Kawasaki City - Penang Institute

Environment technology transferred
from Kawasaki City to the world
Past experience and message for the future
Takekazu Inoue
Associate Manager
Environment Bureau, City of
Kawasaki, Japan
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 1

Location of Kawasaki City
Tokyo
Narita Airport
Beijin
Shenyang
Kawasaki
Haneda Airport
Kawasaki
Yokohama
Chiba
1000km
Bankok
2000km
Penang
Kawasaki⇔Narita Airport 90min
Kawasaki⇔Haneda Airport 20min
Bandung
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 2

Profile of Kawasaki City
Kawasaki
Households 652,947
(as of 11/1/12009)
Japan
52,320,000
(as of 3/31/2008)
Area 144.35 km 2 377,929.99 km 2
GDP
43.1 billion dollars
(4.7 trillion yen)
(FY 2006)
4.37 trillion dollars
(507trillion yen )
(FY 2006)
144.35km2
Major
Industries and
business
categories
Manufacturing (steel,
electronics,
telecommunications,
precision machinery,
petrochemical,
chemistry) information
and service
Manufacturing,
services, wholesale
and retail trade, real
estate, finance,
insurance,
transportation,
telecommunications
Kawasaki
Population 1,419,680
Population
Growth Rate
(as of 08/1/2010)
5.8%
(FY 2006→2010)
Average Age 41.1
(as of 10/1/2009)
Japan
127,427,000
(as of 3/1/2010)
-0.03%
(FY 2006→2010)
43.9
(as of 10/1/2007)
Developing
Industries
Registered
Foreign
National
Population
Telecommunications,
environmental, welfare
and life sciences
32,776
(from 120 countries)
(as of 9/30/2009)
Telecommunications,
environmental, life
sciences,
nanotechnology
materials, energy and
manufacturing
technology etc.
2,217,426
(as of 12/31/2008)
Labor Force
Population
737,210
(FY 2005)
65,400,000
(FY2005)
Foreign Firms 115
(83 head offices :
5 th in Japan)
Approx. 3,500
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 3

Globally Renowned Companies Location in Kawasaki
Nippon ZEON
YAKIN Kawasaki
Mitsubishi Fuso
Truck & Bus
Kao
Tonen General Sekiyu
Tokyo Electric Power
Showa Denko
Nisshin Seifun
Nippon Oil
JFE Steel
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 4

View of coastal area
1967 (40 years ago)
2011
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 5

(t / y)
50,000
40,000
45,879
1972 : Promulgation of Kawasaki City Pollution Control Ordinance(Total Volume Regulation Introduced)
1974 : National Government Revises Air Pollution Control Act,Total Volume Regulation Introduced
1978 : Kawasaki City Basic Total Volume regulation Strengthened
1991 : Kawasaki City basic Environment ordinance
1993 : Prommulgation of Automobile NOx Act
30,000
20,000
28,554
1999 : Kawasaki City Issues Ordinances Related to Pollution Control
and the Preservation of Living Environments ((2000 : Comprehensive
Reduction Measures Introduced for SMPs,NOx,SOx,PM,HCL)
Nitogen Oxide(NOx)
2002 Issuance of Automobile NOx PM Act
10,000
0
1973
1975
Particulate Matter(PM)
2,688
1977
1979
1981
1983
Environmental Standard for
Sox Achieved
Sulfer Oxide(SOx)
1985
1987
1989
1991
2004 Environmental Standard for
SPM Achieved
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
9,739
851
481
2003
2005
2007
Changes in Atmospheric Pollutant Outputs Emitted by Factories/Offices (All Cities)
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 6
year

Technology and Know-how Gained through Antipollution Measures
Flue gas treatment
system
Initiatives of businesses
- Aggressive investment in
antipollution measures
- Development of technology and
know-how for preventing pollution
- Training of technicians and
engineers in pollution prevention
- Establishment of a pollution victim relief system
Initiatives of government
Initiatives of residents
- Signing of air pollution prevention agreements with 39
factories
- Establishment of anti-pollution local government
ordinances
4 Introduction of a monitoring system
- Promotion of corporate and government
anti-pollution measures through
various activities including registering
of complaints and filing petitions
- Cultivation of a heightened awareness
of the environment among residents
Realization of a dramatic improvement in the atmospheric environment
Morning in Chidoricho in 1965
Source: Kawasaki City Museum
Accumulation of superior environmental technology and know-how
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 7
in the course of implementing various antipollution measures

