are heavily 

polluted or provide under 

15 lpcd, a minimum of 25 

lpcd is also acceptable). 

The scheme must meet the 

engineering standards and 

service levels prescribed in 

the Board’s technical 

manual, and the scheme 

proposal must include 

measures to mitigate 

adverse environmental 

consequences. 

3 A scheme must meet the 

following criteria on 

Sustainability and 

Willingness to pay: 

• The community contributes 

to the capital cost covering 

all unskilled labor, locally 

available materials, 

porterage of non local 

materials and the cash 

contribution is at least 

2.5% of the hardware cost 

in the Gravity and 10% in the Ground 

water. Community also contributes all 

additional costs for service levels 

higher than basic service level those 

provided under Fund’s technical 

manual; 

• The community makes satisfactory 

operation and maintenance 

arrangements, including engaging 

a village maintenance worker, 

establishing a system for collecting 

maintenance funds on a regular 

basis, and paying the first year’s 

operation and maintenance cost in 

advance which is 3% of the total 

scheme construction cost in the Hills 

and 4% in the Terai; 

• A WSUG is formed and registered 

under the Water Resources Act 

12 


comprising all beneficiary families, and 

a WSUC with representatives from each 

cluster, including at least 33% women 

members, is constituted to manage the 

implementation, operation and 

maintenance of the scheme; and 

• All households in the community 

are covered. 

The above eligibility criteria are applied to schemes to qualify for both 

the development and implementation phases of the scheme cycle. 

SOCIAL INCLUSION 

Basic design of the project is 

‘demand driven approach’ where 

every willing household in the 

community is included as 

beneficiary of the project. RWSSP- 

II poses special focus on social 

inclusion (gender, caste/ethnic 

and disadvantaged people). This 

would promote open and 

meaningful participation of poor, 

women and the excluded groups 

in activities related to improved 

water supply and sanitation. They 

are involved in decision making 

process from pre-development to 

implementation phase. The 

following aspects are 

consolidated and integrated for 

ensuring social inclusiveness. 

• Inclusion of Social mapping 

focusing on ethnic 

information in Prefeasibility 

Form 

• Provision of up to 50% 

Subsidy to poor including IP, 

Dalit and disadvantaged 

people in community cash 

contribution 

• Service extended to Remote 

Areas (generally inhabited by 

poor including IP, Dalit and 

disadvantaged people) 

• Provision of support for 

transportation cost in Remote 

Areas 

• Information dissemination 

about the Board policy, 

working modalities, etc. in 

different nine IP languages 

• Priority given in selection of IP 

and Dalit sensitive SOs and 

selection of IP and Dalit staffs 

in SOs, SAs and the Board 

• Capability enhancement of 

the staff of Board and partner 

organizations to support in 

social inclusion 


March 2007 

13

FINANCIAL TRANSPARENCY 

The community implements the scheme under a tripartite 

agreement among the Board, SO and community. The 

community operates a joint account with SO to manage 

the scheme implementation. The Board transfers all 

construction related funds to this joint A/C where 2.5% 

of community cash contribution to invest for construction 

work is initially deposited. The community in support of 

SO manages the entire scheme-related procurement 

that constitutes non-local materials like pipe, cement, 

fittings, etc. through the joint account. The SO as joint 

signatory ensures quality of materials procured. Each 

SO and community is required to maintain accounts of 

income and expenditure in the formats provided by the 

Board, and regularly provide the Board with updated 

actual scheme accounts on expenditure of any payment 

before a next payment is made. Independent auditors 

recruited by the Board finally audit their accounts. 

Board’s Materials Quality Spot- check mechanism 

further ensures quality of materials as per standard. 

Apart from this, the community also manages and 

mobilizes funds received from the Board through 

SOs for Sanitation Revolving Loan Fund (SRLF) and 

Women Technical Support Service (WTSS) Fund. 

Public auditing is exercised in each scheme during 

and after completion of the scheme in front of the 

community at mass meetings. Financial audit is also 

done in order to ensure better financial 

management and transparency. Information related 

to funding sources and contributions are displayed 

on a display board in each community. 

Local resource mobilization and community 

contribution to the program has been the inherent 

characteristic of RWSSFDB. The community identifies 

different options and makes choice of technical 

options including service level options such as 

community or private household connection of tap 

and provision for future expansion, type of tap-stand 

and toilets, etc. Higher-level option means higher 

level of community contribution. 

14 


MONITORING, EVALUATION 

AND SUPERVISION 

The Board, set up as a facilitating 

agency, maintains that the 

primary managers of specific 

schemes are the WSUCs and 

SOs. However, the Board adopts 

a comprehensive monitoring, 

evaluation and supervision system 

for both the development and 

implementation phases to ensure 

technical quality and effectiveness 

of beneficiary participation. The 

Board also monitors 

implementation progress, impact 

of the investments made, and the 

quality of performance of the 

SOs. Such monitoring puts 

emphasis on the responsibilities 

and interests of communities and 

SOs in terms of process, outputs 

and quality control. The Board 

has adopted third party 

monitoring system which is being 

carried out through the selected 

service agencies (SAs) i.e., 

private consultancy firms. The 

Board also conducts impact as 

well as other strategic studies for 

lession learnings. 

