Activity Report 2005 - International Foundation High Altitude ...

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International Foundation HFSJG Activity Report 2005 Address: EMPA Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology Ueberlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Contacts Stefan Reimann Tel.: +41 1 823 4654 Fax: +41 1 821 6244 e-mail: stefan.reimann@empa.ch URL: http://www.empa.ch/abt134 30
International Foundation HFSJG Activity Report 2005 Name of research institute or organization: EMPA Materials Science and Technology Title of project: National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) Project leader and team Martin Steinbacher, Martin K. Vollmer, Stefan Reimann, Christoph Hüglin (project leader) Project description: The national air pollution monitoring network NABEL is a joint project of the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU/FOEN) and EMPA. The NABEL network consists of 16 monitoring stations that are distributed all over Switzerland. The monitoring stations represent the most important air pollution levels. The NABEL site at Jungfraujoch is a very low polluted site, representing a background station for the lower free troposphere in central Europe. The measurement programme at Jungfraujoch includes continuous in-situ analyses of ozone (O 3 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and the sum of nitrogen oxides (NO y ). In addition, an extended set of halocarbons and a selection of VOCs (alkanes, aromatics) are measured with a time resolution of four hours. Daily samples are taken for determination of gaseous SO 2 and for particulate sulphur. The concentrations of total suspended particles are continuously observed as well as measured as 48-hour bulk samples. A custom-built gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector and an electron capture detector (GC-FID/ECD) is operated since February 2005 to quasicontinuously measure CH 4 , CO, N 2 O, and SF 6 . One measurement sequence takes 15 minutes and each ambient air sample is bracketed with calibration runs using real-air standards with concentrations representative for Northern Hemisphere tropospheric concentrations resulting in a time resolution of 30min. On the one hand, these measurements enable CO observations with a higher precision compared to the current commercial CO monitor based on the NDIR technique. On the other hand, the CH 4 , N 2 O, and SF 6 observations complete our extended set of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases so that the whole set of non-CO 2 greenhouse gases is now continuously monitored at the Jungfraujoch. Figure 1 shows CO measurements for a 10-day period in summer 2005. The comparison of the CO time series measured with the two different techniques illustrates that the NDIR monitor exhibits a larger noise than the GC-FID even when considering 10-min averages. This is well visible during the last two days of the presented period when the CO mixing ratios were low and little short-term variability was observed. Whereas the measurement uncertainty of the commercial NDIR monitor is estimated to be ±5% (1σ) (Forrer et al., 2000; Zellweger et al., 2000) recurrent real-air standard analyses at the Jungfraujoch resulted in a standard deviation of 0.3% (at 300.9 ppb) using a 10ml sample loop for the new custom-built gas chromatograph. 31
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