Change of Kawasaki city’s policy
1950
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
2010
Population
320,000 630,000 970,000 1,040,000 1,170,000 1,250,000 1,410,000
Kawasaki International
ECO-Tech Fair
Formulation of CC Kawasaki
Initiative for the Development of
Entrepreneurship in Asia
Concept
Coordination with UNEP
International Environmental
Special Zone Concept
“Eco-Town” concept formulation,
the nation’s first certified “ECO-
Town”
Coping with a state of emergency
declaration regarding waste
Coping with the Oil Shock
Coping with serious industrial
pollution problems
Antipollution
Measures
Energy
Conservation
Measures
3 R Measures
Resource/Energy Recycling and
Effective Utilization
Global Warming Measures
- In the process of dealing with a variety of environmental issues, a vast amount of environmental
technology and know-how has been accumulated within Kawasaki City
- Contributing to solving environmental problems on a global-scale is Kawasaki’s responsibility through
transferring these experiences overseas
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 8

Kawasaki Eco-Town Plan
Kawasaki’s Fundamental Plan to create the Town harmonizing
with Environment
(Kawasaki Eco-Town Plan)
Companies go for
eco-friendly
-Install and
construct
recycling
facilities
Companies
collaborate
together for ecofriendly
on site
-Construct Zero
Emissions
Industrial Park
-Survey possible
way to use
resources and
waste in
companies
Research for
sustainable
development of
coastal area on
environment
-Collaboration with
NPOs (Industrial
Business Creation
Liaison Centre etc)
and studies on
advanced
resources recycling
and unused heat
reuse
Contribution for
international
communication
and sending
performance
-Promotion of
the plan of Asian
Venture Business
Town
-Collaboration
with UNEP
9

Realization of a Mutually Beneficial Cycle
between the Environment and Industry
(Kawasaki’s Fundamental Plan to create the Town
harmonizing with Environment(Kawasaki Eco-Town Plan))
- Companies go for eco-friendly
- Companies collaborate together for eco-friendly on site
- Research for sustainable development of coastal area on
environment
- Contribution for international communication and sending
performance
Appointed zone
The plan was approved by MITI (at present,
METI) in 1997
Appointed area : Whole Kawasaki Coastal zone
(2,800ha)
Purpose 1: Facilitate companies operating there
to develop resources recycling production and
install new equipments for resources recycling
Purpose 2 : Construct Kawasaki Zero Emissions
Industrial Park oriented to waste reuse and
recycling
Realization of a Mutually Beneficial Cycle between
the Environment and Industry
10

Resources Recycling Facilities
Reuse of waste plastics
for blast furnace
2000 --
Recycling of
used electric appliances
2001 --
Concrete setting frame production
from waste plastic
2002 --
Material production for ammonia
from waste plastics
2003 --
Capacity (plastics) 25,000t / year
Capacity 400,000 - 500,000 sets / year
Capacity (plastics) 20,000t / year
Capacity (plastics) 65,000t / year
Ammonia production 58,000t / year
JFE Plastic Resource Corp.
JFE Urban Recycle Corp.
JFE Plastic Resource Corp.
SHOWA DENKO K.K.
Used mix paper recycling
2002 --
Capacity (used mix paper) 81,000t / year
Produced toilet and tissue paper 54,000t / year SAN-EI Regulator Co.,Ltd
PET bottles material recycling
- PET to PET-
2004 -
Capacity (used PET bottles) 27,500t / year
Produced material for new bottles 22,300t / year PET
Refine Technology Co.,Ltd
* Others DC (Cement products) and YAKIN-Kawasaki (Non-ferrous products) implement recycling
11
-11-