ROLE OF WOMEN IN SCHEME 

IMPLEMENTATION 

The Board upholds the importance of women 

involvement in all stages of a scheme cycle, 

because they are the main collectors, users 

and managers of household water. At the 

same time, they are the ones who influence 

family sanitary habits through their central 

role in family hygiene, child care and food 


March 2007 

15

preparation. For this reason, 

the Board promotes the role of 

women in five key areas: 

(i) Representation of at least 

33% women members in 

WSUC is mandatory and 

preferably one to undertake 

the responsibility of 

treasurership; 

(ii) HSE and NFE activities focus 

on women; 

(iii) Women are encouraged to 

take advantage of Women’s 

Technical Support Services 

(WTSS) program, providing 

specific skill and 

management training to 

increase the scope of income 

generating activities, and 

help women gain access 

to formal credit systems; 

(iv) Women are encouraged to 

form Mother and Child Tap 

Stand Groups (MCTGs) to 

collect monthly operation 

and maintenance fees, and 

to maintain sanitation 

condition at tapstands; and 

(v) Selection and training to 

Village Health Promotor (VHP). 

PROMOTION OF 

PRIVATE SECTOR 

The main objective of the Government to establish and 

operationalize the Board is to gradually transfer the water supply 

and sanitation service delivery responsibility to the private sector. 

With this objective, the Board is designed to operate in 

partnership with SOs and communities, and obtain the services 

of national level SAs for technical, institutional, and operational 

assistances in various stages of scheme implementation. 

16 


COORDINATION 

AND LINKAGE 

The vertical and horizontal coordination and 

relation with National Planning Commission, 

concerned ministries/departments, stakeholders 

and IDA/World Bank, DFID and other concerned 

donors working in water supply and sanitation at 

centre and with DDCs, VDCs, Line Agencies, I/ 

NGOs, CBOs, WSUGs and other stakeholders including communities at local level is maintaining well for 

making favorable environment and smooth implementation/ running of RWSSFDB program in rural areas of 

the country. 

CENTRAL LEVEL 

The Board has been continuously and 

successfully contributing to national 

policy decisions in RWSSP sector by 

participating in the following activities: 

• Supporting M&E Unit of MPPW 

through providing information regarding 

baseline and progress/outcome of the 

Board in given formats. 

• Participating in national level meetings/ 

workshops organized by MPPW and 

sector organizations. 

• Participating in National Arsenic 

steering Committee Coordinated by 

Department of Water Supply and 

Sewerage (DWSS). 

• Participating in National Sanitation 

Steering Committee Coordinated 

by DWSS. 

LOCAL LEVEL 

The Board has been maintaining coordination well through 

SOs and communities with DDC/VDC in implementation 

through following mechanism: 

• Making mandatory to include scheme in District 

Development/District Strategic Plan. 

• Opening door for VDC and DDC in cost-sharing 

• Involve DDC/VDC representatives in key milestone/M&E 

events. 

• Enhance information sharing with sufficient information that 

VDC and DDC require. 

• Include VDC technicians in technical training 

• Link DDC/VDC for follow-up supports to community 

particularly in Post-Implementation Phase 

It is expected that this would further support local government 

to adopt demand-driven participatory approaches and 

involving NGOs and private sector in implementation of water 

supply and sanitation projects. 


March 2007 

17

SOURCE OF FUNDING 

The total Fund for RWSSP-II is US $ 41.5 millions 

with the share of GoN (28%), IDA/World Bank (61% 

as loan) and community (11%) till August 2009. 

Additionally US $ 27 millions has been provided by 

the IDA/World Bank as grant to RWSSP-II with the 

time extension up to 2010 to deliver drinking water 

& sanitation facilities in 582 communities benefiting 

some 4,07,400 additional rural people in Nepal. 

Sources of Funding (US 41.5 millions) 

Community (Cash & Kind) 

11% 

IDA 

61% 

GoN 

28% 

MATERIALS FOR SHARING 

A. PUBLICATIONS 

• SARAR Participatory Tools 

• SARAR Participatory Tools Hand Book 

• Health and Sanitation Manual 

• VHP Manual 

• VMW Manual 

• Annual Reports 

• Institutional Profile of the Board 

• Water and Sanitation Posters 

• KHASKOSH Newsletter 

• Document in 9 Major IPDP Languages 

• Guidelines for Gravity Water Supply 

and Ground Water System Survey, 

Design and Estimate 

• Website: http//www.rwss.org 

B. AUDIO VISUALS 

• SARAR Participatory Tools 

Documentary 

• Tapping the Source 

Documentary 

• Water and Life Documentary 

• Water for Health Documentary 

• Hamro Pani (Our Water) Documentary 

• KHASKOSH-Radio Program 

(All episodes) 

18

Institutional Profile - Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Fund Board

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