JFE Plastic Resource Corporation’s Recycling Efforts – RECO Board
- Production of concrete-setting frame (RECO Board ) from used plastics
- NF boards are repeatedly used as many times as 20 cycles, double times
compared with conventional wood boards
- Used RECO Boards are collected (buy back) and recycled to material for blast furnace
- No wood product
- Reduction of wooden
waste at construction
Used
plastics
Pellets
Concrete setting frame
(RECO Board)
Sales of boards
Transportation
Buy back of
used boards
Collection of
used boards
Constructio
n site
Plywood
Material
W o o d e n
plates and
p l y w o o d
No. of used
boards
1000 sheets
/ year
100,500
Material in
blast furnace
Others
S t e e l 700
P l a s t i c 70
Aluminium 10
View of Construction site
NF board 500
12

Showa Denko INC. : Plastic Recycling
- Production of material for ammonia from used plastics
- 175t chemical product from 195t used plastics
- Produced ammonia is on the
market with Eco-brand “ECO ANN”
- Product is used as reagent in
plants of local governments for
treating NOX
Used plastics
RPF
Fossil fuel
Synthesized
gas
Reforming
De-CO2
Compr
ess
and
circula
te
Synth
esize
13

PET REFINE TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD.
Material for New PET Bottle – PET to PET Recycling System
- Material recycling of used PET bottles and Producing pure PET resin
with equivalent properties to product made of petroleum
- Almost complete recovery in recycling PET bottles on the base of PET resin
Cutting &
Cleaning
Crude
BHET
Refined
BHET
Polymer
PET
resin
Bottles Collection
EG
(ethyleneglycol)
Separate
impurities &
distill
Depolymerizing & Purifying
PET
bottles
Abandon
used bottles
Selling bottles
Filling liquor
14

SAN-EI REGULATOR CO.,LTD : Recycling of Used Mix Paper
(recycling hard-to-recycle used paper)
- Kawasaki City collects used papers from households, classifies them
according to composition & properties of papers and supplies to SAN-EI
Regulator CO.,LTD for recycling to toilet papers
- The toilet papers are sold in retail stores in Kawasaki City
SAN-EI reuses process water
treated in sewage treatment
plant in Kawasaki
Classify mix paper
in used papers from
households
(Mix Paper)
Complicatedly fabricated papers such as
cakes-box, wrapping paper, pamphlet,
photographic paper, laminate
15

Resources Recycling Facilities
SHOWA DENKO K.K.
Material production for
ammonia from waste
plastics
DC CO.,LTD.
Recycling cement production
JFE group companies
Reusing material for blast furnace
from waste plastics/Concrete setting
frame production from waste
plastics/Used electric appliances
recycling
PET REFINE
TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
Material production for
new PET bottles
(PET to PET)
Radius of circle 1.5 km
Kawasaki Zero Emissions Industrial Park
SAN-EI REGULATOR CO.,LTD.
Toilet and tissue paper production
from mix paper in used papers
16

Kawasaki Zero Emissions Industrial Park
• Industrial Park was launched as model facilities for Ecotown
plan in this area
(operation started in November 2002)
• Reduce waste from business activities as much as possible
• Minimization of environmental load in the park by reuse
and recycling of waste and cascade use of energy
• The whole industrial park obtained ISO14001 certification
in March 2005
Kawasaki Zero Emissions Industrial Park
Major Practices of Companies in the Park
• Use of natural gas cars
• Use of hydro-generation plants
• Circulating use of chemicals and water
• Recycling of used mix papers
• Circulating use of waste water from surface plating
• Reuse of incinerated ash as material for cement
Location
Area 77,464m 2
No of
companies
Workers About 400
Mizue-town, Kawasaki Ward
15 (metal fabrication, paper, surface
plating etc.)
17

Eco-Town Project
Creation of Advanced Environmentally Harmonized Town “Zero emissions Plan”
1 Promotion of environmental industries on locally accumulated technologies
2 Formation of resources cycling economy and society through reducing waste
generation and promoting waste recycling on site
Scheme of system(1997--)
METI
MOE
Approvement
Subsides for
equipments and
facilities
( --2005)
Eco-town plan made by local governments
L.G. : subsidize
L.G. : implement business
Subsides for survey,
planning etc.
(-- 2004)
< Hard sector > < Soft sector >
- Install advanced recycling facilities
- Establish R/D facilities
- Dissemination, supply information etc.
Implement business, invest
Local companies
Participate in business
Citizens
18

Eco-Town Plans approved by Governments (Feb. 2010)
Start 1997
No. of approved sites 26
No. of subsidized facilities
Aomori
Pref.
Iida City(Nagano)
Sapporo City
Hokkaido
Akita pref.
62
Toyama City
Okayama Pref.
Hiroshima Pref.
Gifu Pre.
Kamaishi City
(Iwate)
Ehime Pref.
Hyogo Pref.
Kurihara City(Miyagi )
Kitakyushu City
Ohmuta City
(Fukuoka )
Minomata City
(Kumamoto)
Osaka Pref.
Teshima Town(Ehime))
Tokyo
Chiba City & Pref.
Yamaguchi Pref.
Kochi City
Suzuka City (Mie)
Yokkaichi City(Mie)
Aichi Pref.
Kawasaki City
(Kanagawa Pref.)
19

Carbon Challenge Kawasaki Eco-Strategy
• Announced the basic strategy of Kawasaki City’s countermeasure against
global warming in February 2008.
Basic concept
To promote a virtuous and harmonious circle for “environment”
and “economy”, and to engage the entire city in the development
of a sustainable society on a global scale.
1
2
3
Promote Environmental Measures that Capitalize on
Advantages and Features of Kawasaki
Promote international contributions through
environmental technology.
Promote CO2 Reduction through Collaboration of
a Variety of Actors
-To promote CC Kawasaki, CC Kawasaki Eco Conference (Kawasaki
Promotion Conference of Countermeasure against Global Warming) was
established in July 2008 by citizens and businesses.
20

Energy Cycle and Effective Energy Use Initiative
in Collaboration with Companies
Kawasaki City run a large-scale energy-saving project with Tokyo Electric Power
Company (TEPCO) to supply steam from a thermal electric power plant to
factories in the surrounding areas.
Quantity of steam supplied
Approx. 300,000 ton annually
Newly laid steam
pipes Existing steam
pipes
Time of supply
February 1th, 2010
Effect of energy saving
Steam supply source (TEPCO Kawasaki
Thermal Power Station)
Generating efficiency at world’s highest level: 59%
Approx.11,000 kl. annually (crude oil conversion), about 4%
* Equal to annual energy consumption of approx.9,500 average families
Effect of CO 2 reduction
Approx.25,000 tons annually
* Equal to annual emission of CO2 approx.4,600 families
Image of steam piping
(Piping will be designed to complement the
landscape.)
21

Mega Solar Generation Project
Kawasaki City and Tokyo Electric Power Co. are moving
ahead with a joint mega-solar power generation project to
construct solar electric power plants with a combined total
output of 20,000kW in the Kawasaki City coastal area. These
plants are set to commence operation in FY2011.
Tokyo Electric Power: Construction of the solar power
facilities; operation and management of the electric power
plants
Kawasaki: Construction and operation of a PR facility
One of the largest solar power generation plants in Japan
2 electric power plants with a total output of about 20,000kW
(7,000kW + 13,000kW)
Will generate about 21 million kWh, equivalent to the amount
of electricity used by about 5,900 ordinary households
annually
Annual CO2 reduction effects of about 8,900t
Kawasaki City
Construction and operation
of the PR facility
Land owned by
Kawasaki City
Ukishima Solar Power Plant
(provisional name)
Output: about 7,000kW
Electricity generated: about 7.4
million kWh 11ha
PR facility for solar power generation, etc.
Ohgishima Solar Power Plant
(provisional name)
Output: About 13,000kW
Electricity generated: about 13.7
million kWh 23ha
Land owned by Tokyo Electric
Power Co.
Tokyo Electric Power Co.
Construction of solar power generation facilities
Operation and maintenance of electric power plants
22
Compiled from data obtained from Tokyo Electric Power
Co.’s website

Kawasaki Mega solar Power Generation Plant
8 月 5 日 完 成
Ukishima Solar Power Plant Output
7000KW
Observatory
23
23
Kawasaki Ecolife Museum for Future

Leading Environmental Technology / Facilities
Concentrated in the Kawasaki Waterfront Area
Facility for Manufacturing
Recycled Cement
Asanochou
Mizuechou
Chidori
(Yakou)
Ukishima
Mega-watt Solar Power Generation (planned)
Output 7 MW
Combined with planned facility for
Ougijima, will be one of the largest
solar power facilities in Japan
Highly Efficient
Thermal Storage Air Conditioning System
Ougimachi
Higashi
Ougijima
Ougijima
Higashi Ougijima East Park
(Revived after a half century -manmade Beach )
PET Bottle to PET Bottle
Recycling Facility
Facility for turning ammonia from
waste plastic into raw material
Highly Efficient Thermal Power Generation
Facility Meeting Highest Global Standards
(Power Generation Efficiency 59%)
Biomass Power Generation
Facility (planned)
Contaminated Soil Cleaning
Facility
Natural Gas Power Generating Facility
Kawasaki zero emission factory complex
Waste Plastic Recycling Facility, etc
Thermal Power Generation Exhaust Heat
Provided to Surround Businesses, Efficient
Use
Mega-watt Solar Power Generation
(planned) Output: 13 MW
Large-scale Wind Power
Generation Facility (planned)
Resource-saving, CO2-reducing
New-type Shaft Furnace
Development and Manufacturing
Base for Large-scale Lithium-ion Batteries
Recycling facility for difficult to
regenerate used paper
24

Support Manufacturing for a Low Carbon Society
Low CO2 Kawasaki Pilot Brand
Kawasaki CO 2 Reduction Model
-A framework that assesses technologies and products that contribute to lifecycle CO 2 reduction
-CO 2 reduction amounts are calculated in comparison to existing products, not only at the time of
production but for the product’s entire lifecycle as well
Example of calculation (for manufactured goods)
CO 2 Transparency in All Processes!
CO 2
reduction
result
Raw
Material
Provision
Com
pare
Manufacturing
Com
pare
Distribution
Sales
Com
pare
Use /
Maintenance
Com
pare
= + + + +
Disposal /
recycle
Com
pare
Permeate the concept
for assessing CO 2
according to product
lifecycle
Raw
Material
Provision
Manufacturing
Distribution
Sales
Use /
Maintenance
Disposal /
recycle
Low-CO 2 Kawasaki Brand
System of assessment based on lifecycle
Based on the Kawasaki CO 2 reduction model, a product and technology assessment system that contributes to a
low carbon society.
25
Trial implementation carried out this fiscal year, aim for full-scale implementation based on accumulated experience
from trials.
25

Low CO2 Kawasaki Pilot Brand ’10
We attempted to implement from fisical year 2009.
TOSHIBA
Hamakawasaki
Operations
JFE Engineering
Corporation
JFE Steel Corporation
Nihon Genryo
FUJITSU
TOKYO GAS
FUJITSU Network
Solutions
TOSHIBA R&D
Kawasaki Steam Net
Kawasaki Global Warming
Prevention Association;Energy
Saving Group
Kawasaki Global Warming
Prevention Association
Green Consumer Group
Project for Civil Cooperative
Generating Station
26

Various kinds of power plants in the Kawasaki’s coastal zone
1 Kawasaki Biomass Power Plant
(output) 33,000kW
(area) 3.2ha
(business entity)
Kawasaki Biomass Power
Corporation
(establishment) 2011.2
(plant type) Biomass
2 Kawasaki Natural Gas Power Plant
(output) 847,400kW
(area) 6.2ha
(business entity)
(funder)JX Nihon Oil & Energy
Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd.
(establishment)2008.4
(plant type)Thermal(LNG)
3 Showa Denko K.K. Kawasaki branch
(output) 124,200kW
(area) 34.5ha
(business entity) Showa Denko K.K
(plant type) Thermal
4 JR East in house thermal Power Plant
(output) 633,000kW
(area) 6.7ha
(business entity) East Japan Railway
Company
(establishment) 1973.10
(plant type) Thermal(paraffin, LNG)
5 Ogishima solar power plant
(output) 13,000kW
(area) 23ha
(business entity) TEPCO
Kawasaki City
(establishment) (2011.12)
(plant type) solar
6 Ogishima Wind Power Plant
(output) 1,990kW
(height) 123m (tower: 80m)
(business entity) JX Nihon Oil & Energy
Corporation
(establishment) 2010.3
(plant type) Wind
Shiraishicho
Ogimachi
Okawacho
7 Higashi Ogishima Thermal
Power Plant
(output) 2 million kW
(area) 47ha
(establishment) 1987.9
(business entity) TEPCO
(plant type) Thermal
(LNG)
Mizuecho
Ogishima
Tonomachi
Kojimacho
Chidoricho
Keihin Port
8 ELIIY Power Co., Ltd.
Kawasaki branch
Manufacturer of Highcapacity
Lithium-ion
Batteries
(area) 2.9ha
Haneda Airport
Ukishimacho
Higashi Ogishima
9 Kawasaki Thermal Power
Plant
(output) 128,000kW
*Urgent Installation
(business entity) TEPCO
(establishment) 2011.8
(plant type) Thermal(LNG)
10 Kawasaki clean power
power plant
(output) 30,000kW
(area) 2.7ha
(business entity) MARUBENI
CORPORATION
(establishment) 2003.5
(plant type) Thermal(LNG)
Total generating capacity of all the power plants in the Kawasaki’s coastal zone
reaches 5.46 million kW, which is equal to 80% of electricity used by households
in the Metropolitan area: 6.3 million kW(Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama).
11G ENEX CO.,LTD.Mizue Thermal Power Plant
(Output) 274,190kW
(area) 2.7ha
(business entity)
(funder) Toa Oil Co.,Ltd.
J-Power
(establishment) 2002.6
(plant type) Thermal
(diesel and other fuel)
12 kawasaki Thermal Power Plant
(output) 3.42million kW
(area) 28ha
(business entity) TEPCO
(establishment) 2007.6
(plant type) Thermal(LNG)
*Kawasaki Steam Net: Delivering the steam
generated in this station to other plants
13 Ukishima Solar Power Plant
(output) 7,000kW
(area) 11ha
(business entity) TEPCO
Kawasaki City
(establishment) 2011.8
plant type)solar
14 Ukishima Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Center
(output) 12,500kW
(area) 6ha
(business entity)Kawasaki City
(establishment) 1995.5
(plant type) Thermal(waste)
the present time
27
the final
1 Kawasaki Biomass Power Plant 3.3 3.3
2 Kawasaki Natural Gas Power Plant 84.7 84.7
3 Showa Denko K.K. Kawasaki branch 12.4 12.4
4 JR East in house thermal Power Plant 63.3 63.3
5 Ogishima solar Power Plant -- 1.3
6 Ogishima Wind Power Plant 0.2 0.2
7 Higashi Ogishima Thermal Power Plant 200.0 200.0
9 Kawasaki Thermal Power Plant -- 12.8
10 Kawasaki clean power power plant 3.0 3.0
11 GENEX CO.,LTD.Mizue Thermal Power Plant
10 thousand kW
27.4 27.4
12 Kawasaki Thermal Power Plant 150.0 342.0
13 Ukishima Solar Power Plant -- 0.7
14 Ukishima Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Center
1.2 1.2
(10 thousand total kW)
545.6 752.4

Transfer of Environmental Technology as
Global Contributions and Industrial Exchange
28
Capitalizing on our past experience with pollution and cutting-edge environmental
initiatives to date, we plan to widely disseminate information on superior environmental
technology and products within Japan and overseas.
We will transfer environmental technology as a global contribution and a form of industrial
exchange.
K A W A S A K I
28

-- The 8th Asia-Pacific Eco-Business Forum
February 8 - 9,2012 ( Wednesday &Thursday)
- Urban and Industrial Symbiosis
- occasion for the participants to exchange information
on the advanced environmental technologies
http://www.city.kawasaki.jp/30/30kokuse/ho
me/index.html
-- Kawasaki International Eco-Tech Fair
February 10 - 11,2012 (Friday & Saturday)
http://www.kawasaki-eco-tech.jp/
29

Conclusion
In Kawasaki City, we will make city-wide efforts to
promote harmony and a virtuous circle between the
“environment” and the “economy” in order to realize a
sustainable society on a global scale.
Thank you for your
attention.
Global Environment Knowledge Centre 30